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Search Results (16,045)

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19 pages, 618 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Nutritional Education Intervention on Sports Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Intake, and Body Composition in Female Athletes: A Pilot Study
by Macarena Veloso-Pulgar and Andreu Farran-Codina
Nutrients 2025, 17(15), 2560; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17152560 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Studies have reported that female athletes often exhibit low levels of nutritional knowledge and inadequate dietary intake to meet their nutritional needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a nutritional education intervention on nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Studies have reported that female athletes often exhibit low levels of nutritional knowledge and inadequate dietary intake to meet their nutritional needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a nutritional education intervention on nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, and body composition in female handball players (n = 45; age, 17.6 ± 2.1 years). Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention design was implemented, consisting of a 3-week educational program delivered through six in-person sessions led by a registered dietitian. Nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and anthropometric and body composition measurements were assessed. Results: Nutrition knowledge levels were significantly higher both immediately post-intervention and three months later compared to baseline (p < 0.05, ES > 0.8). A total of 36 participants completed a 3-day dietary record at baseline and at follow-up. Initial assessments revealed insufficient energy (31 kcal/kg/day) and carbohydrate intake (3.0 g/kg/day) and a high intake of total fats (1.4 g/kg/day). During follow-up, a significant decrease in the consumption of foods rich in sugar was observed (p = 0.0272). A total of 82.2% of the players needed to improve their adherence to the Mediterranean diet. No significant changes were found in Mediterranean diet adherence or body composition following the intervention. Conclusions: The nutritional education intervention significantly improved athletes’ nutritional knowledge and significantly decreased their consumption of sugary foods; however, further studies are needed to evaluate its impact on dietary intake and body composition, considering the study’s limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Habits, Nutritional Knowledge, and Nutrition Education)
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12 pages, 1039 KiB  
Article
Early Positive Fluid Balance Associates with Increased Mortality in Neurological Critically Ill Patients: A 10-Year Cohort Study
by Dae Yeon Kim, Sung-Jin Lee, Sook-Young Woo and Jeong-Am Ryu
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5518; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155518 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background: Fluid management is a critical aspect of care for neurocritically ill patients, yet the optimal approach remains unclear. The relationship between fluid balance and clinical outcomes in these patients requires further investigation, particularly regarding the timing and volume of fluid administration. [...] Read more.
Background: Fluid management is a critical aspect of care for neurocritically ill patients, yet the optimal approach remains unclear. The relationship between fluid balance and clinical outcomes in these patients requires further investigation, particularly regarding the timing and volume of fluid administration. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 2186 adult patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2013 to December 2022. We employed a generalized additive model (GAM) with cubic spline smoothing to examine non-linear relationships between fluid balance and mortality. The maximally selected rank statistics method was used to determine the optimal cutoff value for fluid balance. Associations between fluid balance patterns and 28-day mortality were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Initial analysis identified fluid balance on day 1 as the most significant predictor of mortality; patients with positive fluid balance showed a higher 28-day mortality. Non-survivors showed significantly higher fluid input throughout the 7-day observation period, particularly during the first 24 h (4444 mL vs. 3978 mL, p = 0.007). Multivariable analysis confirmed that fluid balance on day 1 remained independently associated with 28-day mortality after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odd ratio 1.705, 95% confidence interval: 1.001–2.905, p = 0.049). Additionally, the relationship between fluid input day 1 and mortality demonstrated a progressively increasing probability of 28-day mortality with higher fluid volumes. Early fluid balance, particularly during the first 24 h of ICU admission, shows a significant association with mortality in neurocritically ill patients. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the crucial importance of careful fluid management in the early phase of neurocritical care and suggest that implementation of strict fluid monitoring protocols, especially during the initial period of care, may improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Brain Injury)
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17 pages, 972 KiB  
Article
A Preliminary Investigation into Heavy Metal Tolerance in Pseudomonas Isolates: Does the Isolation Site Have an Effect?
by Alessandro De Santis, Antonio Bevilacqua, Angela Racioppo, Barbara Speranza, Maria Rosaria Corbo, Clelia Altieri and Milena Sinigaglia
Agriculture 2025, 15(15), 1692; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15151692 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
One hundred presumptive Pseudomonas isolates, recovered from 15 sites impacted by anthropogenic activity in the Foggia district (Italy), were screened for key adaptive and functional traits important for environmental applications. The isolates were phenotypically characterized for their ability to grow under combined pH [...] Read more.
