Search Results (19)

The potential of the green macroalga Ulva lactuca is increasingly recognized, not only for its environmental benefits, but also for its applications in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Given this insight, a comprehensive analysis of the chemical profile of U. lactuca from the Adriatic Sea was carried out. The hydrodistillate, rich in (Z,Z,Z)-hexadeca-7,10,13-trienal and hexadecanoic acid, underlines its importance for health-related uses, particularly in lipid metabolism and cellular integrity. Fatty acid analysis showed a predominance of palmitic acid and a favorable n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, suggesting that U. lactuca can make a valuable contribution to a balanced diet. In addition, essential amino acids, including leucine, valine, and isoleucine, support its use as a functional ingredient for muscle repair and metabolic health. The ethanol extract contained 56 compounds, including derivatives of fatty acids, phenolic acids, pigments, flavonoids, and steroids. Many of them, such as hexadecasphinganine, azelaic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, and pheophytin a, have proven roles or potentials in promoting human health. These results confirm that U. lactuca is a rich source of bioactive compounds, emphasizing its potential in scientific research and its expanding industrial applications in health, nutrition, and cosmetics. Full article

Foodborne illnesses pose a serious threat to public health, with increasing global incidence rates driven by factors such as rising meat consumption. Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in meat is critical for preventing outbreaks. This study investigates the potential of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying biomarkers and spectral fingerprints indicative of foodborne pathogens in raw chicken meat. Raw broiler chicken meat samples were surface-sterilized and inoculated with foodborne pathogens. The samples were challenge inoculated with the specific pathogen and the physical quality parameters like pH, color, texture, drip loss, and water activity were assessed. GC-MS analysis identified 113 metabolites, including potential biomarkers like ureidopropionic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, 11,14-eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester for E. coli O157:H7; 11-bromoundecanoic acid, neocurdione, glafenin, eicosanoic acid for Salmonella; azepan-1-yl-acetic acid, methyl ester, tramadol, cytarabine, dipipanone for Staphylococcus and cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, phosphonofluoridic acid, î-n-formyl-l-lysine for Pseudomonas. Pathway analysis revealed the involvement of fatty acid metabolism and amino acid degradation pathways. FTIR spectral data showed significant variances between control and spiked samples, particularly in the fatty acid spectral region. The identified metabolites and spectral patterns could serve as biomarkers for developing rapid pathogen detection methods, contributing to enhanced food safety protocols. Full article

A series of novel salts of heterocyclic polyamines with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (C₄H₇N₄⁺)(C₇H₅O₆S⁻)∙2(H₂O) (1), (C₄H₆ClN₄⁺)(C₇H₅O₆S⁻)∙H₂O (2), (C₅H₈N₃⁺)(C₇H₅O₆S⁻)∙H₂O (3), (C₅H₇N₆⁺)(C₇H₅O₆S⁻)∙H₂O (4), (C₆H₁₄N₂²⁺)(C₇H₄O₆S²⁻)∙H₂O (5), and (C₁₄H₁₉N₂⁺)(C₇H₅O₆S⁻) (6) have been successfully synthesized. Their crystal structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Overall, compounds adopt a layered structure with aminium cations and 5-sulfosalicylic anions linked via water molecules. The solid-state architectures of these compounds are dominated by O(N,H)-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and stabilized by weak interconnects. C-Cl⋯π and S-O⋯π interactions, apart from π⋯π and C-H(O)⋯π, were reported. Diverse approaches were used to study the effect of substituents in the polyamines in solid-state arrangement. A Hirshfeld surface analysis, with associated 3D Hirshfeld surface maps and 2D fingerprint plots, molecular electrostatic potential, and energy frameworks were used to comprehensively investigate the nature and hierarchy of non-covalent interactions and inspect supramolecular differences. The contact enrichment ratio calculations provided deeper insight into the propensity of interconnects to influence crystal packing. The evaluation of the effects of H-bonding synthons resulting from different substituents in the polyamines on self-assemblies is also presented. In the context of crystal engineering, a specific intramolecular synthon via O-H⋯O observed in nearly all crystals can be employed in the pseudo-cyclic replacement strategy in the design of new molecules. Full article

