Search Results (87)

Hybrid power generation systems are an effective solution for matching energy production with electrical load demand. In this study, we examine the viability of a grid-connected hybrid PV/Wind system for meeting the electricity demand of the Lafarge cement factory in Al-Tafilah, Jordan, using HOMER Pro software. The results indicate that the optimal configuration consists of a $6.1 \mathrm{M}\mathrm{W}$ wind turbine and a $22.8 \mathrm{M}\mathrm{W}$ PV array, producing $71.94 \mathrm{G}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{h}$ annually, with wind and PV contributing $31.3\%$ and $68.7\%,$ respectively. The system achieves a 100% renewable fraction while maintaining a high level of reliability, with unmet load and capacity shortage limited to $0.057\%$ and $0.1\%,$ respectively. The economic evaluation reveals a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.13 \mathrm{U}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{D}/\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{h}$ and a net present cost (NPC) of $\mathrm{U}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{D} 25.827 \mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}$, representing a $27.8\%$ reduction in LCOE compared to the national grid tariff. In this study, we present a novel large-scale PV/Wind system for the cement industry in Jordan, based on real data, with enhanced techno-economic performance. The innovation of this research lies in the development and optimization of a large-scale grid-connected hybrid PV/Wind system for the cement industry in Jordan, utilizing actual industrial load data and site-specific renewable energy resources. Unlike previous PV-dominated studies, the proposed system integrates a significant contribution of wind energy to improve system reliability and renewable energy penetration, reduce dependency on the national grid, and improve the overall techno-economic performance under actual industrial operating conditions. Full article

In the renewable energy-driven “green electricity–green hydrogen–green ammonia” pathway, the development of low-temperature and low-energy-consumption ammonia synthesis technologies is of great significance. In this work, a plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis system was established using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The effects of different catalysts, including Ag, Cu, γ-Al₂O₃, BaTiO₃ and Co/BaTiO₃, Ni/BaTiO₃ on ammonia synthesis performance were systematically investigated. The reaction process was analyzed using voltage–current waveforms, Lissajous figures, and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The results show that different catalytic systems have a significant influence on ammonia synthesis performance, with the promotional effect ranked as follows: Ni/BaTiO₃ > Co/BaTiO₃ > BaTiO₃ > Ag > γ-Al₂O₃ > Cu. Among them, Ni/BaTiO₃ exhibited the best performance. Under the conditions of N₂:H₂ = 1:1 and a gas flow rate of 2.5 L/min, the NH₃ synthesis rate reached 259.48 μmol/min, and the maximum energy efficiency reached 1.40 g-NH₃/kWh. Catalyst characterization results indicate that the BaTiO₃ support maintained a stable crystal structure, while the loaded metal species were highly dispersed and uniformly distributed on the support surface, which is beneficial for the adsorption and conversion of reactive species on the catalyst surface. Discharge characteristic analysis shows that the introduction of BaTiO₃ enhanced the local electric field and improved the uniformity of micro-discharges, while the further incorporation of metal active components strengthened the micro-discharge behavior. OES results reveal that the intensities of characteristic emission lines, such as NH, N₂⁺, and Hα, were significantly enhanced in the Ni/BaTiO₃ system, facilitating the formation and conversion of NH_x intermediates. The superior performance of Ni/BaTiO₃ is attributed to the coupling between BaTiO₃-induced dielectric enhancement and Ni-promoted surface hydrogenation and NH₃ desorption. This work provides mechanistic insight into catalyst-dependent DBD plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis and offers an experimental basis for the further optimization of plasma-based ammonia production. Full article

