Search Results (40)

Antinuclear antibodies, especially anti-DNA antibodies, are known to be a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and represent a diverse pool of autoantibodies with different origins, antigenic properties, and physicochemical features. Antibodies with catalytic properties have been found among the antibody repertoire in SLE, but the specific features and clinical associations of such antibodies have not been sufficiently studied. This study showed that chromatographically purified IgG from the serum of SLE patients effectively hydrolyzed DNA and DNA-associated proteins such as histones and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) compared to healthy individuals. Remarkably, the level of hydrolysis of DNA and DNA-associated proteins was closely correlated. At the same time, these antibodies did not hydrolyze the control protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), which does not possess DNA-binding properties. IgG DNase activity levels varied significantly, so patients were divided into high- and low-activity subgroups using the DBSCAN algorithm, with the difference between median values being greater than 49 times. The subgroup with high IgG DNase activity was characterized by an increase in anti-DNA antibodies (p < 0.04) than the subgroup with low activity, which had a shorter duration of the disease (p = 0.03) and was more often characterized by a subacute rather than a non-chronic course of the disease (p = 0.048). High catalase-like activity of IgG was also detected in SLE. Thus, the antibody pool in SLE contains not only high-affinity antinuclear autoantibodies but also catalytic antibodies capable of hydrolyzing DNA and DNA-associated proteins. These findings expand our understanding of the heterogeneity of the repertoire of catalytic autoantibodies among SLE patients. Full article

Although methotrexate (MTX) is a magnificent cure for cancerous neoplasms and inflammatory disorders, its usage is bound due to associated hazards, especially nephrotoxicity. The present study investigated the possible therapeutic impact of alogliptin (ALO), prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes, on renal injury caused by MTX and explored the mechanisms that could illustrate this suggested protective effect. Four rat groups were involved: control, ALO (20 mg/kg/d, intragastrically (I.G.)) for ten days, MTX, and MTX + ALO groups. The latter two groups were given MTX (20 mg/kg, I.P.) on the 7th day, while the MTX + ALO group was administered ten days of 20 mg/kg of ALO. A significant impairment in renal function, catalase activity, reduced glutathione content, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions, coupled with an increase in kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and cleaved caspase-3 (c-caspase-3) expressions, was observed in MTX-intoxicated rats, evidenced by remarkable deterioration in renal construction. Conversely, ALO improved renal function and architecture. Moreover, ALO retrieved the oxidative balance, the attenuated Nrf2/HO-1 expression, and the elevated KIM-1, TNF-α, and c-caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, ALO might abrogate MTX-elicited kidney damage by rectifying the deviation in oxidative status, apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, paving the way for managing MTX-induced nephrotoxicity. Full article

Previously, research adopted an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to isolate crude polysaccharide from blackened jujube, followed by preliminary structural identification of the purified polysaccharide (BJP). This manuscript analyzed the accurate structure and immunomodulatory activity of BJP. Further structural identification indicated that BJP was mainly composed of →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-D-GalpA-(1→, →2,4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-GalpA-(1→, →3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ and →3,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. The immunomodulatory effects of BJP were examined using a mouse model with immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide. The findings suggested that BJP could relieve the condition of immunosuppressed mice. BJP could inhibit decreases in the body weight and organ index of mice, and HE staining showed that BJP could alleviate the harm to spleen and thymus tissues. BJP enhanced the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum. It also reduced liver oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) activities, while lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, BJP contributed to the maintenance of gut homeostasis by stimulating the generation of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal contents. The study aims to establish a solid basis for the comprehensive development of blackened jujube and furnish a theoretical framework for its polysaccharides’ role in immune modulation. Full article