Mg–air batteries have high theoretical energy density and cell voltage. Their use of environmentally friendly salt electrolyte and commercially available magnesium materials determines their acceptable technical and economic efficiency, safety, and ease of operation. However, the practical applicationsof Mg–air batteries arevery limited due to the polarization of magnesium anodes and the batteries’ low Faraday efficiency. In this study, we considered the possibility of designingan Mg–air battery withincreased power by adapting engineering solutions developed for an Al–air battery with alkaline electrolytes. To increase the specific power of the battery, it was proposed that the internal resistance of the battery maybe reduced using a concentrated salt electrolyte. We investigated the discharge performance of a commercial alloy of AZ31 type in 15 wt.% NaCl electrolyte at current densities of 40–120 mA/cm². The influence of a small addition of sulfosalicylic acid into the electrolyte on the discharge performance of the anode alloy was studied as well. The estimated values of the energy characteristics of the 0.5 kW Mg–air battery were compared with those of an Al–air battery with an alkaline electrolyte. Full article

The synthesis of iodinated compounds using cheap, simple, and green strategies is of fundamental importance. Iodination reactions are mainly used to synthesize useful intermediates, especially in the pharmaceutical field, where they are employed for the production of contrast media or of iodinated active pharmaceutical ingredients. Traditional synthetic methods suffer from the use of erosive, toxic, or hazardous reactants. Approaches which involve the use of molecular iodine as an iodinating agent require the addition of an oxidizing agent, which is often difficult to handle. Electrochemistry can offer a valid and green alternative by avoiding the addition of such oxidizing agents, transforming the iodine source in the active species through the use of electrons as the main reactants. Herein, we report the electrochemical iodination with the generation of iodinating species in situ in water by using iodides as the source of iodine atoms. First of all, the electrochemical behavior of iodide and iodine in water on carbonaceous anodes was studied and, after selecting the suitable potential, in situ electrochemical iodination was successfully applied to 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid, comparing the iodinating power of I₂ and iodonium species. Full article

The kinetics of leaching zinc from hemimorphite was investigated. The factors that influence hemimorphite leaching were also evaluated, and a kinetic model was built. In addition, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to investigate the changes of surface morphology before and after leaching. By decreasing particle size and increasing temperature, 5-sulfosalicylic acid concentration, and stirring speed, the leaching rate of hemimorphite can be enhanced. The shrinkage nucleus model describes the surface chemistry of leaching. The activation energy of hemimorphite by 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the leaching process was determined as 55.244 kJ/mol. The reaction rate based on the shrinkage nucleus model can be expressed by the semi-empirical formula:${1-\left(1-\mathit{x}\right)}^{1/3 }=[{\mathit{k}}_0{\left(\mathit{C}\right)}^{0.3385}({{\mathit{r}}_0)}^{-0.6083}({\mathit{SS})}^{0.4992}\mathit{exp}(-55.244/\mathit{RT}\left)\right]\mathit{t}$. At the condition of 50 °C of leaching temperature, 0.175 mol/L of 5-sulfosalicylic acid concentration, 82.5 μm of particle size and 650 rpm of stirring speed, the high leaching rates of zinc were obtained. After the reaction time of 15 min, the leaching rate of zinc reached more than 95%. According to the SEM-EDS results, the hemimorphite and leaching residue are distributed in blocks, but the particle size of the leaching residue is smaller, and the atomic concentrations of Zn and Si in the leaching residue are significantly lower than those in the hemimorphite, so the leaching effect is remarkable. Therefore, 5-sulfosalicylic acid solution would be an excellent leaching agent for zinc extraction from hemimorphite. Full article