This research investigates the relationship between mineralogical composition and compressive strength in alkali-activated cement–sand mortars incorporating palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as a partial replacement of Portland cement. POFA was introduced at 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% of the binder, and activation was achieved using a NaOH–Na₂SiO₃ solution (3:1 mass ratio). Compressive strength and bulk density were evaluated at 7 and 28 days, while phase evolution was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled with Rietveld refinement. The results demonstrate that POFA incorporation significantly modified the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃ balance of the system, promoting the consumption of portlandite and the formation of Na- and K-rich aluminosilicate phases such as albite and muscovite. The control mixture exhibited the highest compressive strength values, whereas increasing POFA content reduced both strength and density due to calcium dilution, lower gel compactness, and increased porosity. Nevertheless, all mixtures exhibited progressive strength development over time, indicating continued hydration and geopolymerization reactions associated with the formation of hybrid C–(N,K)–A–S–H gels. These findings demonstrate that POFA can effectively participate in alkali-activated hybrid binders when applied at controlled replacement levels, highlighting its potential as a sustainable supplementary material for lower-carbon cementitious systems. Full article

Gypsum-based fire protection relies on thermally activated dehydration, where chemically bound water is released and evaporated, thereby providing an endothermic heat sink that delays heat penetration through assemblies. In parallel, inorganic hydrated salts are increasingly used as flame-retardant additives in gypsum-based systems to enhance heat absorption over specific temperature ranges. Fire simulation tools and performance-based fire engineering approaches require reliable kinetic data and reaction enthalpies that can be implemented as coupled thermal–chemical source terms. However, additive-specific kinetic datasets remain limited, particularly under restricted vapor exchange conditions representative of porous construction materials. This work investigates the thermal decomposition behavior and dehydration kinetics of Aluminum Trihydrate (Al(OH)₃, ATH), Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂, MDH), Calcium Aluminate Sulfate (3CaO·Al₂O₃·3CaSO₄·32H₂O, CAS), and Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate (MgSO₄·7H₂O, ESM) with emphasis on vapor-restricted conditions representative of confined porous systems. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were conducted at three heating rates (2, 10, and 20 K/min for MDH, CAS and ESM and 20, 40 and 60 K/min for GB-ATH) up to 600 °C using pinhole crucibles to simulate autogenous vapor pressure. The thermal analysis indicates that ATH and MDH exhibit predominantly single-step dehydration behavior, while ESM shows a complex multi-step mechanism. Although CAS presents a single dominant thermal peak in the DSC signal, the isoconversional analysis reveals a multi-stage reaction behavior, demonstrating that peak-based interpretation alone may be insufficient for such systems. Kinetic parameters were determined using both model-free (Starink) and model-fitting approaches in accordance with the recommendations of the Kinetics Committee of the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC). All reactions were consistently described using the Avrami–Erofeev model as an effective phenomenological representation of the conversion behavior. The extracted kinetic triplets were validated through numerical simulations, showing good agreement with experimental conversion and reaction rate data. The resulting kinetic parameters and dehydration enthalpies provide a physically consistent dataset for the description of dehydration processes under restricted vapor exchange. These results support the development of thermochemical models for gypsum-based systems; however, their transferability to full-scale assemblies remains subject to validation under coupled heat- and mass-transfer conditions. Full article

In this study, a composite powder explosion suppressant (MVTS–NaHCO₃) was prepared via the wet coating method of the solution–crystallization (WCSC) process, using modified vanadium–titanium slag (VTS) as the carrier and NaHCO₃ as the active suppressive component. A 20 L spherical explosion apparatus and a transparent pipeline explosion propagation test system were employed to investigate the effects of the composite powder explosion suppressant with different mass fractions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) on the explosion pressure and micro-mechanism of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) dust. The experimental results indicated that the MVTS–NaHCO₃ composite powder exhibited a significant suppression effect on PAN dust explosions. In the confined 20 L vessel, complete suppression was achieved when the mass fraction of the composite powder explosion suppressant exceeded 30%, with a maximum explosion pressure reduction of 53.2%. In the semi-open pipeline, 40% composite powder explosion suppressant reduced the maximum explosion pressure to 0.08 MPa (a reduction rate of 82.6%), and complete suppression was achieved at a mass fraction of 50%. Microstructural analysis revealed that the suppression performance of the composite powder explosion suppressant is attributed to the synergetic effects of physical and chemical mechanisms. Physically, NaHCO₃ decomposes endothermically (100 kJ/mol), releasing CO₂ and H₂O and thereby diluting the oxygen concentration, while the porous structure of MVTS enhances dispersibility. Chemically, the hydroxyl groups on the surface of MVTS bond with NaHCO₃, delaying its decomposition, while metal hydroxides (e.g., Al(OH)₃) decompose thermally to form Al₂O₃, which adsorbs and quenches free radicals (e.g., ·OH, ·H), thereby inhibiting chain reactions. This study provides new insights for the resource utilization of VTS and the prevention and control of industrial dust explosions. The findings have important reference value for optimizing explosion suppressant formulations and improving the intrinsic safety. Full article