This study evaluated the inhibitory activity of quercetin at sub-inhibitory concentrations on quorum-sensing (QS) molecules in vitro and the effects of dietary supplementation with quercetin (for 24 consecutive days) on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in weaned piglets. The piglets were fed one of three diets: the basal diet (Con), ETEC challenge (K88) after the basal diet, or ETEC challenge (quercetin + K88) after the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% quercetin. In vitro experiments revealed that 5 mg/mL quercetin exhibited the strongest QS inhibitory activity and reduced pigment production by Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472 by 67.70%. In vivo experiments revealed that quercetin + K88 significantly increased immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the serum, ileum mucosa, and colon mucosa; increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the serum, liver, and colon mucosa; and decreased cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)activity in the serum compared with K88 alone. Quercetin + K88 significantly alleviated pathological damage to the liver and spleen and upregulated antioxidant genes (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), CAT, SOD, and glutathione s-transferase (GST)). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and kelch-like ech-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which cause oxidative damage to the liver and spleen, were significantly downregulated. The acetic acid content in the cecum was significantly increased, and the E. coli count and QS signal molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) yield were significantly reduced. In conclusion, 0.2% dietary quercetin can alleviate ETEC-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in weaned piglets. Full article

Phytosterols (PSs) are widely present in plants, particularly abundant in plant oils and seeds. PSs are reported to have various biological activities, such as lowering cholesterol, alongside antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This research examined the effects of PSs in finishing pigs, including growth performance, serum biochemistry, and fecal bacteria. Two treatment groups (each treatment group consisted of five biological replicates, and each replicate comprised five pigs housed communally) were randomly assigned to the fifty finishing pigs (equally divided by sex) of “Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire” three-way cross with 79.76 ± 1.29 (kg) body weight. The control group (CON) was given basic food, while the experimental group was given basic food containing 300 mg PS/kg (PS). Dietary PS supplementation markedly raised the levels of average daily feed intake (ADFI) and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and gross energy (GE) in comparison to the CON (p < 0.05). Additionally, PSs also significantly boosted the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total protein (TP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), immunoglobulin G (IgG), motilin (MTL), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (p < 0.05), and lowered the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (p < 0.05). Both at the phyla and genus levels, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Streptococcus increased significantly, and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter decreased significantly when adding phytosterols (p < 0.05). Overall, phytosterols dietary supplementation promotes immunity and antioxidant capacity in finishing pigs and boosts growth performance by improving nutrient digestibility. Full article

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, the association of immune responses to bacterial exposure with advancing stages of colorectal neoplasia was assessed by multiplex serology. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G antibody responses to thirteen proteins of H. pylori were measured by a Luminex-based multiplex assay in plasma from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 25), advanced adenoma (n = 82), or small polyps (n = 85) and controls (n = 100). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of bacterial seropositivity with colorectal neoplasia. The threshold for overall seropositivity required subjects to be positive for at least 4 out of the 13 tested antigens. In a cohort subset with matched data (n = 34), H. pylori seropositivity was correlated with bacterial abundance in both neoplastic and matched normal tissue. While no association was found between H. pylori seropositivity and the presence of CRC, IgA seropositivity to CagA was associated with a decreased risk of advanced adenoma (odds ratio, OR = 0.48, 95% confidence intervals, CIs: 0.24–0.96). Regarding IgG, higher antibody responses to HpaA was associated with advanced adenoma occurrence (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.00–6.01), while responses to HP0395, CagA and Catalase were associated with polyp development (OR = 2.65, 95%, CI: 1.31–5.36, OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01–3.32, and OR = 2.16, CI: 1.09–4.29, respectively). Positive correlations were found between H. pylori abundance in the normal mucosa and levels of both the IgA and IgG antibody response to Catalase and VacA antigens (r = 0.48, p < 0.01; r = 0.37, p = 0.04; r = 0.51, p < 0.01; and r = 0.71, p = 0.04, respectively). Conversely, H. pylori abundance was negatively correlated with levels of IgA antibody response to HpaA and with IgG antibody response to HP0231 in the diseased tissue (r = −0.34, p = 0.04 and r = −0.41, p = 0.01, respectively). The association between levels of H. pylori antigens and colorectal neoplasia risk gradually decreased with the adenoma progression, implicating the early activation of the immune response at the polyp stage. Thus, the evaluation of antibody response to certain bacterial antigens may indicate the presence of early-stage colorectal neoplasia. Further studies are needed to clarify the role H. pylori or the immune response to its antigens may have in colorectal carcinogenesis stages. Full article

