Search Results (382)

The potential damage to aviation products caused by vibration and shock during road transportation has long been overlooked, despite structural failure under dynamic loading emerging as a critical technical challenge affecting product reliability. For aviation components, both stress and vibration analysis are essential prerequisites prior to formal assembly. This study investigates a symmetric vertical tail, a common aviation structure, employing an innovative model group analysis method to characterize its dynamic stress and strain distributions under real transportation conditions. Experimental measurements of vibration acceleration and impact loads during transport served as input data for constructing a numerical model based on stress and vibration theory. The model elucidates the mechanical responses of the tail in both modal and vibrational states, enabling effectively evaluation of dynamic vibrations on the tail and its critical subcomponents during road transport. The findings provide actionable insights for optimizing aviation component packaging design, mitigating vibration-induced damage, and enhancing transportation safety. Full article

Waterborne transportation serves as a critical pillar of trunk-line freight systems, offering unparalleled advantages in transport capacity, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. As cargo throughput demands escalate, optimizing lock capacity becomes imperative. This study investigates ship sinkage dynamics through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a representative inland cargo vessel navigating the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River. We develop a predictive sinkage model that integrates four key hydrodynamic parameters: ship velocity, draft, water depth, and bank clearance, applicable to both open shallow water and lockage conditions. The model enables determination of maximum safe drafts for lock transit by analyzing upstream/downstream water levels and corresponding chamber depths. Our results demonstrate the technical feasibility of enhancing single-lock cargo capacity while maintaining safety margins. These findings provide (1) a scientifically grounded framework for draft control optimization, and (2) actionable insights for lock operation management. The study establishes a methodological foundation for balancing navigational safety with growing throughput requirements in constrained waterways. Full article

To solve the technical bottleneck caused by the absence of a feasible method for removing the spermatheca in social insects, we developed a microsurgical technique specifically designed for bumblebee females. In this study, the invention of this technique is based on the anatomical characteristics of the sting chamber of bumblebees and uses a bespoke scalpel to precisely remove the spermatheca, which is small in size and deeply embedded within the body. During the removal operation, a small wound was observed and a small amount of hemolymph flowed out. The wound healed very quickly and the survival rate of treated individuals was high. The results showed that there was no significant impact on the critical life activities of queens and workers, including longevity, mating behavior, oviposition capacity, and overwintering survival rate after the spermatheca was removed using this technique. These findings further confirm the feasibility and applicability of the technique and provide strong technical support for exploring the evolutionary dynamics and potential function of the spermatheca in social insects. Full article

As China’s primary grain-producing area, the Luxi Plain is rich in groundwater resources, which serves as the main water supply source in this region. Investigating the evolution of hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater in this region is crucial for maintaining the safety of groundwater quality and ensuring the high-quality development of the water supply. This study took Liaocheng City in the hinterland of the Luxi Plain as the study area. To clarify the hydrochemical characteristics evolution trend of groundwater in the area, the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in recent years were systematically analyzed. The methods of ion ratio, correlation analysis, Gibbs and Gaillardet endmember diagrams, as well as the application of the absolute principal component scores–multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model were used to determine the contribution rates of different ion sources to groundwater and to elucidate the driving factors behind the evolution of groundwater chemistry. Results showed significant spatiotemporal variations in the concentrations of major ions such as Na⁺, SO₄²⁻, and Cl⁻ in groundwater in the study area, and these variations demonstrated an overall increasing trend. Notably, the increases in total hardness (THRD), SO₄⁻, and Cl⁻ concentrations were particularly pronounced, while the variations in Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and other ions were relatively gradual. APCS-MLR receptor model analysis revealed that the ions such as Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻ and NO₃⁻ all have a significant influence on the hydrochemical composition of groundwater due to the high absolute principal component scores of them. The hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area were controlled by multiple processes, including evaporites, silicates and carbonates weathering, evaporation-concentration, cation alternating adsorption and human activities. Among the natural driving factors, rock weathering had a greater influence on the evolution of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics. Moreover, mining activities were the most important anthropogenic factor, followed by agricultural activities and living activities. Full article