One hundred presumptive Pseudomonas isolates, recovered from 15 sites impacted by anthropogenic activity in the Foggia district (Italy), were screened for key adaptive and functional traits important for environmental applications. The isolates were phenotypically characterized for their ability to grow under combined pH (5.0–8.0) and temperature (15–37 °C) conditions, to produce proteolytic enzymes, pigments, and exopolysaccharides, and to tolerate SDS. Moreover, the resistance to six environmentally relevant heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, As) was qualitatively assessed. The results highlighted wide inter-strain variability, with distinct clusters of isolates showing unique combinations of stress tolerance, enzymatic potential, and resistance profile. PERMANOVA analysis revealed significant effects of both the isolation site and the metal type, as well as their interaction, on the observed resistance patterns. A subset of isolates showed co-tolerance to elevated temperatures and heavy metals. These findings offer an initial yet insightful overview of the adaptive diversity of soil-derived Pseudomonas, laying the groundwork for the rational selection of strains for bioaugmentation in contaminated soils. Full article
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15 pages, 1537 KiB  
Systematic Review
Association Between Antidepressant Use and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Minyoung Uh, Hey Young Rhee and Kiyon Rhew
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5512; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155512 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the association between antidepressant use and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE), through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline, [...] Read more.
Objectives: To evaluate the association between antidepressant use and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE), through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase®, and Web of Science® up to December 2024. Eighteen studies (cohort, case-control, and nested case-control designs) meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on recency of antidepressant use, VTE onset type (first vs. recurrent), and VTE subtype (PE). Results: Antidepressant use was associated with a significantly increased risk of VTE (RR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12–1.32; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger association for recent use (within 90 days), first-onset VTE, recurrent VTE, and PE. Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 87.92%), but sensitivity analysis confirmed result robustness. No publication bias was detected. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates a modest but statistically significant increase in the risk of VTE associated with antidepressant use, particularly among recent users, individuals experiencing either first-time or recurrent VTE, and those with PE-type events. These findings highlight the importance of individualized VTE risk assessment when initiating antidepressant therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)
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19 pages, 3596 KiB  
Article
Radon Exposure to the General Population of the Fernald Community Cohort
by John F. Reichard, Swade Barned, Angelico Mendy and Susan M. Pinney
Atmosphere 2025, 16(8), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16080939 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
The Fernald Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC), located in Fernald, Ohio, USA, released radon (Rn) as a byproduct of the processing of uranium materials during the years from 1951 to 1989. Rn is a colorless, odorless gas that emits charged alpha radiation that [...] Read more.
