Search Results (471)

To combat the catastrophic effects of climate change, the usage of renewable energy sources (RESs) has increased dramatically in recent years. The main drivers of the increase in solar photovoltaic (PV) system grid integrations in recent years have been lowering energy costs and pollution. Active and reactive powers are controlled by a proportional–integral controller, whereas energy storage batteries improve the quality of energy by storing both current and voltage, which have an impact on steady-state error. Since traditional controllers are unable to maximize the energy output of solar systems, artificial intelligence (AI) is essential for enhancing the energy generation of PV systems under a variety of climatic conditions. Nevertheless, variations in the weather can have an impact on how well photovoltaic systems function. This paper presents an intelligent power management controller (IPMC) for obtaining power management with load and electric-vehicle applications. The architecture combines the solar PV, battery with electric-vehicle load, and grid system. Initially, the PV architecture is utilized to generate power from the irradiance. The generated power is utilized to compensate for the required load demand on the grid side. The remaining PV power generated is utilized to charge the batteries of electric vehicles. The power management of the PV is obtained by considering the proposed control strategy. The power management controller is a combination of the twisting sliding-mode controller (TSMC) and Modified Pufferfish Optimization Algorithm (MPOA). The proposed method is implemented, and the application results are matched with the Mountain Gazelle Optimizer (MSO) and Beluga Whale Optimization (BWO) Algorithm by evaluating the PV power output, EV power, battery-power and battery-energy utilization, grid power, and grid price to show the merits of the proposed work. Full article

We present lightning-induced ionospheric perturbations in narrowband very-low-frequency (VLF) signals from the transmitters NWC (21.82° S, 114.17° E, 19.8 kHz) and VTX (8.4° N, 77.8° E, 18.6 kHz) recorded at the low-latitude station Dehradun (DDN; 30.3° N, 78.0° E) over a 12-month period from September 2020 to October 2021. Early/slow VLF events, VLF LOREs, and step-like VLF LOREs associated with lightning were analyzed for their onset and recovery times. This study utilized data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), which provides lightning locations and energy estimates. The results show that early/slow VLF events occur most frequently, accounting for approximately 68% of cases, followed by VLF LOREs at 12%, and step-like VLF LOREs at 10%. Furthermore, we observed that 100% of the VLF perturbing events occurred during the nighttime, which is not entirely consistent with previous studies. Moreover, more than 60% of VLF LOREs were associated with lightning energies of approximately 1 kJ, and about 40% were associated with lightning energies of ~10 kJ. Step-like VLF LOREs were linked to WWLLN energies between 1 and 5 kJ. The observed WWLLN energy range is somewhat lower than the energies reported in previous studies. Scattering characteristics revealed that 87.3% of events were associated with wide-angle scattering, while approximately 12.6% were linked to narrow-angle scattering. LWPC version 2.1 was used to simulate these perturbing events and to estimate the reflection height (H′, in km) and the exponential sharpness factor (β, in km⁻¹) corresponding to changes in D-region electron density. The reflection height (H′, in km) and the exponential sharpness factor (β, in km⁻¹) of the D-region varied from 83 to 87 km and from 0.42 to 0.79 km⁻¹ for early/slow VLF events, from 83 to 85 km and from 0.5 to 0.75 km⁻¹ for step-like VLF LOREs, and from 81 to 83 km and from 0.75 to 0.81 km⁻¹ for VLF LOREs, respectively. Full article