Under the background of “dual-carbon”, expanding renewable energy grid integration exacerbates grid net load volatility, and system climbing requirements escalate. In this paper, the problem of uncertain ramping demand prediction caused by net load prediction error in new power systems is investigated. First, the total system ramping demand calculation model is constructed, and the effects of deterministic and uncertain ramping demand on the total system ramping demand are analyzed. Secondly, a prediction model based on a CNN-LSTM hybrid neural network is proposed for the uncertain ramp-up demand, which extracts the spatial correlation features of the multi-source influencing factors through the convolutional layer, captures the dynamic evolution law in the time series by using the LSTM layer, and realizes the high-precision point prediction and reliable interval prediction by combining the quantile regression method. Finally, the actual operation data and forecast data of a provincial power grid are used for example verification, and the results show that the proposed model outperformed traditional models (SVM, RF, BPNN) and single deep learning models (CNN, LSTM) in point prediction performance, achieving higher prediction accuracy and validating the effectiveness of the spatio-temporal feature extraction module. In terms of interval prediction quality, compared with the histogram and QRF benchmark models, the proposed model achieves a significant reduction in the average width of the prediction interval, average upward ramp-up demand, and average downward ramp-down demand while maintaining 100% interval coverage. This demand realizes a better balance between prediction economic efficiency and safety, providing more reliable technical support for the precise assessment of uncertain ramp-up demand in new power systems. Full article

4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) plays a crucial role in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and is a key enzyme involved in plant growth and stress responses. Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a major bacterial disease affecting the production of global cruciferous crop-like cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). However, the role of 4CL genes in cabbage resistance to black rot remains unclear. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted using resistant cabbage MY and susceptible cabbage LY at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation. KEGG analysis identified the enrichment of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and significant expression changes of 4CL genes were determined through the expression heat map. Further genome-wide analysis revealed 43 Bol4CL gene family members on the cabbage genome distributed across nine chromosomes. Gene structure and protein motif analysis revealed similarities in motifs within the same evolutionary branch, but variations in gene structure. A combination of Bol4CL gene expression profiles and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the transcriptome identified Bol4CL41 as a key gene for further study. Inoculation of overexpressed Bol4CL41 T₂ generation stably expressed cabbage seedlings demonstrated significantly larger lesion areas compared to wild type cabbage, indicating that Bol4CL41 negatively regulates resistance to black rot in cabbage. The analysis of multi-time point transcriptomes in cabbage and the functional study of the Bol4CL gene family enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant disease resistance. This provides compelling evidence and experimental support for elucidating the mechanisms of black rot resistance in cabbage. Full article

Background/Objectives: Chrononutrition highlights the significance of temporal consumption behavior for a healthy dietary pattern. This study investigated the relationship between dietary fatty acid (FA) intake timing and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Methods: A total of 14,518 participants in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2015) were recruited. Dietary intake and mealtime were collected via three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate the association between FA intake at meals and T2DM risk. Differences in FA intake between dinner and breakfast (Δ = dinner-breakfast) were calculated for each type of FA intake. Sensitivity analyses considering the effects of snacks, the sum of different types of FAs, and other confounding factors were performed. The isocaloric substitution model was used to view the risk changes according to the shifted mealtime. Results: During an average of 10.1-year follow-up, 1048 T2DM cases occurred. T2DM risk was inversely associated with n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (n-3 PUFAs) (p trend = 0.032) and plant-sourced monounsaturated FAs (P-MUFAs) (p trend = 0.002) intake at dinner versus breakfast. The highest category of Δ n-3 PUFAs and Δ P-MUFAs were respectively linked to a 19% and 29% reduced T2DM risk. Unanimous associations were found for the difference between lunch and breakfast rather than dinner and lunch. Isocalorically switching 1 standard deviation (SD) of n-3 PUFAs or MUFAs intake at breakfast with the corresponding type of FAs at dinner was associated with a 22% and 20% lower risk of T2DM, respectively. Conclusions: Timely consumption of dietary FAs, particularly n-3 PUFAs and plant-based MUFAs at dinner versus breakfast, is crucial for T2DM prevention. Full article

Therapeutic cancer vaccines are a new growth point of biomedicine with broad industrial prospects in the post-COVID-19 era. Many large international pharmaceutical companies and emerging biotechnology companies are deploying different tumor therapeutic cancer vaccine projects, focusing on promoting their clinical transformation, and the vaccine industry has strong momentum for development. Such vaccines are also the core engine and pilot site for the development of new vaccine targets, new vectors, new adjuvants, and new technologies, which play a key role in promoting the innovation and development of vaccines. Various therapeutic cancer vaccines, such as viral vector vaccines, bacterial vector vaccines, cell vector vaccines, peptide vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines, have all been applied in clinical research. With the continuous development of technology, therapeutic cancer vaccines are evolving towards the trends of precise antigens, efficient carriers, diversified adjuvants, and combined applications. For instance, the rapidly advancing mRNA-4157 vaccine is a typical representative that combines personalized antigens with efficient delivery vectors (lipid nanoparticles, LNPs), and it also shows synergistic advantages in melanoma patients treated in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this article, we will systematically discuss the current research and development status and clinical research progress of various therapeutic cancer vaccines. Full article