Numerous infectious diseases and microorganisms with high drug resistance have motivated researchers to develop nanocomposite particles as antimicrobial agents. Herein, we report on nanocomposites of salicylic acid (SA) and 5-sulfosalicylic acid (5-SSA) with zinc oxide (ZnO), namely SA-ZnO and 5-SSA-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), with antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of the synthesized SA-ZnO and 5-SSA-ZnO NPs indicated the functionalization of ZnO with SA and 5-SSA. X-ray diffraction revealed the crystalline structures of the synthesized NPs. The zeta potentials of the SA-ZnO, 5-SSA-ZnO, and ZnO NPs were 1.42, −5.98, and −0.172, respectively. The SA-ZnO and 5-SSA-ZnO NPs were spherical. Besides, the results of the antimicrobial assay indicated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the growth of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus by SA-ZnO and 5-SSA-ZnO NPs (0.1%). Scanning electron microscopy of NP-treated bacteria revealed cell death. Moreover, SA-ZnO and 5-SSA-ZnO NPs did not exhibit substantial toxicity against human HaCaT cells even at a high concentration (200 µg/mL). Overall, SA-ZnO and 5-SSA-ZnO NPs exhibited antibiotic-mimicking activity against bacteria with no cytotoxicity. Full article

Electron transfer plays a crucial role in ROS generation in living systems. Molecular oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the respiratory chains of aerobic organisms. Two main mechanisms of antioxidant defense by exogenous antioxidants are usually considered. The first is the inhibition of ROS generation, and the second is the trapping of free radicals. In the present study, we have elucidated both these mechanisms of antioxidant activity of glycyrrhizin (GL), the main active component of licorice root, using the chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) technique. First, it was shown that GL is capable of capturing a solvated electron, thereby preventing its capture by molecular oxygen. Second, we studied the effect of glycyrrhizin on the behavior of free radicals generated by UV irradiation of xenobiotic, NSAID—naproxen in solution. The structure of the glycyrrhizin paramagnetic intermediates formed after the capture of a solvated electron was established from a photo-CIDNP study of the model system—the dianion of 5-sulfosalicylic acid and DFT calculations. Full article

The catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol under mild conditions is an attractive topic in biorefinery. Herein, mesoporous Zr-containing hybrids (Zr-hybrids) with a high surface area (281.9–291.3 m²/g) and large pore volume (0.49–0.74 cm³/g) were prepared using the biomass-derived 5-sulfosalicylic acid as a ligand, and they were proven to be highly efficient for the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol at 110 °C, with the highest furfuryl alcohol yield reaching up to 97.8%. Characterizations demonstrated that sulfonic and carboxyl groups in 5-sulfosalicylic acid molecules were coordinated with zirconium ions, making zirconium ions fully dispersed, thus leading to the formation of very fine zirconia particles with the diameter of <2 nm in mesoporous Zr-hybrids. The interaction between the 5-sulfosalicylic acid ligands and zirconium ions endowed mesoporous Zr-hybrids with relatively higher acid strength but lower base strength, which was beneficial for the selective reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. A recycling study was performed over a certain mesoporous Zr-hybrid, namely meso-Zr-SA15, demonstrating that the yield and selectivity of furfuryl alcohol remained almost unchanged during the five consecutive reaction cycles. This study provides an optional method to prepare hybrid catalysts for biomass refining by using biomass-derived feedstock. Full article

In this article, we presents the synthesis and research of a tool for removing metal inclusions from the surface of car paint coatings. The optimal composition of the product was determined, which includes sodium laureth sulfate, citric acid, sulfosalicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and water. As a result of the conducted studies, a connection was established between the composition and the physicochemical, surface-active properties of the developed agent. Approbation of this tool was carried out, which confirmed its effectiveness and showed that within 30–45 s after applying the developed tool, not only are metal inclusions on the surface of car paint coating removed but also mineral contaminants in the form of sand, earth, clay and other particles. The aim of the work was to develop and optimize a method for obtaining a low-toxicity, highly effective agent for removing metal inclusions from the surface of car paint coatings and to investigate its effectiveness, as well as its physicochemical, optical and surface-active properties. Full article

