Search Results (166)

Exposure to high altitudes for hours or days is defined as acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH) condition, which rapidly engages adjustments such as signaling pathways involving inflammation, immune modulation and oxidative stress, whose dysregulation has been described as contributing to the pathophysiology of high-altitude illnesses, due to insufficient acclimatization, such as developing acute mountain sickness (AMS). Given its traditional high-altitude use and bioactive properties, Senecio nutans (S. nutans) extract, or chachacoma (CH), has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate high-altitude related pathobiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of S. nutans on acclimatization, regarding the status of oxidative stress, inflammation, immune and symptoms associated with AMS in an animal model exposed to AHH. Twenty-eight female Wistar rats (≈3 months old) were randomly allocated into four experimental groups (n = 7 each): normobaric normoxia (NX), normobaric normoxia plus S. nutans administration (NX+CH), acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH; 48 h exposure), and acute hypobaric hypoxia plus S. nutans administration (AHH+CH). S. nutans was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 80 mg/kg, one hour prior to hypoxic exposure. Outcomes included body weight, food intake, hematological parameters, lung histopathology, pulmonary mRNA expression of HIF-1α, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF, and lipid peroxidation in lung tissue assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. After 48 h of AHH, animals exhibited a decrease in body weight and food intake, increase in hematocrit level and total leukocytes, as well as lung injury characterized by thickening of alveolar walls and inflammatory infiltrates. In addition, AHH induced an increase in pulmonary IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression. In contrast, S. nutans administration partially attenuated hypoxia-induced body weight loss, mitigated the rise in hematocrit levels, and reduced lung damage, while returning total leukocyte counts to control levels. Notably, S. nutans also decreased the hypoxia-induced overexpression of IL-6 and IL-1β. Regarding lipid peroxidation, no significant differences were observed among groups. These findings suggest that S. nutans exerts a protective effect against acute hypobaric hypoxia by attenuating inflammatory responses and preserving pulmonary structure, thereby supporting its potential as a preventive strategy to mitigate early pathophysiological alterations associated with high-altitude exposure. Full article

The integration of advanced semiconductor architectures strictly mandates process thermal budgets below 200 °C, positioning low-temperature PECVD of silicon nitride (SiN_x) film as a critical layer. However, SiN_x film deposited at sub-200 °C inherently exhibits sluggish deposition kinetics and degraded spatial uniformity. To overcome these bottlenecks, this study systematically investigates the regulatory mechanisms of the NH₃ precursor within SiH₄/N₂-based plasmas under varying chamber pressures and substrate temperatures. The results show that the introduction of NH₃ at 2.1 Torr, leveraging its facile plasma dissociation, drastically enhances the deposition rate from 18.2 to 39.1 Å/s and improves thickness uniformity by 1.07%. Meanwhile, NH₃ supplies abundant highly reactive radicals that elevate the refractive index and reinforce compressive stress. Furthermore, film properties exhibit a higher sensitivity to pressure than to temperature, primarily due to the pronounced influence of pressure on plasma dynamics and collision frequencies, whereas the effect of temperature remains comparatively minor. This phenomenon is clearly demonstrated by the Si–H and N–H content. This study validates that operating at low chamber pressures maximizes the collision-free travel distance of SiN_x radicals, providing an optimized and quantified process window for high-volume manufacturing of low-temperature SiN_x film. Full article

Avian influenza remains a major threat to poultry production, wildlife conservation, and public health in Asia, where migratory birds, wetlands, rice paddies, domestic ducks, and live poultry trade often intersect. This Asia-focused review synthesizes ecological, epidemiological, surveillance, tracking, phylogenetic, and environmental evidence from 1996 to 2025, with particular emphasis on China, to clarify how risk develops at the wild bird–domestic poultry interface. The reviewed evidence suggests three broad epidemic phases: early Goose/Guangdong-lineage H5N1 outbreaks before 2014, recurrent clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx expansions during 2014–2019, and the widespread clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 period since 2020. Spatial risk is concentrated around major stopover wetlands and rice-paddy–duck landscapes, including Qinghai Lake, Poyang Lake, Sanmenxia, the Sanjiang Plain, and peri-urban market belts. Wetlands and paddies can maintain viruses environmentally, free-grazing ducks and bridge hosts can facilitate introduction, and live poultry markets and trade networks can amplify and export risk. By organizing these processes through an Interface–Amplifier–Conduit evidence-mapping approach, this review highlights setting-specific priorities, including seasonal wetland surveillance, closed farm-water systems, improved market hygiene, and better integration of ecological and genomic data for early warning and control. Full article