It is of the utmost importance to accurately solve the transformer temperature field, as it governs the overall performance and operational stability of the transformer. However, the intricate structure of high- and low-voltage windings, insulating materials, and other components presents numerous challenges for modeling. Temperature exerts a significant influence on insulation aging, and elevated temperatures can notably accelerate the degradation process of insulation materials, reducing their service life and increasing the risk of electrical failures. In view of this, this paper proposes an equivalent modeling method of the temperature field of the transformer HLV winding and studies the refined modeling of the winding part. First of all, in order to reduce the difficulty of temperature field modeling, based on the principle of constant thermal resistance, the fine high- and low-voltage windings are equivalent to large conductors, and the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of the high- and low-voltage windings is obtained, which improves the calculation accuracy and shortens the calculation time. Secondly, we verify the feasibility of the equivalent model before and after the simulation, analyze the influence of different boundary conditions on the winding temperature field distribution, and predict the local hotspot location and temperature trend. Finally, a 50 kVA amorphous alloy winding-core transformer is tested on different prototypes to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

With the severe challenges resulting from global climate change, the role of land use/land cover (LU/LC) optimization in mitigating carbon emissions and promoting carbon cycle balance has gained increasing attention. This study takes Jiangsu Province as a case study, analyzing the changes in LU/LC from 1995 to 2020 and their impacts on carbon emissions and carbon storage. For Jiangsu Province’s five development scenarios in 2030 (business-as-usual, carbon emission, carbon storage, and carbon neutrality scenarios), objective functions and constraints were constructed. The PLUS model was employed to simulate land use for 2030, predicting carbon storage, economic benefits, and ecological benefits under each scenario and evaluating the impact of each scenario on achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The findings indicate that (1) from 1995 to 2020 there were great changes in land use types in Jiangsu Province, with an overall downward trend in carbon storage. (2) The simulated land use quantity structure and spatial patterns for 2030 under different scenarios exhibited significant differences. Compared with the Business-as-Usual Scenario, the other four optimized scenarios achieved a better balance between economic and ecological values. (3) The Integrated Scenario realized optimal synergy between farmland protection, ecological expansion, and economic output, representing the best compromise under multiple objectives. Full article

First-principles calculations were conducted to examine the impact of three sulfonamide-containing molecules (H₄N₂O₂S, CH₈N₄O₃S, and C₂H₂N₆O₄S) adsorbed on the FAPbI₃(001) perovskite surface, aiming to establish a significant positive correlation between the molecular structures and their regulatory effects on the perovskite surface. A systematic comparison was conducted to evaluate the adsorption stability of the three molecules on the two distinct surface terminations. The results show that all three molecules exhibit strong adsorption on the FAPbI₃(001) surface, with C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S demonstrating the most favorable binding stability due to its extended frameworks and multiple electron-donating/withdrawing groups. Simpler molecules lacking carbon skeletons exhibit weaker adsorption and less dependence on surface termination. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD) further corroborated the thermal stability of the stable adsorption configurations at elevated temperatures. Electronic structure analysis reveals that molecular adsorption significantly reconstructs the density of states (DOS) on the PbI₂-terminated surface, inducing shifts in band-edge states and enhancing energy-level coupling between molecular orbitals and surface states. In contrast, the FAI-terminated surface shows weaker interactions. Charge density difference (CDD) analysis indicates that the molecules form multiple coordination bonds (e.g., Pb–O, Pb–S, and Pb–N) with uncoordinated Pb atoms, facilitated by –SO₂–NH₂ groups. Bader charge and work function analyses indicate that the PbI₂-terminated surface exhibits more pronounced electronic coupling and interfacial charge transfer. The C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S adsorption system demonstrates the most substantial reduction in work function. Optical property calculations show a distinct red-shift in the absorption edge along both the XX and YY directions for all adsorption systems, accompanied by enhanced absorption intensity and broadened spectral range. These findings suggest that sulfonamide-containing molecules, particularly C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S with extended carbon skeletons, can effectively stabilize the perovskite interface, optimize charge transport pathways, and enhance light-harvesting performance. Full article