Immune deficiency is a prevalent issue among kittens, severely threatening their health and development by increasing susceptibility to infections and diseases. This study investigates the effects of dietary supplements containing lactoferrin and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on the immune function, intestinal health, and microbiota composition of kittens. The results demonstrate that these supplements significantly enhance immune responses, with immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels increasing by 14.9% and IgG levels by 14.2%. Additionally, there was a notable 28.7% increase in catalase activity, indicating a reduction in oxidative stress. Gastrointestinal (GI) health improved markedly, evidenced by increased populations of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, which rose from 4.13% to 79.03% over the study period. The DNC group also showed significant reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including decreases of 13.94% in IL-2, 26.46% in TNF-α, and 19.45% in IFN-γ levels. Furthermore, improvements in physical conditions were observed, including enhanced coat condition and mental status. These findings underline the potential of lactoferrin and L. plantarum as effective dietary interventions to improve kitten health, thereby reducing dependency on antibiotics and mitigating associated risks. This research provides a scientific foundation for optimizing nutritional management practices to enhance the overall vitality of kittens during their critical growth phases. Full article

Aquaculture has become one of the most attractive food production activities as it provides high-quality protein for the growing human population. However, the abiotic chronic stress of fish in intensive fish farming leads to a detrimental condition that affects their health and somatic growth, comprising productive performance. This work aims to comprehensively review the impact of alternative and novel dietary protein sources on fish somatic growth, metabolism, and antioxidative capacity under environmental/abiotic stressors. The documental research indicates that ingredients from rendered animal by-products, insects, bacteria as single-cell proteins, and fungal organisms (e.g., yeast, filamentous fungus, and mushrooms) benefit fish health and performance. A set of responses allows fish growth, health, and survival to remain unaffected by feeding with alternative ingredients during chronic environmental stress. Those ingredients stimulate the production of enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and selenoproteins that counteract ROS effects. In addition, the humoral immune system promotes immunoglobulin production (IgM) and cortisol plasmatic reduction. Further investigation must be carried out to establish the specific effect by species. Additionally, the mixture and the pre-treatment of ingredients such as hydrolysates, solid fermentations, and metabolite extraction potentialize the beneficial effects of diets in chronically stressed fish. Full article

Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) has many physiological functions and is potentially helpful in maintaining poultry health, but its specific effect on the growth of broilers is not yet known. This research investigated the effects of dietary Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 288 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were divided into four treatment groups (72 broilers/group), each with six replicates of 12 broilers. The broilers were given a basal diet of corn–soybean meal supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg TCE for 56 d. The results demonstrated that, compared with the basal diet, the addition of TCE significantly increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the final body weight and overall weight gain and performance and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio in the overall period. Dietary TCE increased (linear, p < 0.05) the levels of IgM, IL-4, and IL-10 and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IL-6 in the serum. Dietary TCE increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the levels of IL-2 and IL-4, decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IL-1β, and decreased (linear, p < 0.05) the level of IL-6 in the liver. Dietary TCE increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IgM and IL-10, increased (linear, p < 0.05) the level of IgG, and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the spleen. Supplementation with TCE linearly and quadratically increased (p < 0.05) the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity activities while decreasing (p < 0.05) the malonic dialdehyde concentrations in the serum, liver, and spleen. TCE-containing diets for broilers resulted in a higher (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) villus height, a higher (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and a lower (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) crypt depth compared with the basal diet. TCE significantly increased (linear, p < 0.05) the acetic and butyric acid concentrations and decreased (quadratic, p < 0.05) the isovaleric acid concentration. Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides, which regulate the richness and diversity of microorganisms, were more abundant and contained when TCE was added to the diet. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that supplementing broilers with TCE could boost their immune function, antioxidant capacity, and gut health, improving their growth performance; they could also provide a reference for future research on TCE. Full article