The genetic and antigenic diversity of H5Nx HPAI Gs/GD lineage continues to be a great challenge facing conventional inactivated vaccines. To overcome this challenge, a recombinant herpes virus of turkey (rHVT) vaccine expressing the viral protein 2 (VP2) of infectious bursal disease (IBD) and H5, rHVT+IBD+H5, was developed using computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) technology. In the current study, the protective efficacy of a commercially available vector trivalent vaccine rHVT+IBD+H5 using COBRA technology was assessed. A total of 120 commercial broilers were divided equally into six groups (G1B–G6B). The chickens in G1B–G3B were challenged with the most recent circulating HPAI-H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4.b Egyptian isolate (GenBank accession No. OQ933425) at 28 days old (DO), while the chickens in G4B and G5B were kept as vaccinated (as G1B and G2B, respectively) and non-challenged, and G6B was the non-vaccinated non-challenged group. In G1B, the chickens were vaccinated with Vaxxitek^® rHVT+IBD+H5 at 1 DO and boostered with a commercially available subunit Baculovirus bivalent inactivated H5+ND (Volvac^® B.E.S.T AI+ND) at 10 DO and had a 100% survival rate. The standalone vaccinated chicken G2B, using rHVT+IBD+H5 at 1 DO, had a highly significant survival rate (90%) vs. 0% (100% mortality) in the non-vaccinated challenged control, G3B. All the vaccinated groups had higher seroconversion at 45 DO especially using H5-coated antigen plates for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The viral shedding titers and time were evaluated using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the collected oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days post-challenge (DPC). In conclusion, vaccination with rHVT+IBD+H5 either as a standalone or when boostered with subunit Baculovirus bivalent inactivated ND+H5 resulted in 90 and 100% protection, respectively, without significant difference in the quantity and duration of viral shedding between both groups against HPAI-H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4.b experimental challenge in broilers. Full article

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), caused by the PED virus (PEDV), remains one of the most devastating diseases in the swine industry, with a mortality rate approaching 90–100% in suckling piglets due to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Passive immunization with egg yolk antibodies (IgY) represents a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we developed a novel recombinant adenovirus, rADM-IFN-G-ped, co-expressing selected antigenic regions of the PEDV S protein and chicken interferon-gamma (ChIFN-γ) as a molecular adjuvant. Laying hens were immunized with this construct to produce PEDV-specific IgY, which was subsequently purified from eggs using a polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) precipitation method. The induced IgY demonstrated potent neutralizing activity against PEDV in vitro, with a neutralization titer (NT₅₀) of 1:96, which was significantly higher than that of IgY derived from hens immunized with a commercial inactivated PEDV G2b vaccine (NT₅₀ = 1:52). In a passive immunization and challenge trial, piglets treated with the rADM-IFN-G-ped-derived IgY exhibited significantly reduced fecal viral RNA shedding following challenge with the virulent PEDV-NX-2022 strain, compared to control groups. Crucially, while all piglets in the challenge control group succumbed to infection within 72 h, a 50% survival rate was achieved in the IgY-treated group. Histopathological examination of intestinal tissues further confirmed the protective efficacy, showing that IgY treatment markedly alleviated villous atrophy, epithelial necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the small intestine. These findings demonstrate that vaccination of laying hens with the rADM-IFN-G-ped recombinant adenovirus elicits a robust immune response, enabling the production of protective IgY. This proof-of-concept study establishes the viability of the multi-epitope adenoviral IgY platform as a passive immunization strategy against PEDV. Full article

