Search Results (1,082)

Rapid urban development has intensified conflicts between land development and ecological conservation, making spatially explicit land-use planning increasingly important for resource-depleted cities. This study develops a geoinformation-based decision-support framework for Huangshi, China, by integrating multi-scenario land-use modeling, production–living–ecological space analysis, landscape pattern assessment, and SDG 15 diagnostics. Four 2035 policy-oriented scenarios were compared: Business-as-Usual (BAU), Ecological Restoration Priority (ERP), Economic Development Priority (EDP), and Sustainable Development (SD). The results show that ERP delivers the strongest ecological performance, with ecological space reaching 46.47%, forest cover increasing from 35.40% to 36.80%, water area rising to 9.65%, net land degradation declining to −2.04%, and mean habitat quality reaching 0.484. SD provides a more balanced pathway, with ecological space of 44.80%, living space of 8.93%, a land-use stability rate of 96.36%, and a relatively low net degradation rate of 1.33%. BAU and EDP show higher ecological risks. The framework demonstrates how multi-source geospatial data and spatially explicit SDG diagnostics can support adaptive planning in resource-depleted cities. Full article

Background: The cerebellum has recently been proposed as a key contributor to facial expression (FE) processing, although the neural pathways underlying its involvement remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether cerebellar modulation of FE processing preferentially relies on motor or perceptual circuits. Methods: Sixteen healthy young participants underwent cerebellar cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCs) and sham stimulation in a randomized crossover design. Cerebellar–motor cortex interactions were assessed using cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) measured by a paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, while early perceptual processing was evaluated through P100 and N170 event-related potentials (ERPs). Behavioral performance was assessed using a task involving recognition of neutral, happy, and fearful faces. Results: Cerebellar tDCs selectively modulated the cerebello–thalamo–primary motor cortex pathway, producing a significant reduction in CBI during the passive viewing of emotional (happy and fearful) expressions while exerting no significant effects on occipitotemporal ERP components associated with early face perception or on behavioral measures of emotion recognition, including recognition accuracy and reaction times. Conclusions: These findings indicate that cerebellar contributions to facial emotion processing are predominantly mediated through motor rather than early perceptual pathways. The cerebellum appears to modulate motor network activity during emotional face observation without directly influencing occipitotemporal perceptual mechanisms, although this physiological modulation was not accompanied by measurable changes in behavioral performance. These findings support the hypothesis that cerebellar involvement in social cognition is primarily related to the optimization of emotion-related motor processing. Full article

In make-to-order (MTO) manufacturing, customer-side issues involving payment, documentation, logistics, or site readiness may postpone shipment after order acceptance, increasing finished-goods inventory, capital tie-up, and capacity inefficiency. Although prior studies mainly address in-production delays or pre-order demand uncertainty, Customer-Induced Shipment Postponement (CISP) and its integration into production planning remain comparatively underexamined. This study proposes a predictive–prescriptive decision-support framework that uses ERP data from a real MTO manufacturer to predict shipment-timing outcomes associated with CISP and transfers the resulting predictions into an offline linear-programming-based production-planning model balancing capacity and inventory. Following CRISP-DM, 18,506 order records from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed, and eight machine-learning methods were evaluated across four scenarios combining Full and Parsimonious feature sets with three-class and binary target structures. Models were evaluated using an ex-post cost framework, with conventional classification metrics retained as diagnostic indicators. The selected model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Under the stated evaluation assumptions, integrating predictions into the offline LP-based production plan reduced total planning cost by 22.85% relative to the no-prediction baseline. This suggests that the proposed framework can generate measurable planning value. Full article