We engineered a compact methanol steam reforming (MSR) system tailored to power a 1 kW High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cell. The unit integrates an evaporator, reformer, and burner within a cylindrical titanium-alloy vacuum flask to minimize parasitic heat loss. Guided by an Artificial Intelligence Complex System Response (AICSR) framework, we developed a segmented catalyst architecture that positions an optimized Pd/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst downstream of a commercial Cu–Zn catalyst bed. This spatial configuration reduces palladium consumption by >50% while maintaining a hydrogen generation rate of 8000 sccm at 250 °C. During a 40 h stability test, the system exhibited a low deactivation rate of 0.235% h⁻¹, with methanol conversion decaying gradually from 98.1% to 88.7%. The downstream PdZn intermetallic phase actively promoted the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction, restricting CO concentration to an average of 3.9% (minimum 2.5%). Achieving a system thermal efficiency of 88.589% and a 20 min startup time, this design validates AI-assisted spatial catalyst distribution as a highly viable strategy for compact hydrogen generation. Full article

An integrated Visible–Near-Infrared to Shortwave Infrared spectroscopy (VNIR–SWIR spectral), mineralogical, and geochemical study was conducted on the Shadan Au–Cu porphyry–epithermal system in the eastern Lut Block, Iran, to characterize hydrothermal alteration zonation and classify alteration–lithological units. Thirty-eight representative samples were analyzed by reflectance spectroscopy (0.35–2.50 µm), petrography, XRD (X-ray Diffraction), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS). Quantitative continuum-removal processing identified diagnostic absorption features near 0.90, 1.40, 1.90, 2.17, 2.20, 2.33, and 2.50 µm, corresponding to Fe³⁺, Al–OH, H₂O, and CO₃ absorptions. Seven alteration–lithological groups (G₁–G₇) were defined and verified by XRD and petrography, representing illite–smectic–kaolinite (argillic), alunite–dickite (advanced argillic), quartz–silicified, Fe-oxide, oxidized argillic, chlorite–epidote (propylitic), and carbonate–iron vein assemblages. Whole-rock geochemical data reveal coherent enrichments of Al₂O₃–K₂O in clay-dominant zones, Fe₂O₃ in oxide-rich areas, and CaO–MgO in carbonate-bearing assemblages. Spectral and geochemical integration delineates a vertically and laterally zoned system evolving from acidic to neutral–oxidizing conditions, typical of low-sulfidation epithermal overprints on porphyry-style magmatic centers. This multidisciplinary framework demonstrates the value of combining VNIR–SWIR spectroscopy with mineralogical and geochemical constraints for vectoring and classification of alteration systems in post-collisional volcanic belts. Full article

The escalating power density in Active Phased Array Radar has made the thermal management of Transmitter and Receiver (T/R) modules a critical bottleneck for radar performance. To address the thermal resistance of traditional cold plates, this study investigates an innovative embedded cooling strategy utilizing micro-pyramid arrays and advanced nanofluids. Thermal performance was evaluated using maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference and surface temperature standard deviation (ST). Higher pyramid density markedly enhances temperature uniformity, an effect that scales positively with the power load. Under a 100 W condition, the 8-circle micro-pyramids configuration (the densest structure with roughness Ra = 1.3) achieved a 22.58 K reduction in maximum temperature and a 22.5% improvement in temperature uniformity compared to the 2-circle structure, and outperformed the 4-circle structure by 16.98 K and 17.9%, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of nanofluids (Al₂O₃, CuO, graphene, and h-BN) is conducted and it is found that graphene nanofluid exhibits the best overall heat transfer enhancement because of its high thermal conductivity and moderate reduction in specific heat capacity. The thermal performance of the nanofluid is evaluated by comparing the maximum temperatures of the heat source at the 8-circle structure. The synergistic coupling of graphene nanofluid with the 8-circle array yields a remarkable 35.38% enhancement in temperature uniformity at 100 W. The enhancement mechanisms are mainly attributed to intrinsic thermophysical properties of the nanoparticles and convection caused by denser pyramid array. The aforementioned findings provide important guidance for the thermal management design of antenna and other high-density integrated electronic systems with embedded cold plate design demand. Full article