The Fernald Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC), located in Fernald, Ohio, USA, released radon (Rn) as a byproduct of the processing of uranium materials during the years from 1951 to 1989. Rn is a colorless, odorless gas that emits charged alpha radiation that interacts with cells in the lung and trachea-bronchial tree, leading to DNA damage, mutations, and tumor initiation. The purpose of this project was to use evidence collected by the Fernald Dosimetry Reconstruction Project and other sources to estimate the outdoor Rn exposure to individuals in the community immediately surrounding the FMPC during the years of plant operation. Using previously tabulated source terms, diffusion and meteorological data, and self-reported detailed residential histories, we estimated radon exposure for approximately 9300 persons who lived at more than 14,000 addresses. The results indicated that a portion of the population cohort experiences mean annual Rn exposure exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action limit of 4 pCiL−1. These exposure estimates support the analysis of the incidence of lung cancer in the Fernald Community Cohort (FCC). Full article
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13 pages, 401 KiB  
Article
The Correlation Between Cracked Teeth and National Insurance Coverage of Dental Implants in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
by Se Hoon Kahm, YoungHa Shim and SungEun Yang
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5507; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155507 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The expansion of National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage for dental implants in South Korea has substantially increased implant placements among older adults. While implants offer functional and esthetic benefits, their lack of periodontal ligaments alters occlusal force distribution, potentially increasing biomechanical [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The expansion of National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage for dental implants in South Korea has substantially increased implant placements among older adults. While implants offer functional and esthetic benefits, their lack of periodontal ligaments alters occlusal force distribution, potentially increasing biomechanical stress on adjacent or opposing teeth. This study aimed to investigate the association between the increased number of dental implants and the incidence of cracked teeth following the introduction of implant insurance. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Clinical Data Warehouse of Seoul St. Mary’s Dental Hospital. Patients who underwent molar crown restorations between 2014 and 2022 were included. The incidence and clinical features of cracked teeth were compared before (2014–2015) and after (2016–2022) the introduction of implant insurance. Statistical analyses assessed differences in symptom presentation, pulp status, and treatment outcomes. Results: Among 5044 molars restored with crowns, 1692 were diagnosed with cracks. The incidence of cracked teeth significantly increased after NHI coverage for implants (25.5% vs. 32.6%, p < 0.001). Cases after insurance implementation showed fewer signs and symptoms at initial presentation (67.4% vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001), reduced irreversible pulpitis (37.2% vs. 25.8%, p < 0.001), and increased preservation of pulp vitality (46.9% vs. 57.8%, p < 0.001). These shifts may reflect changes in occlusal adjustment practices and earlier clinical intervention. Conclusions: The findings suggest a temporal link between increased implant placement and the rising incidence of cracked teeth. Implant-induced occlusal changes may contribute to this trend. Careful occlusal evaluation and follow-up are essential after implant placement, and further prospective studies are warranted to confirm causality and refine prevention strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Osseointegrated Oral Implants)
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18 pages, 1160 KiB  
Article
The Importance of Hemostasis on Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in STEMI Patients—A Prospective Pilot Study
by Aleksandra Karczmarska-Wódzka, Patrycja Wszelaki, Krzysztof Pstrągowski and Joanna Sikora
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5500; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155500 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Platelet activity contributes to myocardial infarction; inadequate inhibition is a risk factor for stent thrombosis and mortality. Inadequate platelet inhibition during treatment is an important risk factor for stent thrombosis and may be associated with increased mortality. This study assessed platelet and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Platelet activity contributes to myocardial infarction; inadequate inhibition is a risk factor for stent thrombosis and mortality. Inadequate platelet inhibition during treatment is an important risk factor for stent thrombosis and may be associated with increased mortality. This study assessed platelet and coagulation activity in post-MI patients, identifying parameters associated with adverse ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) outcomes over 3 years, to identify patients needing intensive secondary prevention. Methods: From 57 admitted patients, 19 STEMI patients were analyzed. Thromboelastography (TEG) and Total Thrombus Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) were used to assess hemostasis and coagulation. Selected laboratory parameters were measured for correlations. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were defined as ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, thrombosis, and death from cardiovascular causes. Results: The group with MACEs was characterized by a faster time to initial clot formation and greater reflection of clot strength. T-TAS parameters, such as area under the curve at 10 min (T-TAS AUC10), showed lower values in the same group of patients. A moderate positive correlation suggested that as white blood cell count increases, T-TAS AUC10 values also tend to increase. A strong negative correlation (rho = −1.000, p < 0.01) was observed between low-density lipoprotein and kinetics in the TEG using the kaolin test at baseline in patients with MACEs. Conclusions: Some of the parameters suggest they are associated with adverse outcomes of STEMI, indicate the existence of an inflammatory state, and may contribute to risk stratification of STEMI patients and identify who will require ongoing monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Vascular Medicine)