Background/Objectives: Neurofeedback (NFB) modulates electroencephalographic activity and has been proposed to enhance cognitive performance. This study investigated the effects of repeated sensorimotor rhythm (SMR; 12–15 Hz) neurofeedback training on selective auditory attention in healthy adults aged 25–40 years, utilizing both electrophysiological and behavioral assessments. Methods: A prospective, controlled factorial design with repeated measures was employed, including a sham NFB intervention to control for placebo effects. Electrophysiological evaluation measured the amplitudes and latencies of event-related potentials (N100, N200, and P300) during an auditory Go/No-Go task. Speech-in-noise perception, which demands a higher level of selective auditory attention, was further assessed using the QuickSIN test. Results: Electrophysiological results revealed that SMR training statistically significantly reduced latencies of the N200 component at the Cz and Pz electrodes, and the P300 component at the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes, in a dose-dependent manner. No significant amplitude effects were observed for any ERP component. Behavioral results demonstrated a linear improvement in speech perception in noise (QuickSIN test) in the experimental group, a task that indirectly engages auditory selective attention mechanisms, as a function of training sessions, with significant group differences favoring the experimental group. These effects were maintained at the one-month follow-up. Conclusions: These findings indicate that SMR-based NFB modulates neural activity and improves selective attention, supporting its potential as an effective intervention for improving attentional performance and auditory processing in healthy populations, with effects persisting at least one month post-training. Full article

Commercial seaweed extracts (SWEs) are widely used as plant biostimulants; however, information on formulation-specific optimum dosages for greenhouse-grown Capsicum annuum seedlings is limited. This study evaluated the effects of five commercial SWE formulations applied at five dosages (1–5 mL L⁻¹) on seedling growth, biomass accumulation, and root growth under greenhouse conditions. Morphological traits, biomass characteristics, and growth efficiency indices were assessed using univariate and multivariate statistical approaches to identify formulation-specific optimum application rates. Commercial SWE application significantly (p < 0.05) increased chlorophyll content, shoot and root growth, and fresh biomass, although the magnitude of the response varied among the formulations and application rates. The optimum dosages identified by the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were ASCO at 2 mL L⁻¹, AQUA at 3 mL L⁻¹, BIO at 2 mL L⁻¹, KAT at 3 mL L⁻¹, and SAGA at 3 mL L⁻¹. Principal component and Pearson correlation analyses further demonstrated coordinated improvements across multiple growth traits. These findings demonstrate that optimum seedling performance depends on formulation-specific rather than universal application rates. The identified optimum dosages provide practical guidance for selecting commercial seaweed biostimulant application rates in greenhouse C. annuum nurseries. Full article

This study examines the Warehouse Management System (WMS) evaluation in digitalized logistics operations as a multidimensional decision-making problem. By integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), the study develops a framework that links technology acceptance considerations with operational and strategic software evaluation criteria. The fuzzy Best–Worst Method (BWM) was applied to prioritize the criteria under uncertainty, using evaluations obtained from logistics professionals, software experts, warehouse managers, and academics. The findings show that Software Architecture and Flexibility is the most important main criterion, followed by Security and Performance and System Integration Capability. At the sub-criteria level, Compliance with Standard Protocols, Modularity, Scalability, ERP/TMS/CRM Integration, and Mobile Compatibility emerged as the five most critical determinants. The results indicate that logistics firms prioritize standard compliance, architectural flexibility, scalability, system integration, and mobile compatibility over user-centered criteria. The study contributes to the WMS evaluation literature by combining TAM and IDT with a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach and provides managers with a structured framework for aligning WMS evaluation with operational fit and digital transformation goals. Full article