This study is designed to evaluate the effects of dietary red macroalgae (Galaxaura oblongata) on growth performance, serum, and skin mucus immunological and antioxidant responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this, rainbow trout were fed diets containing different levels of G. oblongata (0 (ctrl), 0.5 (G1), and 1 (G2) %) for 8 weeks. Following the feeding trial, there were no significant differences in growth performance between the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). Total immunoglobulin (Ig) content and lysozyme (LYZ) activity in serum were increased in fish fed G. oblongata (p < 0.05), with the highest value at (0.5%). Regardless of the inclusion level, mucus total Ig levels were significantly increased in the G. oblongata groups (p < 0.05), and mucus LYZ activity was not changed (p > 0.05). All groups fed G. oblongata showed higher serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities than the control group (p < 0.05). However, skin mucus SOD activity increased more in the group fed 1% of G. oblongata than the other groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the skin mucus GPx activity showed higher values in the group fed 0.5 and 1% G. oblongata than in the control (p < 0.05). No significant differences were recognized between the experimental treatments in terms of CAT activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p > 0.05). G. oblongata up-regulated gpx gene expression with the maximum value at the group fed 1% G. oblongata (p < 0.05). Additionally, interleukin 6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) gene expressions were significantly up-regulated in fish fed 1% compared with the control and 0.5% groups. Based on the results, 0.5–1% G. oblongata can be used in the fish diet and enhance immunity without causing impairment in growth. Full article

The hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) is a new species of grouper crossed from giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) as the male parent and brown-marbled grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) as the female parent. We hypothesized that optimal levels of dietary protein may benefit liver function. High-lipid diets are energetic feeds that conserve protein and reduce costs, and are a hot topic in aquaculture today. Therefore, the objective of the research is to investigated the effects of dietary protein level in high-lipid diets on serum and liver biochemistry, liver histology, and liver immune and antioxidant indexes and gene mRNA expression of the juvenile hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus). Six iso-lipidic (161 g/kg) diets were formulated containing graded levels of protein (510 as control, 480,450, 420, 390 and 360 g/kg). Each treatment consisted of three replicates and 30 fish (6.70 ± 0.02 g) in one replicate. After an 8-week feeding experiment, the results indicated the following: (1) With the decreasing of dietary protein level, the specific growth rate (SGR) of groupers increased gradually and then decreased; SGRs of the 390 and 360 g/kg groups were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.05). (2) In terms of serum and liver, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) content, and the activity of immune enzymes such as lysozyme (LYS) and immunoglobulin (IgM) was significantly increased under the appropriate protein level. (3) Based on liver histology, we know that high or low dietary protein levels cause liver damage. (4) Dietary protein levels can significantly affect the mRNA expression levels of an anti-inflammatory factor gene (tgfβ), pro-inflammatory factor genes (il6, il8), heat shock proteins, and antioxidant and immune genes (hsp70 and hsp90, gpx, nrf2, keap1). It is concluded that the appropriate protein level can promote the growth performance of groupers, improve antioxidant activity and immune enzyme activity in serum and liver, and enhance the expression of immune genes. Full article

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of different dietary lipid levels on the serum biochemistry, antioxidant responses, initial immunity, and mTOR pathway of juvenile genetic improvement-farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Six groups of the juveniles (initial body weight 20.66 ± 1.33 g) in triplicate were fed for 90 days using six iso-nitrogen diets with different lipid levels (0.35%, 3.35%, 6.35%, 9.35%, 12.35%, and 15.35%). The main results were as follows: Compared with the control group (0.35%), the diets with different lipid supplementation significantly improved (p < 0.05) the contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), complement 3 (C3), and immunoglobulin M (IgM), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), lysozyme (LYZ), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the expression level of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Akt protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) genes in juvenile tilapia. However, diets with different lipid supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the expression level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes of juvenile tilapia. In conclusion, the with different lipid supplementation could significantly affect the serum biochemistry, antioxidant responses, initial immunity, and mTOR pathway of juvenile tilapia. Full article