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12 pages, 840 KiB  
Article
Baseline Knee Osteoarthritis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as Predictors of Physical Activity Decline: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study in U.S. Adults Using the Disablement Process Framework
by Saad A. Alhammad and Vishal Vennu
Healthcare 2025, 13(15), 1902; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151902 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objective: Understanding how chronic conditions such as knee osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) influence long-term physical activity (PA) is essential for developing condition-specific rehabilitation strategies. This study aimed to examine whether baseline diagnoses of knee OA and COPD are independently [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Understanding how chronic conditions such as knee osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) influence long-term physical activity (PA) is essential for developing condition-specific rehabilitation strategies. This study aimed to examine whether baseline diagnoses of knee OA and COPD are independently associated with the trajectories of PA decline over five years in U.S. adults, informed by the disablement process model. Methods: We analyzed data from 855 adults aged ≥45 years enrolled in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). The participants were categorized into three baseline groups, control (n = 122), knee OA (n = 646), and COPD (n = 87), based on self-reports and prior clinical assessments. PA was measured annually for five years using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). General linear mixed models assessed changes in PA over time, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates. Results: Compared to the controls, participants with knee OA had a significant decline in PA over time (β = −6.62; 95% CI: −15.4 to −2.19; p = 0.014). Those with COPD experienced an even greater decline compared to the knee OA group (β = −11.2; 95% CI: −21.7 to −0.67; p = 0.037). These associations persisted after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, and smoking. Conclusions: Baseline knee OA and COPD were independently associated with long-term reductions in PA. These findings underscore the importance of early, tailored rehabilitation strategies, particularly pulmonary rehabilitation, in preserving functional independence among older adults with chronic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Association Between Physical Activity and Chronic Condition)
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15 pages, 4075 KiB  
Article
Biological Characteristics and Domestication of a Wild Hericium coralloides
by Ji-Ling Song, Ya Xin, Zu-Fa Zhou, Xue-Ping Kang, Yang Zhang, Wei-Dong Yuan and Bin Yu
Horticulturae 2025, 11(8), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11080917 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Hericium coralloides is a highly valued gourmet and medicinal species with growing market demand across East Asia, though industrial production remains limited by cultivation challenges. This study investigated the molecular characteristics, biological traits, domestication potential, and cultivation protocols of Hericium coralloides strains collected [...] Read more.
Hericium coralloides is a highly valued gourmet and medicinal species with growing market demand across East Asia, though industrial production remains limited by cultivation challenges. This study investigated the molecular characteristics, biological traits, domestication potential, and cultivation protocols of Hericium coralloides strains collected from the Changbaishan Nature Reserve (Jiling, China). Optimal conditions for mycelial growth included mannose as the preferred carbon source, peptone as the nitrogen source, 30 °C incubation temperature, pH 5.5, and magnesium sulfate as the essential inorganic salt. The fruiting bodies had a protein content of 2.43% g/100 g (fresh sample meter). Total amino acids comprised 53.3% of the total amino acid profile, while essential amino acids accounted for 114.11% relative to non-essential amino acids, indicating high nutritional value. Under optimized domestication conditions—70% hardwood chips, 20% cottonseed hulls, 8% bran, 1% malic acid, and 1% gypsum—bags reached full colonization in 28 days, with a 15-day maturation phase and initial fruiting occurring after 12–14 days. The interval between flushes was 10–12 days. The average yield reached 318.65 ± 31.74 g per bag, with a biological conversion rate of 63.73%. These findings demonstrate that Hericium coralloides possesses significant potential for edible and commercial applications. This study provides a robust theoretical foundation and resource reference for its artificial cultivation, supporting its broader industrial and economic utilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Propagation and Cultivation of Mushroom)
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14 pages, 494 KiB  
Article
Nogo-A and NfL Levels in CSF from Newly Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Patients Positive for Anti-HHV6-A IgG Autoantibody
by Şeyda Karabörk, Bihter Gökçe Çelik, Firdevs Uluç, Şule Aydın Türkoğlu and Serpil Yıldız
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5497; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155497 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background: Agents responsible for the initiation of autoimmune responses are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to determine Nogo-A and NfL levels in CSF samples from newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and pseudotumour cerebri (PTC) [...] Read more.