Hydrogen plasma heating, a unique method for heating and reducing iron ore, is distinguished by its high heat, rapid reduction, and high efficiency, making it a promising technique in the metallurgy field. In this study, a non-transferred arc plasma heating system was used with Ar-H₂ as the working gas and acidic pellets as the raw material. The microstructures and elemental distributions of the slag and iron phases during the reduction process were examined using electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray. The variation patterns of Fe-containing phases in the reduction products were found using X-ray diffraction and full-spectrum fitting refinement. The conversion rate of the oxidized pellets and the deoxidation conversion rate per area were estimated for various gas flow rates and reduction times. A reaction kinetics model was also used to study the reaction controlling step. The results showed that during the reduction process, with an H₂ flow rate of 4.5 L min⁻¹ and a 40 min reduction, the conversion(α) reached 99.89% and the purity of the reduced metallic iron reached 99.9%, achieving the industrial-grade 3N standard. Si and Al in the melt bath generated fayalite (Fe₂SiO₄) and hercynite (FeAl₂O₄) with Fe_xO. The deoxidation conversion rate per unit area was 1.11 g (cm² min)⁻¹. A three-dimensional diffusion-controlled model was used to describe the reduction process, and the mechanism function was 2/3(1 + α)^3/2[(1 + α)^1/3]⁻¹. The values of the reduction reaction rate constant (K) were 12.6 × 10⁻² s⁻¹ and 12.8 × 10⁻² s⁻¹ when the flow rates of H₂ gas were 3 and 4.5 L min⁻¹, respectively. The apparent activation energy was 21.9 kJ mol⁻¹. The empirical equation for the specific reduction rate was calculated as ln r = −2637.5/T − 0.407. Full article

Octopus mimus aquaculture has gained relevance owing to its commercial potential; however, optimization of its reproductive and growth conditions in captivity requires further study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive conditioning, morphometric growth, and water quality of this species in a controlled system. To do this, adult O. mimus were selected and kept in circular tanks with controlled temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and salinity. Weight, total length (TL), mantle length (ML), and arm length (AL) measurements were made, in addition to monitoring seawater quality throughout the conditioning cycle. Paralarvae hatching productions were recorded, and Fulton’s condition index (k) was calculated to assess octopus health. The results showed that larger females produced more paralarvae, and that temperature significantly influenced the incubation period. The morphometric relationships between TL, ML, and LA were highly correlated, particularly in females. The seawater quality, with temperatures close to 22 °C, dissolved oxygen between 7.8 and 9.2 mg/L, 7.1–8.0 pH, and salinity around 35.3 PSU, was optimal for the welfare and reproduction of octopuses. This study provides keys to the effective management of O. mimus in aquaculture, with an emphasis on the importance of proper water quality management and the selection of larger broodstock. Full article