In this paper, a bright and compact silver coating on a copper sheet was successfully prepared by a coating solution without cyanogen. The effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) content on the structures, physicochemical properties, and application of the coating were thoroughly discussed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD) electrochemical workstation, and infrared thermometer. The results pointed out that the thickness of the silver coating could reach about 30 μm, with good adhesion to the copper substrate. Cerium nitrate was evenly distributed on the surface of the coating, which can effectively refine the crystal grains and enhance the corrosion resistance. When the dosage of cerium nitrate was 1.0 g/L, the crystal grains were decreased from 144 nm to 65 nm, and the corrosion voltage was increased from −0.238 V to −0.131 V, respectively. The silver plating layer showed the best corrosion resistance with the dosage of silver nitrate, sulfosalicylic acid, additive, cerium nitrate, ammonium acetate, polyethylene glycol 400, and the number of brush-plating operations were 10, 50, 55, 1, 10, 10 g/L, and 8 times, respectively. For application, the temperature of the transformer’s isolating switch could remarkably be decreased from 100 °C to 54 °C with brushing plating by the silver coating solution. Full article

Here we report on the results concerning the influence of ultrasound on the dissolution process of metal oxides CoO, Ni₂O₃ and Mn₂O₃ in choline chloride/sulfosalicylic acid as a deep eutectic solvent. The mechanism of dissolution under cavitation conditions with ultrasonic assistance is described. Theoretical research resulted in equations describing the dissolution process kinetics and linking its basic parameters. Optimal conditions for the most effective ultrasound application were found. Experimental data on dissolution kinetics of metal oxides in deep eutectic solvents was also obtained. It was discovered that experimental data correlates well with theoretical calculations, which confirms the correctness of developing a picture about the physicochemical nature of the process under study. Full article

The mechanism of ultrasonic extraction was discovered and analyzed in detail for the liquid membrane technique from the consideration of the specific features of the radial vibrations of a droplet of the dispersed phase placed into an immiscible continuous phase subjected to ultrasonic irradiation. Analytical formulas were derived for the rate of mass transfer as a function of the amplitude of acoustic pressure oscillations and the time of ultrasonic treatment of an extraction system. Conditions for achieving the maximum efficiency of the extraction of a substance under the stimulating effect of ultrasound were analyzed. A nonlinear equation was derived for the radial vibrations of a spherical droplet of the dispersed phase in an immiscible continuous phase under forcing in the form of acoustic pressure periodically changing with time. Experimental study of the dependence of sulfosalicylic acid distribution on time in an aqueous two-phase system with ultrasound shows good agreement of experimental results with the calculations performed. Full article

The chemical dissolution—in 0.1 M solutions of phosphoric, malonic, citric, sulfosalicylic, and tartaric acids and 0.6 M solutions of sulfuric, oxalic, malonic, phosphoric, tartaric, and citric acids—of aluminum (Al) and its barrier anodic oxide, with thicknesses of 240 and 350 nm, produced during the anodization of Al deposited on a sitall substrate and Al foil, respectively, in a 1% citric acid aqueous solution, was investigated. Signs of chemical dissolution for 0.1 M phosphoric acid solution and 0.6 M concentrations of all the listed solutions were found. It was shown that the dissolution rate and the nature of its change depend on the acid nature, the state of the sample surface, and the classification of the electrolytes according to their degrees of aggressiveness with respect to aluminum. Full article

A novel approach to automated flow titration with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of Fe(III) is presented. The approach is based on the possibility of strict and simultaneous control of the flow rates of sample and titrant streams over time. It consists of creating different but precisely defined concentration gradients of titrant and analyte in each successively formed monosegments, and is based on using the calculated titrant dilution factor. The procedure was verified by complexometric titration of Fe(III) in the form of a complex with sulfosalicylic acid, using EDTA as a titrant. Fe(III) and Fe(II) (after oxidation to Fe(III) with the use of H₂O₂) were determined with good precision (CV lower than 1.7%, n = 6) and accuracy ( $\left|\mathrm{RE}\right|$ lower than 3.3%). The approach was applied to determine Fe(III) and Fe(II) in artesian water samples. Results of determinations were consistent with values obtained using the ICP–OES reference method. Using the procedure, it was possible to perform titration in 6 min for a wide range of analyte concentrations, using 2.4 mL of both sample and titrant. Full article