Background: Agents responsible for the initiation of autoimmune responses are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to determine Nogo-A and NfL levels in CSF samples from newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and pseudotumour cerebri (PTC) patients positive for HHV6-A IgG autoantibody. Methods: Initial CSF samples from 42 patients were analysed by ELISA. Independent samples t tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, crosstabulation with Fisher’s exact tests and Pearson/Spearman correlation analyses were used for group comparisons. Results: Anti-HHV6A IgG positivity was highest in MS, followed by NMOSD and then PTC (6.7%), but no significant difference in positivity was found among the groups (p = 0.367). No significant difference was found among the groups for NfL or Nogo-A levels (p = 0.373, p = 0.975, respectively). Anti-HHV6A negative MS cases had lower Nogo-A levels than positive cases (p = 0.046). In addition, anti-HHV6A negative PTC cases had lower Nogo-A levels than positive cases (p = 0.015). Anti-HHV6A positive MS patients had lower Nogo-A levels than the PTC positive group and this difference was very close to significant (p = 0.063). Conclusions: Anti-HHV6A positivity was found mainly in the MS group. Anti-HHV6A was found to be associated with Nogo-A levels, especially in the MS and PTC groups. Anti-HHV6A autoantibodies might play a role in the pathophysiology of MS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Multiple Sclerosis)
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27 pages, 4239 KiB  
Article
Implementing Zero Trust: Expert Insights on Key Security Pillars and Prioritization in Digital Transformation
by Francesca Santucci, Gabriele Oliva, Maria Teresa Gonnella, Maria Elena Briga, Mirko Leanza, Marco Massenzi, Luca Faramondi and Roberto Setola
Information 2025, 16(8), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080667 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
As organizations continue to embrace digital transformation, the need for robust cybersecurity strategies has never been more critical. This paper explores the Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) as a contemporary cybersecurity framework that addresses the challenges posed by increasingly interconnected systems. Zero Trust (ZT) [...] Read more.
As organizations continue to embrace digital transformation, the need for robust cybersecurity strategies has never been more critical. This paper explores the Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) as a contemporary cybersecurity framework that addresses the challenges posed by increasingly interconnected systems. Zero Trust (ZT) operates under the principle of “never trust, always verify,” ensuring that every access request is thoroughly authenticated, regardless of the requester’s location within or outside the network. However, implementing ZT is a challenging task, requiring an adequate roadmap to prioritize the different initiatives in agreement with company culture, exposure and cyber posture. We apply multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to evaluate the relative importance of various components within a ZT framework, using the Incomplete Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP). Expert opinions from professionals in cybersecurity and IT governance were gathered through structured questionnaires, leading to a prioritized ranking of the eight key ZT pillars, as defined by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), Washington, DC, USA, along with a prioritization of the sub-elements within each pillar. The study provides actionable insights into the implementation of ZTA, helping organizations prioritize security efforts to mitigate risks effectively and build a resilient digital infrastructure. The evaluation results were used to create a prioritized framework, integrated into the ZEUS platform, developed with Teleconsys S.p.A., to enable detailed assessments of a firm’s cyber partner regarding ZT and identify improvement areas. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for future research and practical guidance for organizations transitioning to a ZT model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Information Security and Privacy)
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19 pages, 2795 KiB  
Article
Can Biomarkers Predict Kidney Function Recovery and Mortality in Patients with Critical COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury?