Underground duct cables are widely used in urban power distribution systems, but their enclosed installation environment makes defect inspection difficult, labor-intensive, and potentially hazardous. Infrared thermography can capture abnormal temperature distributions caused by insulation degradation, conductor damage, sheath failure, or severe structural defects, while robot-based inspection provides a promising solution for confined duct environments. However, thermographic fault detection for underground small-diameter duct cables remains insufficiently studied, and practical deployment requires lightweight models suitable for embedded edge devices. In this study, an improved YOLO26-based thermographic fault detection framework is proposed for underground duct cable inspection. A Cable-Thermo dataset is constructed using an ANSYS 2025 R2-based thermoelectric coupling simulation, covering four defect categories: hollow-type damage, conductor burnout, sheath damage, and severe damage. To balance detection accuracy and deployment efficiency, two model variants are developed. YOLO26-Thermo-E retains the original detection scales and integrates CDA and SimSPPF modules for accuracy-prioritized diagnosis. YOLO26-Thermo-H further removes the small-scale detection branch as a deployment-oriented design choice, based on the scale distribution observed in the simulation dataset, where most fault-induced thermal anomalies appear as spatially continuous medium- or large-scale regions. This design assumption still requires further validation using real duct thermographic data. Experiments show that YOLO26-Thermo-E achieves the highest mAP50 of 99.20%. YOLO26-Thermo-H maintains a mAP50 of 99.00% while reducing GFLOPs by 34.3% and parameters by 16.2% compared with YOLO26. On an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX, YOLO26-Thermo-H reaches 34 FPS under FP16 inference and 45 FPS under INT8 inference. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework under controlled simulation conditions and its potential for edge deployment. The limitations of the simulation-based dataset are also discussed, and future work will focus on real-scene data collection and simulation-to-real generalization. Full article

Background/Objectives: Advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) remains incurable, with no established optimal sequence of targeted therapies due to interpatient heterogeneity and acquired resistance. We developed a luciferase-enabled patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) avatar platform to evaluate sequential targeted therapies in individualized aRCC models that recapitulate tumor architecture, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and PD-L1 expression. Methods: Tumor specimens from two renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients were expanded subcutaneously in NOD/SCID mice, transduced with luciferase/red fluorescent protein (Luc/RFP), and orthotopically implanted into mouse kidneys (KiCa-Pt58: sarcomatoid RCC, pT3aN1M1, Fuhrman grade 4; KiCa-Pt118: clear cell RCC with sarcomatoid component, pT3aNxM0, Fuhrman grade 4, respectively). Tumor growth and metastasis were monitored weekly by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Mice were randomized into vehicle control or four sequential treatment groups (Everolimus→Sunitinib [E→S], Sunitinib→Everolimus [S→E], Pazopanib→Sunitinib [P→S], Pazopanib→Everolimus [P→E]). Drugs were administered orally three times weekly until resistance (>200% BLI increase), with one switch. At necropsy, tumor burden, ex vivo BLI metastasis, weights, H&E histology, and immunohistochemistry (Ki67, CD44, CD31, PD-L1) were assessed. Results: Two independent experiments were performed. In dosing optimization, PDOX tumors recapitulated parental histology and proliferative indices, mirroring patient trajectories. KiCa-Pt58 (metastatic sarcomatoid RCC; deceased 1-month post-nephrectomy) showed aggressive features: rapid engraftment at low doses, early growth (week 2), and lung metastases in 78% of mice (sacrifice day 34), reflecting a fulminant course. KiCa-Pt118 (non-metastatic; patient recurrence-free >8 years post nephrectomy) exhibited indolent behavior: delayed engraftment requiring higher doses plus lymph node stromal (HK) support, slower growth (week 4), no metastases, and later sacrifice (day 78), consistent with remission. In sequential therapy evaluation, for KiCa-Pt58, P→E yielded greatest reductions in tumor weight (p < 0.01), lung metastases (p < 0.01), Ki67+ proliferation, CD31+ angiogenesis, and PD-L1 expression versus control; E→S and S→E were also effective. For KiCa-Pt118, S→E and P→E reduced tumor burden (p < 0.01) and Ki67⁺ proliferation; S→E lowered CD31 and PD-L1. Conclusions: This RCC PDOX platform faithfully preserves patient-specific biology—including metastatic propensity, engraftment efficiency, growth kinetics, and stromal dependency—while enabling real-time evaluation of sequential targeted therapies. Given the limited number of models tested, these findings provide proof-of-concept for individualized treatment exploration in advanced RCC and support future investigation of rational combinations with immune checkpoint blockade in humanized or immunocompetent systems. Full article