The performance and reliability of 4H-SiC Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) are largely determined by the material properties of gate dielectric films and the quality of the dielectric/SiC interface. This paper provides a systematic review of recent progress in gate dielectric engineering for 4H-SiC MOSFETs, with emphasis on SiO₂-based gate dielectrics and high-dielectric-constant (high-k) gate dielectrics. First, for conventional thermally grown SiO₂/SiC systems, the effects of interface nitridation, gate oxide doping, and surface pretreatment techniques are comprehensively discussed. The influence mechanisms of these processes on carbon-related interface defects, interface state density and field-effect mobility are analyzed, and the advances in related research are summarized. Second, the application of high-k gate dielectrics, including Al₂O₃, HfO₂, ZrO₂, and stacked dielectric structures, in SiC MOS devices is systematically reviewed. The advantages of these materials in reducing equivalent oxide thickness, increasing gate capacitance, suppressing leakage current, and improving thermal stability are highlighted. In addition, interface defects and electrical characteristics associated with different high-k gate dielectrics are comparatively evaluated. Finally, future research directions are discussed, including in situ interface engineering based on atomic layer deposition, dopant modulation, and heterogeneous gate dielectric structures. These approaches show strong potential for achieving high mobility, low loss, and high reliability in advanced 4H-SiC power MOSFETs. Full article

The horst and graben system in Western Anatolia lies on the eastern boundary of the Aegean extensional system, one of the most active extensional zones in the world. The Şahinali coal basin is located south of the Büyük Menderes Graben, which is part of this system. This study examines the rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) geochemistry, accumulation conditions, and economic potential of the Şahinali coals. Compared to world coals, the REE concentration in Şahinali coals (208.3 ppm) is quite high, and all REY groups are slightly enriched. Light REY (LREY) is dominant compared to medium REY (MREY) and heavy REY (HREY). The most abundant element in this group is Ce, reaching a concentration of 123.3 ppm. REY distribution patterns indicate H-type enrichment in most samples and, to a lesser extent, M-H-type enrichment. Element ratios (Al₂O₃/TiO₂, TiO₂/Zr, La/Sc, Co/Th) and REY anomalies (Ce, Eu, Gd) indicate that the sedimentary input is predominantly derived from felsic rocks, with limited intermediate to mafic contributions. SEM-EDS findings and correlation analyses indicate that REY are predominantly associated with aluminosilicate minerals. LREY-Th and MREY/HREY-Y relationships are supported by monazite and Y-rich illitic K-aluminosilicates. Paleoenvironmental indicators (V/Cr, Ni/Co, U/Th, Sr/Cu, Rb/Sr, Sr/Ba) indicate that the coal accumulated under oxic–suboxic, warm and humid conditions. The average REY oxide (REO) content slightly exceeds the commonly cited 1000 ppm screening threshold for coal ash. The majority of samples contain elevated proportions of critical REY (30.7%–54.3%) and show promising outlook coefficients (C_outl: 0.8–1.7). Together, these results indicate a favourable compositional signature for preliminary REY resource screening in the Şahinali coals, particularly with respect to elements relevant for high-technology applications. Full article

Background: gemcitabine is a cytidine analog and major anticancer drug functioning as an antimetabolite. However, its administration by systemic route is accompanied by “burst” and side effects. To limit this, drugs are encapsulated in matrices; metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination polymers with strong potential for drug encapsulation and delayed release. Methods: mechano-chemical synthesis of solid-state binary complex lag(CYCU-3)(Gem) is described from aluminum MOF (Al-MOF) CYCU-3 and gemcitabine free base (Gem). Synthesis is conducted by liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) followed by its outgassing. The alternative “dry” synthesis results in dry(CYCU-3)(Gem). Materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and XRD, and delayed Gem release was tested to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. The in vitro toxicity to pancreatic cancer PANC−1 and healthy cells hTERT−HPNE E6/E7/K−RasG12D was assessed by fluorometric assay. Results: in lag(CYCU-3)(Gem) interactions MOF-drug are via non-covalent bonds at O-H and COO⁻ groups of CYCU-3 as found by FTIR marker peak shifts and crystal structure is retained, while dry(CYCU-3)(Gem) shows significant amorphization and loss of functional groups. The lag(CYCU-3)(Gem) but not dry(CYCU-3)(Gem) shows delayed Gem release for 6000 min. The suppression of PANC−1 cells by lag(CYCU-3)(Gem) is time-dependent and it correlates with delayed Gem release. For the first time, a concept of ternary stoichiometric complex lag(CYCU-3)₁(Gem)₁(CIT)₂ is tested that also contains natural organic compound citronellol (CIT), and its structure, bonding and release of Gem are compared to those of binary complex. Bonding is at the O-H groups of CYCU-3 and this complex shows delayed Gem release. Conclusions: binary and ternary complexes of Gem with CYCU-3 yield delayed release and cytotoxicity. LAG is promising for synthesis of solid-state complexes of gemcitabine for delayed release and time-dependent suppression of cancer cells. Full article