Background/Objectives: Obesity is associated with alterations in cognitive control processes that support performance monitoring and dietary self-regulation, but the neurocognitive markers most closely tied to body weight status in young adulthood remain unclear. Methods: Sixty-two young adults completed a modified Simon task while continuous electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) were quantified for error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). The association between body mass index (BMI) and ERP amplitudes was examined under three parameterizations: BMI as a continuous variable, BMI split into three categories (normal weight, overweight, obese), and BMI split into two median-matched categories. Results: Higher BMI was associated with reduced (less negative) ERN amplitude under continuous (r = 0.30, p = 0.016, and median-split, Cohen’s d = −0.69, p = 0.009) specifications, and at the level of a trend under the three-group classification F(2, 59) = 2.80, p = 0.069, η²p = 0.09. The association was most consistent for neutral trials, where it reached significance under the continuous (r = 0.32, p = 0.010) and three-group (F = 3.31, p = 0.043) specifications and approached significance under the median-split (d = −0.51, p = 0.051). The BMI-ERN association remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and trait impulsivity. In contrast, Pe amplitude did not differ as a function of BMI under any specification. In exploratory analyses that did not survive correction for multiple comparisons, Pe amplitude was positively associated with mindful eating disinhibition and negatively associated with UPPS-P Positive Urgency, independent of BMI. Conclusions: These cross-sectional findings indicate that elevated adiposity in young adulthood is associated with attenuated pre-conscious conflict and error monitoring (i.e., ERN), whereas conscious error awareness (i.e., Pe) is unrelated to body weight status. The exploratory Pe–trait associations are offered as hypotheses for future confirmatory work rather than as established effects. Full article

Quality management in mega construction projects is increasingly supported by digital technologies, yet quality information often remains fragmented across inspection systems, reality-capture platforms, Building Information Modelling (BIM) environments and enterprise systems. This fragmentation limits traceability, delays corrective actions and weakens the connection between quality performance, contractual obligations and financial accountability. This study develops a closed-loop digital QA/QC framework that integrates BIM, mobile field inspection, reality capture, artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation and enterprise resource planning (ERP) within a unified governance architecture. Following a Design Science Research approach, the study proposes a seven-layer framework linking quality events to procurement, financial control, and project-management processes while supporting role-based decision-making through data democratisation mechanisms. The framework extends conventional ERP-enabled quality management by explicitly incorporating procurement (MM) and financial-control (FI/CO) functions, including supplier-quality management, cost-of-poor-quality tracking and quality-linked payment governance. An illustrative project scenario and sensitivity analysis are used to demonstrate the application of the proposed KPI and evaluation structure. By treating integration as the primary design objective, the framework provides a foundation for enterprise-wide digital quality management, lifecycle information continuity and digital-twin readiness in mega construction projects. The contribution itself is evaluated through an illustrative Design Science Research demonstration and an assumption-bounded sensitivity analysis rather than through field data, with future empirical validation specified through a controlled before-and-after case-study protocol. Full article

In recent years, numerous mobile platforms have introduced product ranking systems to guide consumer choices. Yet, how such rankings shape purchasing decisions remains insufficiently understood. This paper employed an event-related potential (ERP) experiment to capture the neurophysiological responses of consumers during mobile shopping, thereby uncovering the psychological processes and neural mechanisms underlying the influence of online rankings. Our findings reveal that consumers in mobile shopping environments are equally susceptible to information cascades. When product rankings were presented as decision aids, despite limited cognitive resources, low-ranking cues elicited high attentional engagement, as indicated by a higher P2 amplitude. Subsequently, ranking cues appeared to be associated with evaluative processing, as reflected in P3 amplitude differences. These neural and behavioral patterns reflect the avoidance tendencies toward low-ranking products and relatively greater trust-related evaluation of higher-ranked products, ultimately shaping purchase intentions. This study provides cognitive neuroscience evidence for how online rankings modulate mobile consumers’ decision-making. Full article

Background/Objectives: The Bergen 4-Day Treatment (B4DT) is a concentrated form of exposure and response prevention for patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Although response rates for the B4DT are generally high, a proportion of patients does not achieve clinically significant improvements. Quantitative measures can identify non-response, but offer limited insight into processes that may hinder change in highly structured, time-limited interventions. To identify factors potentially related to the lack of improvement, this study explored experiences of patients who had not benefitted from B4DT. Methods: B4DT participants were recruited from an uncontrolled German study. Of 32 patients assessed at three-month follow-up, 12 met the non-response criteria (<35% reduction on the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale), and eight completed semi-structured qualitative interviews 9–14 months after treatment. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory methods. A brief quantitative comparison examined baseline differences between responders and non-responders. Results: Participants described benefits from B4DT, including improved understanding of OCD, supportive peer contact, and increased courage for exposure tasks. However, they consistently reported difficulties sustaining self-guided exposure after treatment. Within the B4DT framework, one possible interpretation is that the intended shift toward independently approaching anxiety had not yet been fully consolidated. Conclusions: Although quantitatively classified as non-responders, participants described meaningful psychological benefits from B4DT. The findings suggest that non-response may reflect incomplete consolidation of the intended shift from symptom control toward approaching anxiety in service of personally meaningful action, rather than an absence of change. Full article