Background/Objectives: Peripheral(-muscle) oxygenation assessed with near-infrared spectroscopy might serve as an early marker of infection/inflammation; however, evidence of its clinical relevance is lacking so far. This study aimed to develop a peripheral(-muscle) oxygenation and perfusion score (POP-Score) using the peripheral(-muscle) tissue oxygenation index (pTOI) combined with non-invasive monitoring parameters within six hours after birth. The POP-Score was designed to explore associations with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), as an early infection/inflammation marker, in term and late-preterm neonates. Methods: Secondary outcome parameters from a prospective observational study were analysed. Included neonates weighed ≥2000 g with respiratory distress, excluding those with umbilical artery pH < 7.20. Neonates with CRP ≥ 20 mg/L were 1:4-matched to those with CRP < 20 mg/L by gestational age (±2 weeks). For pTOI measurements, a sensor was placed for a duration of 30 s, followed by four further reapplications of the sensor, using the NIRO200NX within the first six hours after birth. The POP-Score was established using the following formula: (pTOI [%] × subcutaneous fat layer thickness [cm] × heart rate [bpm])/(arterial oxygen saturation [%] × systolic blood pressure [mmHg]). POP-Score was correlated with the highest CRP within 48 h. Results: Thirty neonates were included (median gestational age: 39.1 weeks [CRP < 20 mg/L group] vs. 37.3 weeks [CRP ≥ 20 mg/L group], p = 0.299; median birth weight: 3561 g vs. 3260 g, p = 0.058, respectively). Median POP-Scores were significantly different: 1.11 (CRP ≥ 20 mg/L) vs. 0.85 (CRP < 20 mg/L), p < 0.001. POP-Score correlated positively with CRP (r = 0.341; p = 0.070). In this small exploratory cohort, a POP-Score cut-off of 1.00 was associated with CRP ≥ 20 mg/L (100% sensitivity and 87% specificity); however, these estimates are uncertain due to the limited sample size. Conclusions: This study is the first to describe a new score for peripheral(-muscle) oxygenation and perfusion (POP-Score), which may represent a potential approach for early, non-invasive assessment but requires validation in adequately powered studies before any clinical application. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, Trial registration number: NCT04818762, Date of Registration: 26 March 2021. Full article

Formic acid (FA) has emerged as a promising liquid hydrogen storage material, yet efficient photothermal dehydrogenation catalysts with high activity and H₂ selectivity remain challenging. Herein, a polymetallic synergistic PdCu/M-ZNC (where M represents the co-doped In, Sn and Mo species) is fabricated by molten-salt-assisted pyrolysis of ZIF-8 precursors followed by metal incorporation. The unique molten salt environment effectively preserves the porous architecture of ZIF-8, enabling the secure anchoring of PdCu alloy nanoparticles onto the carbonaceous matrix enriched with M-N_x coordination sites. Under light irradiation, the PdCu alloy sites kinetically accelerated the overall adsorption and activation of FA molecules. Based on empirical observations and corroborated by the established literature, this alloying effect was inferred to facilitate the C-H bond cleavage and HCOO* desorption processes. Concurrently, the M-N_x sites act as efficient electron transfer channels, facilitating the rapid coupling of photogenerated electrons with protons (H⁺) to evolve H₂. Consequently, the optimal catalyst exhibits an enhancement in gaseous product yield (404.46 mmol/g/h) and H₂ selectivity (67.49%) at 75 °C. This work offers a catalyst design that aligns with several principles of green chemistry: it maximizes the atom utilization of precious Pd, incorporates synergistic non-precious metals within MOF-derived frameworks to enhance stability, and leverages solar energy to drive hydrogen production under mild conditions, presenting a more sustainable pathway for hydrogen release from liquid carriers. Full article