Topaz is one of the most economically important fluorine-rich nesosilicates, which are predominantly colorless in natural crystals. Hence, the trade relies almost entirely on irradiated blue topaz with an unstable color center, which has been shown to fade over time. The cobalt (Co) diffusion treatment is a stable alternative process for converting colorless topaz to blue by a solid-state diffusion mechanism. To investigate the potential role of Co²⁺ substitution in the formation of the blue layer and the coupled behavior of F/OH dehydroxylation in facilitating this process, systematic diffusion treatments have been successfully conducted and compared. In this study, gem-quality topazes were annealed in air at 1000 °C for 20–40 h (hr) along with CoO, Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and CuO powders. The diffused products were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Near-Mid Infrared spectroscopy (NMIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Parallel runs with CuO, Fe₂O₃, or Cr₂O₃ alone confirmed that none of these oxides produces a stable blue layer, underscoring the unique role of Co. The Co-diffused sample displays an intense blue layer characterized by a Co²⁺ octahedral isomorphism triplet at 540, 580, and 630 nm, which are absent from both untreated and heat-only controls. XPS analysis reveals the emergence of Co²⁺ (binding energy: 780.63 eV) and a concomitant depletion in F⁻, along with the disappearance of the OH overtone absorption at 7123 cm⁻¹. These observations confirm that defluorination generates octahedral vacancies accommodated by the coupled substitution: CoF₂ (solid reactant) + (AlO₂)⁻ (fragment of topaz structure) → AlOF (solid product) + (CoOF)⁻ (fragment of topaz structure). Prolonged annealing leads to decreased relative atomic percentages of K⁺ and F⁻ ions, consistent with volatilization losses during the high-temperature process, thereby directly correlating color intensity with cobalt valence state, which transfers from Co²⁺ to Co³⁺. These findings establish a Co-incorporation chronometer for F–rich aluminosilicate systems, with an optimal annealing time of approximately 20 hr at 1000 °C. Furthermore, the above results demonstrate that the color mechanism in nesosilicate gems is simultaneously governed by volatile release and cation availability. Full article

High-density aviation fuels and diesel-range cycloalkanes are in high demand for the transportation sector, but the development of sustainable and high-efficiency synthesis routes from biomass-derived platform chemicals remains a key challenge. High-density aviation fuel and diesel-grade cycloalkanes were successfully synthesized from biomass-derived isophorone and furfural through a continuous process of selective hydrogenation, aldol condensation, and hydrodeoxygenation reaction. (E) 2-(Furan-2-methylene)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-1-one (1A) was obtained by selective hydrogenation of isophorone to obtain 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (TMCH), which was then subjected to aldol condensation with furfural. The system studied key reaction parameters such as solvent type, temperature, catalyst type, catalyst loading, and reaction time that affect the aldol condensation of TMCH and furfural. The yield of 1A reached 98.69%, under optimized conditions using NaOH as the catalyst at a molar ratio of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone:furfural = 1:1, NaOH 0.15 g, anhydrous ethanol as the solvent, and a reaction temperature of 313 K for 1 h. A series of nickel-based catalysts supported on porous materials, including SiO₂, CeO₂, Al₂O₃, Hβ, and HZSM-5, were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These catalysts were evaluated for the hydrodeoxygenation of 1A. Among them, the 10% Ni-SiO₂ catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity, affording a C₉–C₁₄ cycloalkane yield of 88.32% and a total carbon yield of 99.6%. This work demonstrates a promising and sustainable strategy for producing branched cycloalkanes in the diesel and jet fuel range from lignocellulosic biomass-derived platform chemicals. Full article