Progressive research on reducing engine emissions is highly valued due to the emissions’ significant environmental and health impacts. This comprehensive comparative study examines the catalytic efficiency of manganese (Mn) and cerium silica (Ce-Si) synthesis catalyst-based molds in a diesel engine using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technique with diesel and diesel–plastic oil blend (DPB) (B50). In addition to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method are utilized to characterize the produced molds before and after exhaust gas passes. The Ce-Si-based mold demonstrates superior redox capacity, better adsorption capacity, and better thermal stability, attributed to enhanced oxygen storage and structural integrity compared to the Mn-based mold. Under minimum load conditions, nitrogen oxide (NO) reduction efficiency peaks at 80.70% for the Ce-Si-based mold in the SCR treatment with DPB fuel. Additionally, significant reductions of 86.84%, 65.75%, and 88.88% in hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions, respectively, are achieved in the SCR treatment under optimized conditions. Despite a wide temperature range, Ce-Si-based mold promotes high surface area and superior gas diffusion properties. Overall, the Ce-Si-based mold provides efficient emission control in diesel engines, which paves a path for developing better environmental sustainability. The outcomes contribute to advancing environmental sustainability by supporting the achievement of SDGs 7, 11, and 13. Full article

Some of the most intense thunderstorms and extreme weather events on Earth occur in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region of Southern Asia. The need to provide end users, stakeholders, and decision makers with accurate forecasts and alerts of extreme weather is critical. To that end, a cutting edge weather modeling framework coined the High Impact Weather Assessment Toolkit (HIWAT) was created through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) SERVIR Applied Sciences Team (AST) effort, which consists of a suite of varied numerical weather prediction (NWP) model runs to provide probabilities of straight-line damaging winds, hail, frequent lightning, and intense rainfall as part of a daily 54 h forecast tool. The HIWAT system was first deployed in 2018, and the recently released model archive hosted by the Global Hydrometeorology Resource Center (GHRC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) provides daily model outputs for the years of 2018–2022. With a nested modeling domain covering Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Northeast India, the HIWAT archive spans the critical pre-monsoon and monsoon months of March–October when severe weather and flooding are most frequent. As part of NASA’s Transformation To Open Science (TOPS), this data archive is freely available to practitioners and researchers. Full article

This study investigates cyclical asymmetries in money demand models considering the moderating effect of financial development. Prior research has overlooked this issue in the money demand literature within the Fijian context, where research is outdated. Using annual data from 1983 to 2023, we find that income elasticity is about positive unity, irrespective of recessions or expansions. In expansions, an increase in interest rates reduces money demand. An increase in interest rates reduces money demand nine times more strongly in recessions. These effects are accentuated with financial development. Declining interest rates do not impact money demand. The findings suggest that stable money demand could be achievable, but only once the impact of structural breaks is accounted for. Under ideal conditions—without such breaks—money demand exhibits stability, and its connection to income and interest rates appears predictable. However, in reality, structural disruptions complicate this relationship, making money demand less consistent with its key drivers and undermining the reliability of money supply as a monetary policy instrument. The findings align with the pulling on a string hypothesis that monetary contractions control inflation, but expansions may not impact output. Full article

Data privacy is a crucial concern for individuals using cloud storage services, and cloud service providers are increasingly focused on meeting this demand. However, privacy breaches in the ever-evolving cyber landscape remain a significant threat to cloud storage infrastructures. Previous studies have aimed to address this issue but have often lacked comprehensive coverage of privacy attributes. In response to the identified gap in privacy-preserving techniques for cloud computing, this research paper presents a novel and adaptable framework. This approach introduces a multi-layer encoding storage arrangement combined with the implementation of a one-time password authorization approach. By integrating these elements, the proposed approach aims to enhance both the flexibility and efficiency of data protection in cloud environments. The findings of this study are anticipated to have significant implications, contributing to the advancement of existing techniques and inspiring the development of innovative research-driven solutions. Continuous research efforts are required to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework across diverse contexts and assess its performance against evolving privacy vulnerabilities in cloud computing. Full article

This article focuses on the possibility of using biodegradable polymer-composite materials in additive manufacturing via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. The main objective was to experimentally verify the technical feasibility of the repeated use of recycled PLA and PLA composites containing 10% natural coffee-ground (CG) filler in a print–degradation–recycling–print cycle. Special attention was paid to simulated ultraviolet radiation as a degradation factor affecting the materials’ mechanical properties. Pure PLA and PLA_CG were compared at four levels of degradation time and after subsequent recycling. The results show that the inclusion of coffee-ground filler slightly reduces the initial strength but enhances the 3D-printed material’s resistance to UV degradation and thus extends its functional service life. Unlike pure PLA, which loses its processability after 12 weeks, PLA_CG retains structural integrity and mechanical functionality. The research confirms the potential of recycled PLA composites with natural fillers for sustainable manufacturing and supports their use within a circular economy framework. Full article