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are among the most common sources of new pandemic strains in humans. Spillover from birds to mammals can lead to viral adaptation in new hosts, as seen with IAV H5N1. H5N2 viruses have also been transmitted successfully to humans through contact with infected birds and poultry. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of antibodies against H5Nx viruses in serum samples from a Mexican adult population (n = 476) using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The analysis included comparisons between sex and age groups. Potential epitopes recognized in the H5 proteins of each strain were predicted using Ellipro. We detected antibodies against H5N1 in 2.5% of the samples, with the highest HI titers of 1:64. The proportion of positive samples for H5N2 2006 was higher (18.9%) than for H5N2 2024 (10.7%). The oldest groups (>50 years old) showed the highest proportion of positives for both viruses, whereas the youngest was for H5N1. These results demonstrate a low proportion of cross-reactive antibodies against the IAV H5N1. Full article

A series of silica-supported, nitrogen-doped carbon-encapsulated cobalt–nickel alloy catalysts (Co_xNi_y@NC/SiO₂) was successfully synthesized and systematically evaluated for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of 1-nitronaphthalene to 1-naphthylamine. Physicochemical characterization confirmed that the incorporation of nickel promotes the formation of Co–Ni alloys and modulates the electronic structure of the catalysts. The catalytic performance was found to be highly sensitive to the Co/Ni ratio, with Co₂Ni₁@NC/SiO₂ exhibiting the most outstanding activity. Under optimized reaction conditions (90 °C, 0.6 MPa H₂, 5.5 h), both the conversion of 1-nitronaphthalene and the selectivity toward 1-naphthylamine reached approximately 99%. The catalyst also demonstrated excellent stability and recyclability, attributed to the protective nitrogen-doped carbon shell and the synergistic interaction between the Co–Ni alloy and M–N_x active sites. This work provides a new strategy for designing efficient and robust non-noble-metal catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. Full article

It has been more than 25 years since the avian influenza A virus (IAV) H5N1 subtype emerged in humans in 1997. Since then, this virus has become endemic in poultry and wild birds and has been causing sporadic infections in humans. Furthermore, the H5N1 subtype has undergone numerous reassortment events with other avian IAVs, resulting in the emergence of various H5Nx subtypes. Furthermore, the original H5 hemagglutinin (HA) has evolved genetically and antigenically and diversified into multiple lineages, phylogenetic clades, and subclades. In 2020, clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 emerged in Europe and spread intercontinentally. Lately, H5N1 has exhibited a resurgence in transmission across the continents in different avian and mammalian species. Importantly, to the surprise of influenza virologists, H5N1 has recently been found to infect a new host, the cow, and has been detected in cow milk. Furthermore, spillover infections of H5N1 have also been detected in dairy farm workers. This review summarizes the recent transmission of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 across the globe and its pathogenesis and adaptation in different hosts. Also, this review discusses the susceptibility of the H5N1 subtype to anti-IAV drugs and vaccines and the public health response and measures that are undertaken and can be taken in the future to contain its further spread. Full article