(1) Background: Seed storage mobilization, together with oxidative metabolism, with the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle as a crucial signaling and metabolic functional crossroad, is one of the main regulators of the control of cell morphogenesis and division, a fundamental physiological process driving seed germination and seedling growth. This study aims to characterize the cellular changes, composition, and patterns of the protein mobilization and ROS-dependent gene expression of redox metabolism in Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin, NLL) cotyledons during seed germination. (2) Methods: We performed gene expression analyses via RT-qPCR for conglutins α (1, 2, and 3), β (1, 2, and 5), γ (1, 2), and δ (2 and 4), including a ubiquitin gene as a control, and for redox metabolism-related genes; GADPH was used as a control gene. A microscopic study was developed on cotyledon samples from different germination stages, including as IMB (imbibition), and 2–5, 7, 9, and 11 DAI (days after imbibition), which were processed for light microscopy. SDS-PAGE and immunocytochemistry assays were performed using an anti-β-conglutin antibody (Agrisera), and an anti-rabbit IgG Daylight 488-conjugated secondary antibody. The controls were made while omitting primary Ab. (3) Results and Discussion: Our results showed that a large amount of seed storage protein (SSP) accumulates in protein bodies (PBs) and mobilizes during germination. Families of conglutins (β and γ) may play important roles as functional and signaling molecules, beyond the storage function, at intermediate steps of the seed germination process. In this regard, metabolic activities are closely associated with the regulation of oxidative homeostasis through AsA-GSH activities (γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase, NOS, Catalase, Cu/Zn-SOD, GPx, GR, GS, GsT) after the imbibition of NLL mature seeds, metabolism activation, and dormancy breakage, which are key molecular and regulatory signaling pathways with particular importance in morphogenesis and developmental processes. (4) Conclusions: The knowledge generated in this study provides evidence for the functional changes and cellular tightly regulated events occurring in the NLL seed cotyledon, orchestrated by the oxidative-related metabolic machinery involved in seed germination advancement. Full article

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation with TpFe (tapioca polysaccharide iron) on reproductive performance, colostrum composition, cord blood active components of sows, and growth performance of their nursing piglets. Sixty healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to three groups at day 85 of gestation. The experimental diets included a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg FeSO₄·H₂O (CON group), the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg TpFe (TpFe50 group), and the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg TpFe (TpFe100 group), as calculated by Fe content. The experiment lasted from day 85 of gestation to the end of weaning (day 21 of lactation). Results showed that maternal supplementation with 100 mg/kg TpFe improved (p < 0.05) feed intake during lactation, live births, and birth weight of the litter (alive) and increased (p < 0.05) colostrum IgM (immunoglobulin m), IgA (immunoglobulin A), as well as the IgG levels, while it decreased (p < 0.05) the urea nitrogen and somatic cell count of sows. Moreover, sows in the TpFe100 group had higher (p < 0.05) serum iron levels and IgG. Additionally, maternal supplementation with 100 mg/kg TpFe increased (p < 0.05) iron level, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase (CAT), IgG, red blood cells (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) of cord blood, similar with the iron content, T-AOC, GSH-px, IgG, RBC, Hb, hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of weaned piglet blood. The diarrhea and mortality rates among the nursing piglets were decreased (p < 0.05), while the average weight at day 21 of age was increased (p < 0.05) in the TpFe100 group. Serum PRL (prolactin) levels of sows exhibited a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with live births. Suckling piglet diarrhea was positively correlated with colostrum urea nitrogen level but negatively correlated with colostrum IgM, IgG, and cord blood Hb content (p < 0.05). The mortality of suckling piglets was negatively correlated with serum iron content and IgM in colostrum, GSH-px, and IgG in cord serum of sows (p < 0.05). The average weight of weaning piglets was positively (p < 0.05) related to colostrum IgM and IgG levels, as well as cord serum RBC counts of sows on day 21. In conclusion, maternal supplementation with TpFe can improve the active components of colostrum and umbilical cord blood and improve the growth performance of suckling piglets. Full article

An 8-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaf extract (GLE) on the growth, oxidative enzymatic activities, immunity, and expression of antioxidant genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three hundred and sixty zebrafish were supplied and fed with different levels of GLE: 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g kg⁻¹. The dietary administration of 1 g kg⁻¹ of GLE significantly increased growth parameters in fish. Fish fed diets with GLE showed increased total protein. The total Ig and lysozyme activity significantly changed in the whole-body serum, but not in skin mucus. GLE significantly increased Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities compared to the control diet. GLE treatments caused a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In the skin mucus, only CAT and SOD activities significantly increased. The highest expression of Toll-like receptor-1 (TLR-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) genes was achieved in fish fed 2 g kg⁻¹ of GLE. CAT and SOD gene expressions were significantly higher in fish fed 1 and 2 g kg⁻¹ of GLE. GPx gene expression was significantly higher in fish fed 1 g kg⁻¹ of GLE. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that GLE affects growth performance and regulates antioxidant and immune gene expression. The determination of the optimum dosage merits further research. Full article