In this study, red mud oxygen carriers were obtained by varying the preparation temperature and characterized using XRD, SEM, BET, and H₂-TPR. The results showed that the oxygen carrier prepared at 1000 °C exhibited high reactivity due to clear grain boundaries, uniform size, high porosity, and smooth grain morphology. Additionally, the release of oxygen was accelerated, as indicated by the H₂-TPR results. The water hyacinth, an aquatic plant of agroforestry waste, was selected as the research object, and the chemical looping gasification (CLG) reaction performance with prepared red mud carriers was investigated. The experiment results showed that the total gas yield (Y_g) of the carriers prepared at 1000 °C reached a maximum of 1.02 Nm^3/kg, had a high low-level heating value (LHV) of 12.06 MJ/Nm³, cold gas efficiency (CGE) of 91.49%, and carbon conversion rate (η_c) of 82.65%. This indicated that the red mud carriers synthesized at 1000 °C have a faster oxygen release rate, more concentrated oxygen release, and stronger reaction activity. Full article

Three-dimensional (3D) food printing (3DFP) is an emerging technology that enables the creation of personalized and functional foods by precisely controlling nutritional content and shape. This study investigated the 3D printability and rheological behavior of cereal–legume starch-based gels formulated with germinated brown rice (GBR) and red adzuki bean (RAB) flours, supplemented with xanthan and guar gums as functional additives. The physicochemical and structural properties of the gels were characterized through FT-IR, rheology, texture analysis, SEM, and sensory evaluation. In addition, the 3D printing fidelity, rheological behavior, color attributes, textural properties, microstructure, and sensory scoring of the printed products were evaluated. The results indicated that the gels exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, with the RABF/GBRF ratio of 1:2 (RG1:2) formulation showing optimal color properties (ΔE* = 0.60 ± 0.86) and the RABF/GBRF ratio of 2:1 (RG2:1) formulation demonstrating superior printing fidelity and structural stability (printing accuracy = 99.37 ± 0.39%). The gels’ mechanical properties, such as hardness and chewiness, were significantly influenced by the RABF and GBRF ratios, with RG2:1 exhibiting the highest hardness (1066.74 ± 102.09) and RG1:2 showing the best springiness (0.64 ± 0.10). The sensory evaluation results indicated that the RABF/GBRF ratios of 1:1 (RG1:1) and RG1:2 had relatively high overall acceptance scores. These findings indicate that specific ratios of RABF and GBRF improve the 3D printability and textural properties of cereal–legume starch-based gels, enhancing their suitability for 3D food printing applications. This study provides valuable insights into the development of personalized and functional cereal–legume starch-based foods using 3DFP technology. Full article

Germinated brown rice (GBR), rich in high starch content and bioactive compounds, has excellent gel-forming properties, rendering it highly promising for applications in food 3D printing, a cutting-edge personalized manufacturing technology. This study systematically investigates the effects of different concentrations of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and curdlan (CD) blends on the 3D printing performance and physicochemical properties of GBR gel. The results indicated that the appropriate addition of KGM/CD blends significantly enhances the printing accuracy and shape retention of GBR gel. Specifically, under the KGM to CD ratio of 3:1 (KC3) formulation obtained by combining 2.25% KGM and 0.75% CD, the printing accuracy was highest with a minimized error of 4.97 ± 0.45%, and optimal structural stability was maintained within 5 h post-printing. Rheological measurements revealed that the flow behavior index (n) of the KC3 system was 0.049 ± 0.014, indicating superior flowability and significantly improved overall rheological stability. Additionally, the blend system not only increased the hardness and gel elasticity of the GBR gel but also significantly enhanced its cohesiveness and adhesiveness, reaching the highest values of 0.323 ± 0.02 and −217.488 ± 22.499, respectively, in the KC3 formulation. Further thermal analysis, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, along with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations, collectively demonstrated that the KGM/CD blend effectively reinforced the stability of the GBR gel network structure. These findings provide theoretical support for optimizing GBR applications in food 3D printing. Full article

By using a soft normal open point (SNOP) to connect multiple distribution networks to form a flexible interconnected distribution system (FIDS), the power distribution can be flexibly and controllably regulated among distribution stations, but it is also necessary to ensure the system’s operational efficiency and maintain voltage quality when carrying out optimal scheduling. In this paper, a FIDS optimal scheduling strategy considering dynamic weight grading is proposed. By considering the voltage overrun status of each distribution station area, the voltage level of each distribution station area is divided into three voltage overrun situations, including normal operation, safe boundary, and protection boundary levels, and an optimal scheduling model applicable to the multi-level operation of the FIDS is constructed. In order to adapt to the coordinated optimal operation objectives under different overrun levels, an optimal operation strategy considering the dynamic weights of system operation cost, voltage deviation, customer satisfaction, and SNOP regulation capability is proposed and finally simulated and verified using the improved IEEE33 node arithmetic case. The results verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper in improving the system’s operational efficiency and node voltage quality. Full article