Growing interest in intelligent vehicles is leading automotive systems to include numerous electronic control units (ECUs) inside. As a result, efficient implementation and management of automotive systems is gaining importance. Flexible updating and...
According to the basic structure and working principle of the excitation signal sensors of a diesel engine electronic control unit (ECU), a segmentation model of an ECU excitation signal based on characteristic parameters (ESCP-SM) is proposed. In th...
The rapid evolution of automotive software necessitates efficient and accurate development and verification processes. This study proposes a virtual electronic control unit (vECU) that allows for precise software testing without the need for hardware...
In-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) communications generally count on private protocols (defined by the manufacturers) under controller area network (CAN) specifications. Parsing the private protocols for a particular vehicle model would be of g...
Recently, the usage of the automotive Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and its software in cars is increasing. Therefore, as the functional complexity of such software increases, so does the likelihood of software-related faults. Therefore, it is import...
This paper addresses the challenge of ensuring quality control for electronic control units (ECUs) in the automotive industry. Traditional hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems, used for software quality assurance, are costly and not always readily avai...
An in-vehicle controller area network (CAN) bus is vulnerable because of increased sharing among modern autonomous vehicles and the weak protocol design principle. Spoofing attacks on a CAN bus can be difficult to detect and have the potential to ena...
In automotive software development, testing and validation workloads are often concentrated at the end of the development cycle, leading to delays and late-stage issue discovery. To address this, virtual Electronic Control Units (vECUs) have gained a...
As automotive software continues to grow in scale and timing sensitivity, hardware-independent verification in the early design phase has become increasingly important—especially for safety-critical, body-domain controllers. This study proposes...
3 December 2020
The effects of the physical environment on metabolic syndrome (MetS) are still largely unexplained. This study aimed to analyze the associations of relative humidity of residence, lifestyles, and MetS among Ecuadorian adults. Data from 6024 people ag...
The associations of lifestyle and environment with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease have recently resulted in increased attention in research. This study aimed to examine interactive associations among carbohydrate and fat intake,...
The integration of the Scalable Service-Oriented Middleware over IP (SOME/IP) within Automotive Ethernet enables efficient, service-oriented communication in vehicles. This study presents a video stream transmission library using SOME/IP to transfer...
As a next-generation serial communication protocol employed in automotive electronics and industrial control domains, Controller Area Network with Flexible Data-Rate (CAN-FD) enhances communication efficiency via the introduction of a dual-rate trans...
This paper proposes an identification approach for the Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in the vehicle, which are based on the physical characteristics of the ECUs extracted from their voltage output. Then, the identification is not based on cryptogra...
There has been a significant increase in the adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics project-based learning. However, the risks that education providers place their student and staff under i...
Consolidating tasks to a smaller number of electronic control units (ECUs) is an important strategy for optimizing costs and resources in the automotive industry. In our research, we aim to enable ECU consolidation by migrating tasks at runtime betwe...
The objective of this study was to numerically investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a 36V electronic control unit (ECU) system of an electric bicycle and to validate the experimental data. The temperatures of the ECU heatsink, seven metal...
The vehicle-embedded system also known as the electronic control unit (ECU) has transformed the humble motorcar, making it more efficient, environmentally friendly, and safer, but has led to a system which is highly dependent on software. As new tech...
This paper assesses the application of the second-law of thermodynamics in a military Environmental Control Unit (ECU) to evaluate the exergy destruction (or irreversibility) in each component when operating at high ambient temperature. Experimental...
The past 40 years have seen automotive Electronic Control Units (ECUs) move from being purely mechanical controlled to being primarily digital controlled. While the safety of passengers and efficiency of vehicles has seen significant improvements, ri...
The automotive industry faces unprecedented pressure to address stringent emissions regulations, evolving consumer expectations, and the urgent need for sustainable mobility solutions. As the global fleet transitions toward lower environmental impact...
The increasing number of electrical components and sensors in modern vehicles makes network design more challenging. The development of automotive electronics through multiple communication protocols brings out the importance of a hybrid network that...
This paper proposes a unified fault-tolerant batch authentication scheme for vehicular networks, designed to address key limitations in existing approaches, namely the segregation between in-vehicle and V2I authentication scenarios and the lack of fa...
The current paper aims to present a cooling concept for future centralized platforms of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) from the automotive industry that involves grouping multiple electronic devices into a single system and cooling them with forced...
This paper is focused on the design and development of a smart and compact electronic control unit (ECU) for the monitoring of a bus fleet. The ECU system is able to extract all vehicle data by the on-board diagnostics-(ODB)-II and SAE J1939 standard...