Advice-giving during social interaction is not a one-way flow of information. Instead, it constitutes a dynamic process that includes offering advice, receiving feedback, and adjusting subsequent behaviors. Few studies have examined how advisees’ facial attractiveness and feedback type together shape advisors’ willingness to keep providing advice, as well as the corresponding neural temporal patterns. In this study, we adopted an advice-giving game paradigm. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) when 28 participants received feedback and made subsequent advice decisions, to explore the interaction between facial attractiveness and feedback type. Behavioral results showed that both high facial attractiveness and acceptance feedback significantly increased advisors’ willingness to continue giving advice. Moreover, an interaction effect was observed: compared with rejection feedback, the influence of facial attractiveness on willingness to continue advising was relatively weaker under acceptance feedback. ERP results revealed that high facial attractiveness evoked greater P300 and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes at the feedback reception stage. Under acceptance conditions, low facial attractiveness evoked greater feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitudes. At the advice decision stage, high facial attractiveness similarly elicited larger P300 and LPP amplitudes, while low facial attractiveness produced greater N2 amplitudes in acceptance trials. These findings indicate that facial attractiveness affects static social evaluation and also shapes the dynamic interaction sequence of giving advice, receiving feedback and forming subsequent decisions. Attractive faces and acceptance feedback may possess greater motivational significance and social salience, thereby promoting advisors’ subsequent willingness to provide advice. Full article

Background/Objectives: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated not only with obsessions and compulsions, but also with cognitive dysfunction involving inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, attention, decision-making, feedback learning, and performance monitoring. Electroencephalography (EEG), event-related potentials (ERPs), quantitative EEG, and time–frequency analyses provide temporally precise methods for examining how these cognitive abnormalities unfold during information processing. This review aimed to synthesise electrophysiological evidence on the neural correlates of cognitive dysfunction in OCD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar from database inception to 30 May 2026. Eligible studies included patients with OCD and used EEG, qEEG, spectral EEG, EEG connectivity, or ERP methods in relation to cognitive performance, cognitive task demands, or cognitive dysfunction. Studies were grouped according to electrophysiological modality and ERP component. Because of methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesised narratively and mechanistically rather than by meta-analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using ROBINS-I. Results: The search identified 1321 records, of which 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies used task-based ERP paradigms, while fewer examined resting-state EEG, qEEG, or oscillatory activity. The most consistent findings concerned altered performance monitoring and cognitive control, especially ERN, N2/N200, Pe, Pc, and P3/P300 abnormalities. ERN findings suggested excessive early error monitoring, whereas N2/N200 and P3/P300 findings indicated task-dependent abnormalities in inhibition, conflict processing, attentional allocation, stimulus evaluation, and context updating. Earlier components, including P50, N1/N100, P2/P200, and N450, suggested abnormalities in sensory gating, early attentional selection, stimulus evaluation, and interference control, particularly under emotionally salient or OCD-relevant conditions. FRN findings indicated altered feedback processing and reinforcement learning, while limited P600 evidence suggested inefficient working-memory preparation. Plain EEG and time–frequency studies further implicated abnormal theta, alpha, beta, and delta activity in monitoring, inhibition, arousal, and network efficiency. Conclusions: EEG-based evidence suggests that cognitive dysfunction in OCD reflects a dysregulated control system rather than a general reduction in cognitive ability. The disorder appears to involve excessive performance monitoring, abnormal sensory and attentional gating, inefficient inhibition, altered feedback evaluation, and reduced cognitive flexibility. However, the current evidence is limited by heterogeneity in samples, paradigms, EEG methodology, medication status, and statistical approaches. Future studies should use larger, well-characterised samples, standardised EEG/ERP paradigms, direct brain–behaviour analyses, and longitudinal designs to clarify whether electrophysiological abnormalities represent trait markers, state-dependent effects, compensatory mechanisms, or clinically useful predictors of cognitive dysfunction in OCD. Full article