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) viruses, particularly IAV (H5N1), continue to pose a major global threat due to their widespread circulation and high mortality rates in birds. Management of HPAI is complicated by challenges in conserving migratory bird populations, sustaining poultry production, and uncertainties in disease dynamics. Structured decision-making frameworks, such as those based on the PrOACT model, are recommended to improve outbreak response and guide critical actions, especially when HPAI virus (HPAIV) detections occur in sensitive areas like wildlife refuges. Surveillance data from late 2024 to early 2025 show persistent HPAI activity, with 743 detections across 22 European countries and beyond, and notable outbreaks in poultry in nations like Hungary, Iceland, and the UK. The proximity of poultry farms to water sources increases environmental contamination risks. Meanwhile, HPAI A(IAV (H5N1)) and other H5Nx viruses have been detected in a wide range of mammalian species globally, raising concerns about mammalian adaptation due to mutations like E627K and D701N in the PB2 protein. Human infections with IAV (H5N1) have also been reported, with recent cases in North America highlighting zoonotic transmission risks. Molecular studies emphasize the importance of monitoring genetic variations associated with increased virulence and antiviral resistance. Preventive strategies focus on biosafety, personal protective measures, and vaccine development for both avian and human populations. Ongoing genetic characterization and vigilant surveillance remain critical to managing the evolving threat posed by HPAI viruses. Full article

In this study, thin molybdenum nitride (MoN_x) layers were directly synthesized on molybdenum foil via thermal treatment under an NH₃ atmosphere, and their phase evolution, structural characteristics, and electrochemical performance were investigated. The thickness and morphology of the MoN_x layers were controlled by varying ammonolysis time and temperature, while subsequent annealing in N₂ converted the nitride layer into MoO₂. Meanwhile, oxidation in air yielded crystalline MoO₃ layers. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed progressive oxidation of molybdenum, with Mo 3d binding energies increasing in the sequence of Mo < MoN_x < MoO₂ < MoO₃, consistent with their nominal oxidation states. Electrochemical characterization revealed that both MoN_x/Mo and MoO₂/Mo electrodes exhibit notable pseudocapacitive behavior in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte, with areal specific capacitances reaching up to 520 mF cm⁻² at 10 mV s⁻¹. Increasing layer thickness led to enhanced capacitance, likely due to an increase in the electrochemically accessible surface area and the extension of ion diffusion pathways. MoO₂-coated samples showed stronger faradaic contribution and superior rate capability compared to MoN_x counterparts, along with a gradual shift from predominantly electric double-layer capacitance toward hybrid pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanisms. Full article

Soil salinization poses a significant threat to agricultural sustainability. This study investigated the effects of different microbial fertilizers on the rhizosphere fungal community and physicochemical properties of saline–alkali soil cultivated with sunflower. Three microbial fertilizers were applied at three concentration gradients to two sunflower varieties with contrasting salt–alkali tolerance (salt-tolerant NX53177 and salt-sensitive NKY1502) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying microbial fertilizer-mediated amelioration of saline–alkali soils. Among all treatments, the application of Aikesa microbial fertilizer at 50 g per pot (treatments T8 and T17) demonstrated the most pronounced ameliorative effects. In the salt-tolerant variety NX53177, the 50 g/L Aikesa fertilizer treatment increased the relative abundance of the beneficial genus Mortierella by 46.2%. It decreased the potentially pathogenic genus Lophotrichus by 82.2% compared to the no-fertilizer control. Soil fungal diversity was significantly improved, with the Shannon index increasing by 9.86% and the Simpson index decreasing by 25.83%. Concurrently, critical soil properties were enhanced: soil pH decreased by 7.79%, salinity decreased by 3.13%, and the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 42.13%, 49.96%, 12.34%, and 53.22%, respectively. In the salt-sensitive variety NKY1502, the 50 g/L Aikesa fertilizer treatment increased Mortierella abundance by 15.96% and decreased Lophotrichus by 73.6% compared to the no-fertilizer control. The ACE and Shannon diversity indices increased by 10.00% and 9.92%, respectively, while the Simpson index decreased by 12.17%. Soil health was also markedly improved, with pH decreasing by 7.47%, salinity by 2.95%, and substantial increases in organic matter (57.94%), available nitrogen (75.78%), available phosphorus (13.20%), and available potassium (52.97%). In conclusion, the 50 g/L Aikesa fertilizer treatment effectively improved the rhizosphere fungal community structure and significantly enhanced soil physicochemical properties under saline–alkali stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for utilizing microbial fertilizers in ecological restoration and sustainable agricultural development of saline–alkali lands. Full article