The special issue “Energy Storage Systems and Power Conversion Electronics for E-Transportation and Smart Grid” on MDPI Energies presents 20 accepted papers, with authors from North and South America, Asia, Europe and Africa, related to t...
Water plays a fundamental role in sustaining biological processes, ecological functions, and economic systems. However, the progressive pollution of water sources compromises these functions, posing significant threats to water purity, human well-bei...
In the last decade, modern vehicles have become very complex, being equipped with embedded electronic systems which include more than a thousand of electronic control units (ECUs). Therefore, it is mandatory to analyze the potential risk of automotiv...
Self-driving vehicles have attracted significant attention in the automotive industry that is heavily investing to reach the level of reliability needed from these safety critical systems. Security of in-vehicle communications is mandatory to achieve...
In the current study, a 0D/1D engine model built in the commercial code GT-Suite was coupled with the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) model created in the Simulink environment, aiming to more accurately predict the interaction of the engine and aftertr...
Due to the increasing complexity of vehicle software, it is becoming increasingly difficult to comprehensively test all requirements. This inevitably means that alternative test methods, e.g., simulation-based methods, must be used more frequently. H...
In this paper, we propose a bus-independent hardware (HW)-based approach to secure long protocol data units (PDUs) in Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR)-based automotive electronic control units (ECUs). Our approach is based on extending p...
During the inspection stage, an integration test is performed on electronic automobile parts that have passed a unit test. The faults found during this test are reported to the developer, who subsequently modifies the source code. If the tester provi...
The development of new control algorithms in vehicles requires high economic resources, mainly due to the use of generic real-time instrumentation and control systems. In this work, we proposed a low-cost electronic control unit (ECU) that could be u...
The manufacturing industry is continuously researching and developing strategies and solutions to increase product quality and to decrease production time and costs. The approach is always targeting more automated, traceable, and supervised productio...
Ecotourism can fuel an important source of financial income for African countries and can therefore help biodiversity policies in the continent. Translocations can be a powerful tool to spread economic benefits among countries and communities; yet, t...
Objectives: To systematically review and analyze electronic systems in competitive motorcycles (2020–2025), examining their technical specifications, performance impacts, and technological evolution across MotoGP, World Superbike (WSBK), MotoE,...
3 June 2025
As consumer behavior increasingly shifts toward hyperlocal, digitally mediated retail journeys, community unmanned stores have emerged as a transformative model that integrates smart technologies with community proximity services. These fully automat...
Since 2007, at the Electron Science Research Institute (ESRI) nano-fabrication laboratories, Edith Cowan University, Australia, we have devoted research efforts to the synthesis and characterization of bismuth-containing ferrite-garnet-type thin-film...
The subsheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon, a component of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), is particularly important as it dynamically stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint. However, the relationship between TFCC injury a...
Background. A common symptom of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is fatigue, which in some patients can be severe. Eculizumab (Ecu) has proven efficacy in controlling intravascular hemolysis, but commonly results in persistent anemia and fat...
In this study, the interfacial reactions and mechanical properties of solder joints after multiple reflows were observed to evaluate the applicability of the developed materials for high-temperature soldering for automotive electronic components. The...
The automobile industry no longer relies on pure mechanical systems; instead, it benefits from many smart features based on advanced embedded electronics. Although the rise in electronics and connectivity has improved comfort, functionality, and safe...
The rapid evolution of modern vehicles into intelligent and interconnected systems presents new complexities in both functional safety and cybersecurity. In this context, ensuring the reliability and integrity of critical sensor data, such as wheel s...
Illegal manipulation (i.e., tampering) of vehicles is a severe problem because vehicle emissions increase orders of magnitude and significantly impact the environment and human health. This study measured the emissions before and after representative...
This study examines the effects on combustion, engine performance and exhaust pollutant emissions of a modern Euro 6, dual-loop EGR, compression ignition engine running on regular EN590-compliant diesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). First, th...
This study focuses on the detailed analysis of exhaust emissions from multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) engines by manipulating the injection parameters through a programmable electronic control unit. In addition, tests are carried out using differen...
This study investigates a preliminary injection characterization of the injection rate and the injection quantity behavior in a high-pressure common rail injection system used in a heavy-duty engine. The injection rate meter and the injection quantit...
A public safety answering point (PSAP) receives thousands of security alerts and attends a similar number of emergencies every day, and all the information related to those events is saved to be post-processed and scrutinized. Visualization and inter...
We demonstrated in this work a filterless, multi-point and temperature-independent FBG (fiber Bragg grating) dynamical demodulator using pulse-width-modulation (PWM). In this approach, the FBG interrogation system is composed of a tunable laser and a...
of 5