by Noemí Del Toro-Cisneros, José C. Páez-Franco, Miguel A. Martínez-Rojas, Isaac González-Soria, Juan Antonio Ortega-Trejo, Hilda Sánchez-Vidal, Norma A. Bobadilla, Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre and Olynka Vega-Vega
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1960; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151960 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: COVID-19 is a systemic viral infection that may lead to serious complications including acute kidney injury that requires kidney replacement therapy. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate urinary SerpinA3 (uSerpinA3) excretion as a biomarker of kidney recovery at [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: COVID-19 is a systemic viral infection that may lead to serious complications including acute kidney injury that requires kidney replacement therapy. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate urinary SerpinA3 (uSerpinA3) excretion as a biomarker of kidney recovery at 90 days, and the mortality in patients with critical COVID-19 and AKI requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Methods: The study included patients with critical COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requiring KRT. Blood and urine samples were obtained when KRT was initiated (day zero), and thereafter on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 post-replacement. uSerpinA3, kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) were measured in urine, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in peripheral blood. In addition, metabolomics in sample days zero and 3, and in the survivors on sample day 90 was performed by employing gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results: A total of 60 patients were recruited, of whom 29 (48%) survived hospitalization and recovered kidney function by day 90. In the survivors, 79% presented complete recovery (CRR) and the remaining (21%) recovered partially (PRR). In terms of uSerpinA3, levels on days 7 and 14 predicted CRR, with AUC values of 0.68 (p = 0.041) and 0.71 (p = 0.030), respectively, as well as mortality, with AUC values of 0.75 (p = 0.007) and 0.76 (p = 0.015), respectively. Among the other biomarkers, the excretion of uKIM-1 on day zero of KRT had a superior performance as a CRR predictor [(AUC, 0.71 (p = 0.017)], and as a mortality predictor [AUC, 0.68 (p = 0.028)]. In the metabolomics analysis, we identified four distinct profiles; the metabolite that maintained statistical significance in predicting mortality was p-cresol glucuronide. Conclusions: This study strongly suggests that uSerpinA3 and uKIM-1 can predict CRR and mortality in patients with critical COVID-19 and AKI requiring KRT. Metabolic analysis appears promising for identifying affected pathways and their clinical impact in this population. Full article
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24 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
From Waste to Solution: Modeling and Characterization of Grape Seed Bio-Waste for Phosphate Removal from Wastewater
by Abeer Al-Bsoul, Zakaria Al-Qodah, Muhammad Tawalbeh, Khalid Bani-Melhem, Khalideh Al bkoor Alrawashdeh, Mohammad Hailat, Ahmed A. Al-Taani and Eid Gul
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2464; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082464 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
In this study, particles of ground grape seeds were utilized to adsorb phosphate ions from a prepared solution, aiming to reduce phosphate concentration. Through a series of adsorption experiments, the effects of the adsorbent concentration, initial phosphate ion concentration, temperature, and pH on [...] Read more.
In this study, particles of ground grape seeds were utilized to adsorb phosphate ions from a prepared solution, aiming to reduce phosphate concentration. Through a series of adsorption experiments, the effects of the adsorbent concentration, initial phosphate ion concentration, temperature, and pH on the phosphate ion uptake were studied. The removal efficiency of the phosphate ion decreased from 77 to 61% as a 25 to 45 °C increment in temperature was observed, which indicated the exothermicity in the adsorption process. The phosphate ion movement onto the adsorbent surface that exhibited the highest uptake value favored a neutral reaction environment with a pH value of seven. The experimental results, when compared using different adsorption isotherms, showed that the best fit was exhibited by the Jovanovic isotherm, which was further confirmed owing to its high 0.974 R2 value. Intraparticle diffusion and pseudo second order models describe the kinetics of phosphate adsorption onto grape seeds, with reaction constants of 8.8 × 10−3 (mg/g min) and 0.412 (mg/g·min0.5), respectively. The adsorption was physiosorptive, spontaneous, exothermic, and favorable. Furthermore, the negative entropy with a value of −0.0887 kJ/mol·K revealed reduced randomness in the adsorption process system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Low-Cost Adsorbents in Water Purification Processes)
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13 pages, 248 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence and Impact of Dentinal Hypersensitivity on Adults’ Quality of Life in Saudi Arabia
by Haya Alayadi, Omar Alsadon, Maram Ali Alwadi, Alaa A. Alkhateeb, Deema Alroweilly, Zainab Alassmi and Wedad Alshehri
Dent. J. 2025, 13(8), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13080353 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) significantly impacts oral health-related quality of life. While global prevalence estimates range from 10–15%, region-specific data from Saudi Arabia remain limited. This study also aligns with Saudi Vision 2030’s mental health initiatives, as DH-associated anxiety impacts overall well-being. This [...] Read more.
Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) significantly impacts oral health-related quality of life. While global prevalence estimates range from 10–15%, region-specific data from Saudi Arabia remain limited. This study also aligns with Saudi Vision 2030’s mental health initiatives, as DH-associated anxiety impacts overall well-being. This study assessed DH prevalence and quality of life impact among Saudi adults. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 748 Saudi adults aged ≥ 18 years between April and May. Data were collected using a validated Arabic Dentinal Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ) alongside socio-demographic variables. Participants reporting DH symptoms within 12 months were included in impact analyses. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA examined associations between DHEQ scores and participant characteristics. Results: Self-reported DH prevalence was 54.3% (n = 406), substantially exceeding global estimates. Among affected individuals, mean DHEQ score was 0.56 ± 0.19, indicating moderate-to-substantial quality-of-life impact. Functional limitations were most affected, particularly enjoyment of eating and drinking (0.72 ± 0.21). Significant associations were identified between higher DHEQ scores and age extremes (<18 and >35 years; p < 0.001), higher income levels (p = 0.032), fewer teeth (p = 0.040), and dental pain presence (p = 0.009). Sex, residence, education, and employment showed no significant associations. Conclusions: More than half of Saudi adults reported DH symptoms, representing a significant public health concern with substantial quality of life implications. Prevalence substantially exceeds global estimates, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Age, income, tooth count, and pain presence emerged as key factors. These findings support developing population-specific prevention strategies, particularly targeting younger and older adults with tooth loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentinal Hypersensitivity)
19 pages, 1997 KiB  
Article
Mapping Bicycle Crash-Prone Areas in Ohio Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Techniques: An Investigation into Ohio DOT’s GIS Crash Analysis Tool Data
by Modabbir Rizwan, Bhuiyan Monwar Alam and Yaw Kwarteng
Future Transp. 2025, 5(3), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp5030103 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
While there are studies on bicycle crashes, no study has investigated the spatial analysis of fatal and injury bicycle crashes in the state of Ohio. This study fills this gap in the literature by mapping and investigating the bicycle crash-prone areas in the [...] Read more.
While there are studies on bicycle crashes, no study has investigated the spatial analysis of fatal and injury bicycle crashes in the state of Ohio. This study fills this gap in the literature by mapping and investigating the bicycle crash-prone areas in the state. It analyzes fatal and injury bicycle crashes from 2014 to 2023 by utilizing four exploratory spatial data analysis techniques: nearest neighbor index, global Moran’s I index, hotspot and cold spot analysis, and local Moran’s I index at the state, county, census tract, and block group levels. Results vary slightly across techniques and spatial scales but consistently show that bicycle crash locations are clustered statewide, particularly in the state’s major metropolitan areas such as Columbus, Cincinnati, Toledo, Cleveland, and Akron. These urban centers have emerged as hotspots, indicating a higher vulnerability to bicycle crashes. While global Moran’s I analysis at the county level does not reveal significant spatial autocorrelation, a strong positive autocorrelation is observed at both the census tract (p = 0.01) and block group (p = 0.00) levels, indicating significant high clustering, signifying that finer geographical units yield more robust results. Identifying specific hotspots and vulnerable areas provides valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners to implement effective safety measures and improve conditions for non-motorized road users in Ohio. The study highlights the need for targeted mitigation strategies in high-risk areas, including comprehensive safety measures, infrastructure improvements, policy changes, and community-focused initiatives to reduce crash risk and create safer environments for cyclists throughout Ohio’s urban fabric. Full article
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