Biodegradable magnesium-based composites show potential application in orthopedic implants, with excellent biocompatibility, low density, and biodegradable characteristics inside the human body. In this study, the stir casting procedure was employed to produce magnesium–zinc MMCs (metal matrix composites) reinforced with MgO nanoparticles, and they were characterized intensively. The analyzed compositions were Mg/4Zn, Mg/4Zn/0.4MgO, and Mg/4Zn/0.6MgO. Their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and microstructure were then investigated employing tensile, impact, hardness, wear, and corrosion tests, supplemented with SEM analysis. The results indicate that the Mg-4Zn-0.6MgO composite exhibited the highest performance among the tested formulations, with a tensile strength of 150 MPa, a hardness of 65 HRE (Rockwell Hardness, E-scale), and enhanced corrosion resistance. These improvements are attributed to the uniform dispersion of MgO nanoparticles and the formation of a protective Mg(OH)₂ layer, which together contribute to mechanical reinforcement and controlled degradation behavior. The combination of superior mechanical properties and customizable biodegradability verifies the engineered Mg/4Zn/0.6MgO composite as a promising candidate for a biodegradable orthopedic fixation plate without secondary surgery. Full article

The elliptic pipe jet screech is explored at a pressure ratio from 2 to 6. The pipe length to diameter ratio is 5. The fundamental screech frequency and magnitude are obtained from the sound pressure level spectrum. The screech frequency decreases as the pressure ratio increases. The minor plane has more tones than the major plane at an emission angle of 75 degrees from the jet axis. The amplitude of the screech differs among the planes. The amplitude is higher at lower emission angles from 45 to 75 degrees and lower at a sideline angle of 90 degrees. Full article

This article reveals the various types of complications that are associated with dialysis and kidney-associated disease, including left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, vascular heart disease, arrhythmias, diabetes mellitus, intradialytic hypertension, and coronary heart disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling, have been extensively studied. Patients suffering from CKD need treatment with hemodialysis at the end stages. The kidney is considered the chief excretory organ in humans, which excretes various types of waste materials from the body and balances the acid–base ratio, due to which its role in homeostasis has been considered. When kidneys fail to function properly due to various diseases, hemodialysis plays the role of the kidneys. This procedure involves removing a patient’s blood, filtering it through a dialyzer to remove waste products, and returning the cleaned blood to the body. However, for the hemodialysis procedure, fistula formation is necessary, which is created by specific surgery in which the radial artery and superficial vein are connected in the forearm, near the wrist or elbow. This arteriovenous (AV) fistula creation fails sometimes and causes complications. The prolonged use of hemodialysis procedures and improper care also lead to many complications in chronic kidney patients, which have been discussed in detail in this review article. Full article

This paper undertakes a detailed study of $\eta$-Ricci–Bourguignon solitons on $ϵ$-Kenmotsu manifolds, with particular focus on three special types of Ricci tensors: Codazzi-type, cyclic parallel and cyclic $\eta$-recurrent tensors that support such solitonic structures. We derive key curvature conditions satisfying Ricci semi-symmetric $(R·E=0)$, conharmonically Ricci semi-symmetric $(C(\xi ,{\beta }_X)·E=0)$, $\xi$-projectively flat $(P({\beta }_X,{\beta }_Y)\xi =0)$, projectively Ricci semi-symmetric $(L·P=0)$ and $W_5$-Ricci semi-symmetric $(W(\xi ,{\beta }_Y)·E=0)$, respectively, with the admittance of $\eta$-Ricci–Bourguignon solitons. This work further explores the role of torse-forming vector fields and provides a thorough characterization of $\varphi$-Ricci symmetric indefinite Kenmotsu manifolds admitting $\eta$-Ricci–Bourguignon solitons. Through in-depth analysis, we establish significant geometric constraints that govern the behavior of these manifolds. Finally, we construct explicit examples of indefinite Kenmotsu manifolds that satisfy the $\eta$-Ricci–Bourguignon solitons equation, thereby confirming their existence and highlighting their unique geometric properties. Moreover, these solitonic structures extend soliton theory to indefinite and physically meaningful settings, enhance the classification and structure of complex geometric manifolds by revealing how contact structures behave under advanced geometric flows and link the pure mathematical geometry to applied fields like general relativity. Furthermore, $\eta$-Ricci–Bourguignon solitons provide a unified framework that deepens our understanding of geometric evolution and structure-preserving transformations. Full article

