Flame monitoring of industrial combustors with high-reliability sensors is essential to operation security and performance. An ion current flame sensor with a simple structure has great potential to be widely used, but a weak ion current is the criti...
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been competitive in Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to their high energy density and long lifetime. However, there are still issues, which have to be solved, related to the fast-charging capability of EVs. The pulsed c...
Current collectors (CCs) are an important and indispensable constituent of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and other batteries. CCs serve a vital bridge function in supporting active materials such as cathode and anode materials, binders, and conductive...
Thermionic emission sources are key components of electron impact gas ion sources used in measuring instruments, such as mass spectrometers, ionization gauges, and apparatus for ionization cross-section measurements. The repeatability of the measurem...
For a theoretical analysis of mass transfer processes in electromembrane systems, the Nernst–Planck and Poisson equations (NPP) are generally used. In the case of 1D direct-current-mode modelling, a fixed potential (for example, zero) is set on...
The construction of subways, hydroelectric stations and water substations is exposed to stray currents, which can accelerate concrete corrosion. The influence of stray currents on reinforced concrete structures is unclear. In this paper, the influenc...
In this paper, open loop and closed loop Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR) DC Current Transformers (DCCTs) for ion beam diagnostics are presented. The DCCTs employ MR sensors to measure the DC component of the accelerator’s ion beam. A comparative st...
Asymmetrically shaped nanopores have been shown to rectify the ionic current flowing through pores in a fashion similar to a p-n junction in a solid-state diode. Such asymmetric nanopores include conical pores in polymeric membranes and pyramidal por...
In this work, we use ultrasonication and chemical etching agents to assist preparation of metal current collectors with nano-scale pores on the surface. Four different current collectors (copper foil, copper foam, aluminum foil, and aluminum foam) ar...
In this study, an innovative sensor was designed to detect the key combustion parameters of the marine natural gas engine. Based on the ion current, any engine structurally modified was avoided and the real-time monitoring for the combustion process...
In the majority of applications using lithium-ion batteries, batteries are exposed to some harmonic content apart from the main charging/discharging current. The understanding of the effects that alternating currents have on batteries requires specif...
The application of advanced technologies for engine efficiency improvement and emissions reduction also increase the occurrence possibility of abnormal combustions such as incomplete combustion, misfire, knock or pre-ignition. Novel promising combust...
State of charge (SOC) estimation is an important part of a battery management system (BMS). As for small portable devices powered by lithium-ion batteries, no current sensor will be configured in BMS, which presents a challenge to traditional current...
Knock detection is critical for maintaining engine performance and preventing damage in spark-ignition engines. This study explores the use of ion current and knock indicators derived from a vibration sensor (
This study presents a theoretical investigation into the voltammetric behavior of bipolar interfacial nanopores due to the effect of potential scan rate (1–1000 V/s). Finite element method (FEM) is utilized to explore the current–voltage...
This paper aims to thoroughly investigate the potential of ion current measurements in the context of combustion process monitoring in gas turbines. The study is targeted at characterizing the dynamic behavior of a typical ion-current measurement sys...
Electrolytic copper foil is ideal for use in the anode current collectors of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its abundant reserves, good electrical conductivity, and soft texture. However, electrolytic copper foil is prone to corrosion in ele...
The need for electrical energy means batteries have a critical role in technological developments in the future. One of the most advanced types of batteries is the lithium-ion battery. The conventional charging system has the disadvantage of taking a...
Fast charging of lithium-ion battery packs involves a compromise between charging speed, temperature rise, and aggressive current profiles that may accelerate battery degradation. This paper presents a current-stress-aware fuzzy logic control framewo...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) undoubtedly are considered a viable option to meet the ever-increasing demands for portable consumer electronic devices and electric vehicles. To meet this requirement, intensive research is being conducted on increasing...
Over two-thirds of a century ago, Hodgkin and Huxley proposed the existence of voltage gated ion channels (VGICs) to carry Na+ and K+ ions across the cell membrane to create the nerve impulse, in response to depolarization of the membrane. The channe...
The critical current density Jc, which is a maximum value of zero-resistivity current density, is required to exhibit not only larger value but also lower anisotropy in a magnetic field B for applications of high-Tc superconductors. Heavy-ion irradia...
Modern battery energy systems are key enablers of the conversion of our energy and mobility sector towards renewability. Most of the time, their batteries are connected to power electronics that induce high frequency current ripple on the batteries t...
The winding process is one of the essential processes in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Current collector failure frequently occurs in the winding process, which severely increases the production cost and reduces production effici...
A hermetic dense polymer-carbon composite-based current collector foil (PCCF) for lithium-ion battery applications was developed and evaluated in comparison to state-of-the-art aluminum (Al) foil collector. Water-processed LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LMNO) catho...