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with heterogeneous neurophysiological and behavioral outcomes that are not always captured by conventional clinical classifications. This study aimed to characterize electrophysiological patterns in individuals with TBI and examine their alignment with clinical groupings. EEG, event-related potentials (ERPs), spectral features, and behavioral performance were analyzed in 121 participants from a larger clinical cohort. Data were preprocessed using artifact subspace reconstruction (ASR), adaptive mixture independent component analysis (AMICA), and standardized quality control procedures. Spectral power, ERP components, and behavioral metrics were extracted and compared across clinical severity and OSU TBI-ID classifications, and unsupervised k-means clustering was applied to identify data-driven electrophysiological subgroups. Results demonstrated consistent ERP signal quality across participants, with all datasets meeting P300 global field power thresholds. While group-level comparisons revealed distributions of electrophysiological markers across clinical categories, clustering identified two electrophysiological subgroups characterized by differing spectral, connectivity, and ERP profiles that were not significantly associated with OSU TBI-ID classifications. Electrophysiological subgroup assignments were not significantly associated with OSU TBI-ID classifications. These findings suggest that data-driven electrophysiological subgrouping captures variability not reflected in traditional clinical groupings, highlighting the potential utility of electrophysiological measures for characterizing heterogeneity within chronic TBI populations. Full article

Healthcare systems face increasing pressure from demographic, technological, and organizational changes that intensify psychosocial risks and threaten both healthcare workers’ well-being and patient safety. This study investigates whether burnout mediates the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and patient safety culture in healthcare settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 Portuguese healthcare workers using three validated instruments: the Psychosocial Risks Scale (INSAT_ERPS), the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23), and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS (version 31.0) and the PROCESS (version 5) macro. Results showed a moderately strong positive association between psychosocial risks and burnout, and a significant negative association between burnout and patient safety culture. Psychosocial risks were not directly associated with patient safety culture. However, burnout indirectly mediated this relationship, indicating that adverse working conditions impair safety perceptions through their impact on psychological strain. These findings highlight burnout as a significant key mediator linking unsustainable working conditions to unsafe care, showing the relevance of the psychosocial environment. Targeted interventions to reduce psychosocial risks are thus fundamental to improving patient safety culture and promoting the sustainable functioning of healthcare systems. Full article

Second-order facial relations—the metric spacing among internal facial features—contribute to face individuation, but the temporal stages at which the brain differentiates repeatedly from changed relational information remain unclear. Using a rapid-adaptation EEG paradigm, seventy adults viewed S1–S2 face pairs derived from the same source identity, in which the spacing of the eyes and mouth was either repeated or changed while first-order facial layout was preserved. ERPs to S2 were analysed in the P1, N170, P2, and N250 time windows and complemented by cluster-based permutation tests. Repeated versus changed spacing did not reliably modulate the P1 or N170. Instead, a sustained posterior condition difference emerged after the N170 and extended across the conventionally defined P2 and N250 time ranges, with repeated spacing eliciting a more positive-going response than changed spacing across this interval. Cluster-based analyses confirmed that this difference extended across contiguous post-N170 time points and posterior electrodes. Under the present rapid-adaptation conditions, neural differentiation of repeated versus changed second-order relations was therefore most reliably expressed in later P2 and N250 activity. These findings do not imply that second-order information is absent from earlier processing stages, but identify a sustained post-N170 interval in which repeated and changed second-order relations were reliably differentiated. Full article