This paper is focused on the modification of commercial resin by using biobased fillers during stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. This research aims to create a composite material with a matrix made of commercially available photosensitive resin modified with a filler based on secondary raw materials and materials formed as by-products in the processing of biological materials. The research determines the effect of different fillers on the tensile properties and hardness of samples printed using SLA 3D printing, and it also investigates their integrity using SEM analysis. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using these fillers for producing 3D-printed parts with SLA technology. The results of this study open up new possibilities for designing modified composite materials based on additive SLA 3D-printing technology using biological fillers. Within the framework of research activities, a positive effect on tensile properties and an improved interfacial interface between the matrix and the filler was demonstrated for several tested fillers. Significant increases in tensile strength of up to 22% occurred in composite systems filled with cotton flakes (CF), miscanthus (MS), walnut (WN), spruce tree (SB), wheat (WT) and eggshells (ES). Significant potential for further research activities and added value was shown by most of the tested bio-fillers. A significant contribution of the current research is the demonstration of the improved mechanical performance of photosensitive resin modified with natural fillers. Full article

Securing food for an expanding population in the face of climate change necessitates a transformation of global food systems towards sustainability, emphasizing nutritional quality and environmental consequences. This research assessed eight cytoplasmic male sterility-based cabbage hybrids and two controls across nine environments from 2020 to 2022 to improve cabbage output and sustainability. Essential characteristics, including head weight, compactness, and yield, were examined, revealing considerable heterogeneity and elevated heritability for features such as ascorbic acid content (98.41%) and net head weight (86.12%). Yield had a favorable correlation with characteristics such as net head weight and harvest index. Path coefficient research revealed that gross and net head weight have the most significant direct effects on yield. Heterosis research indicated UHF-CAB-HYB-1 had the highest significant positive heterosis in yield compared to the standard checks, Pusa Hybrid-81 and Pusa Cabbage-1, across all nine conditions. The results underscore the need to identify essential characteristics for the creation of high-yield, hardy cabbage hybrids, in accordance with sustainable agriculture and food security objectives. Full article

Monkeypox virus (Mpox virus) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus that has gained increased global attention due to recent outbreaks. The current review reports the latest update of Mpox cases from 25 February 2022 to 29 April 2025. It also evaluates the possible major complications in human life caused by Mpox. In early 2022, more than 40 countries reported Mpox outbreaks. As of 12 June 2024, the global case count for the 2022–2023 Mpox outbreak was 97,281 confirmed cases, in 118 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Mpox virus, a zoonotic disease, a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on 14 August 2024. Mpox symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, and face-to-body rashes. The review also highlights Mpox virus replication, genomics, pathology, transmission, diagnosis, and antiviral therapies. The 2022 outbreak is also discussed in detail. The coinfection of HIV in patients infected with Mpox is also discussed. The evolving Mpox epidemiology has raised concerns about the disease’s increasing spread in non-endemic countries, emphasizing the urgent need for control and prevention. The discussion on preventive measures, including vaccination, suggests that cross-protection against Mpox may be possible using orthopoxvirus-specific antibodies. Although there are no specific antiviral drugs available, certain drugs, such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and ribavirin, are worth considering. Full article