Rapid development of electronic devices, ranging from personal communication devices to electric mobility solutions, has increased demand for energy storage devices not only in the production volume but also in the product functionality. Among many f...
A leakage current is the most critical parameter to characterize heavy ion radiation damage in SiC MOSFETs. An accurate and refined analysis of the source and generation process of a leakage current is the key to revealing the failure mechanism. Ther...
This study addresses the critical challenges of conductor structure fusing, thermal management failure, and thermal runaway risks in lithium-ion batteries under extreme high-amperage discharge conditions. By integrating theoretical analysis, multiphy...
Beyond portable mobile devices, lithium-ion batteries play a crucial role in electric vehicle operations and stationary grid power generation. However, the aging of lithium-ion batteries, often accelerated by extreme temperatures and load current inf...
The properties of nanopipettes largely rely on the materials introduced onto their inner walls, which allow for a vast extension of their sensing capabilities. The challenge of simultaneously enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of nanopipettes...
The global transition to electric vehicles and renewable energy systems continues to gain support from governments and investors. As a result, the demand for electric energy storage systems such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has substantially incre...
The lack of suitable lightweight current collectors is one of the primary obstacles preventing the energy density of aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) from becoming competitive. Using silver nanowire (AgNW) films as current collectors and a molec...
For high power Li-ion batteries, an important approach to improve the accuracy of modeling and algorithm development is to consider the current dependence of internal resistance, especially for large current applications in mild/median hybrid electri...
The copper current collector is an important component for lithium-ion batteries and its stability in electrolyte impacts their performance. The decomposition of LiPF6 in the electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries produces the reactive PF6, which react...
In this work, we propose a facile method for manufacturing a three-dimensional copper foil-powder sintering current collector (CFSCC) for a silicon-based anode lithium-ion battery. We found that the CFSCC is suitable as a silicon-based paste electrod...
An accurate state-of-health (SOH) estimation is vital to guarantee the safety and reliability of a lithium-ion battery management system. In application, the electrical vehicles generally start charging when the battery is at a non-zero state of char...
Conventionally, cathode current collectors for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) consist of an aluminum foil generally manufactured by a rolling process. In the present work, a novel one-step manufacturing method of structured aluminum foil current collect...
Here, we confined fluorescent probes to solid nanochannels to construct nanosensors, which not only significantly improved the reusability of the molecular probes, but also achieved ion current and fluorescence dual gating for more reliable detection...
Considering the diversity of battery data under dynamic test conditions, the stability of battery working data is affected due to the diversity of charge and discharge rates, variability of operating temperature, and randomness of the current state o...
The alterations in current-voltage and transport characteristics of highly basic and strongly acidic ion-exchange membranes, during the electrodialysis of solutions containing a heterocyclic amino acid and a strong electrolyte, were studied. An incre...
Current collectors are key components of lithium-ion batteries, providing conductive pathways and maintaining interfacial stability with the electrode materials. Conventional metal-based current collectors, such as aluminum and copper, exhibit excell...
High-frequency ripple current excitation reduces the lithium precipitation risk of batteries during self-heating at low temperatures. To study the heat generation behavior of batteries under high-frequency ripple current excitation, this paper establ...
Here, we investigate structure and mechanical change of Cu and Al current collector during cycling and analyze the contribution to capacity attenuation of Sb-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). There exists migration of C, Sb, and Li atoms to the ins...
An urgent need to decarbonize the surface transport sector has led to a surge in the electrification of passenger and heavy-duty fleet vehicles. The lack of widespread public charging infrastructure hinders this electric vehicle (EV) transition. Extr...
Battery state of health (SOH), which is a crucial parameter of the battery management system, reflects the rate of performance degradation and the aging level of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) during operation. However, traditional machine learning mod...
The adoption of silicon-graphite composites as anode materials for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries with enhanced specific capacity requires complex technological efforts in order to mitigate the problem of the quick performance fading of...
Copper foil has been widely adopted as the anode current collector in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and low cost. However, the smooth surface of copper foil often leads...
The increasing deployment of off-grid photovoltaic–battery energy storage systems (PV–BESSs) has intensified operational demands on battery energy storage, particularly when second-life lithium-ion batteries are employed. Due to aging-ind...
Segment reinforcement corrosion can cause bearing-capacity degradation of shield tunnel, which is unsafe for the metro operation. Therefore, a three-dimensional computational model was proposed in this paper to study the corrosion rate and rust expan...
Tin dioxide (SnO2)-based materials, as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have been attracting growing research attention due to the high theoretical specific capacity. However, the complex synthesis process of chemical methods and the...
of 139