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Theory and Technology of Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Resource...
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Theory and Technology of Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Resource Utilization

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "New Sensors, New Technologies and Machine Learning in Water Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2024 | Viewed by 4465

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Helong Gu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Energy Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
Interests: water seepage; multi-field coupling; dynamic response; fracture characteristics; water bearing fracture mechanics; energy dissipation; disaster mechanism of wa-ter-rich coal and rock; disaster prevention
Dr. Xueyi Shang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Interests: mining; mine disaster monitoring; seismology; rock mechanics; machine learning
Dr. Huatao Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: rock dynamics; water inrush mechanism; fluid–structure interaction; slip mecha-nism of water-bearing faults

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The complex hydrogeological conditions in deep mining areas, combined with large-scale and high-intensity mining activities, have triggered a series of mine water disasters and significant resource waste issues. The prevention of mine water hazards and the utilization of water resources are crucial for the safe operation of mines and the efficient utilization of mine water resources. Studying the occurrence mechanism of surrounding coal water disasters, advanced detection and disaster prevention can provide a theoretical basis and effective solutions for mine water treatment.

By studying fundamental mechanics theories of water-bearing coal rocks, technologies for the resource utilization of mine water, mechanisms of surrounding rock water disasters, and advanced technologies for the early warning and prevention of mine water disasters, an accurate prediction of and rapid response to mine water hazards can be achieved. This can minimize the losses caused by mine water disasters and effectively utilize water resources in mines. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to discuss the latest advances in the theory and technology of mine water hazard prevention and resource utilization.

All manuscripts related to the proposed topic are welcome. The Special Issue may include (without being limited to) the following themes:

(1) Fundamental mechanics of water-bearing coal and rock;

(2) Mechanism of surrounding rock water disaster;

(3) Theory and technology of mine water hazard detection;

(4) Theory and technology of monitoring, forewarning, prevention, and control of mine water disasters;

(5) Theory and technology of coordinated exploitation of coal–water dual resources;

(6) Resource utilization of mine water;

(7) Other related technology for mine water disaster prevention and resource utilization.

Given your competence in this area, we invite you to contribute a paper on the aforementioned subjects or others that may be relevant.

Dr. Helong Gu
Dr. Xueyi Shang
Dr. Huatao Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mine water disasters
  • utilization of water resources
  • mine water treatment
  • fundamental mechanics theory of water-bearing coal rocks
  • surrounding rock water disasters
  • warning and prevention of mine water disasters

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 10898 KiB  
Article
Extension Mechanism of Water-Conducting Cracks in the Thick and Hard Overlying Strata of Coal Mining Face
by Dong Wei, Helong Gu, Chungang Wang, Hao Wang, Haoyu Zhu and Yuyang Guo
Water 2024, 16(13), 1883; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131883 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 506
Abstract
It is of great significance for coal safety production and water resource protection in the Yuheng mining area to master the evolution law of water-conducting fractures under the condition of thick and hard overburden. This research focuses on the 2102 fully mechanized mining [...] Read more.
It is of great significance for coal safety production and water resource protection in the Yuheng mining area to master the evolution law of water-conducting fractures under the condition of thick and hard overburden. This research focuses on the 2102 fully mechanized mining face in the Balasu Coal Mine as the research background. The fracture evolution and strata movement characteristics in thick and hard overlying strata are simulated and analyzed by combining numerical simulation with physical simulation, and the formation mechanism of a water-conducting fracture in the overlying strata is revealed and verified by field measurements of the development height of “two zones”. The results show that the anisotropy of fracture propagation in low-position overlying strata is high, and the fracture propagation in high-position overlying strata is mainly vertical, which indicates characteristics of leapfrog development. The number and development height of fractures undergo the change–growth process of “slow–rapid–uniform”. Multiple rock strata together form a complex force chain network with multiple strong chain arches. The local stress concentration leads to the initiation of micro-cracks in contact fractures, and the cracks gradually penetrate from bottom to top and then the strong chain arches are broken. The water-conducting cracks in overlying strata show a dynamic expansion process of “local micro-cracks–jumping cracks–through cracks–water-conducting cracks”. The fracture between the caving zone and fracture zone presents obvious layered characteristics, the overall shape of the water-conducting fracture zone is “saddle-shaped”, and the maximum development height lags behind the coal mining face by about 180 m. Through the observation of water injection leakage and borehole TV observation of three boreholes under underground construction, combined with the results of water pressure tests, it is comprehensively determined that the height of the water-conducting fracture zone is 103.68~107.58, and the fracture–production ratio is 31.42~32.60, which is basically consistent with the results of numerical simulation and physical simulation. This research provides theoretical guidance and a scientific basis for coal mine water disaster prevention under similar geological conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Technology of Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Resource Utilization)
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13 pages, 3566 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study for the Matching of Explosives and Rocks Based on Rock Hydrophysical Properties
by Zhaozhen Zhu and Zhiyong Zhou
Water 2024, 16(13), 1807; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131807 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 776
Abstract
The study of the hydrophysical properties of rocks is indispensable for the development of hydraulic engineering, especially for blasting operations in water. Reasonable matching between explosives and rocks increases the utilization of explosive energy and improves the blasting performances. Based on the energy [...] Read more.
The study of the hydrophysical properties of rocks is indispensable for the development of hydraulic engineering, especially for blasting operations in water. Reasonable matching between explosives and rocks increases the utilization of explosive energy and improves the blasting performances. Based on the energy law in the rock blasting process, the matching relationship between explosives and rock is studied by combining experimental and theoretical methods for the hydrophysical properties of the rock itself. Firstly, the theoretical solutions for crushing-zone energy, fragmentation energy and fragment-throwing energy are derived. Subsequently, concrete blocks are prepared with four types of cement–sand ratios, and four types of emulsion explosives are used to carry out single-hole blasting tests in which a high-speed camera is used to capture the trajectory of the blasting fragments that are later collected. Finally, the crushing energy, fracturing energy and fragment-throwing energy are calculated according to the test results and the basic parameters of the used explosives and concrete models. The results show that the size and distribution pattern of blasting blocks are significantly affected by the hydrophysical properties of concrete and explosive properties; the higher the energy consumption in the rupture zone, the smaller the size of the fragments and the more uniform the distribution. Moreover, the median utilization efficiency of explosive energy on rock breaking is 26.4%, the energy consumption in the crushing zone is approximately 8.4%, that in the rupture zone is approximately 10.9%, and that in the throwing energy of fragments accounts for approximately 7.1%. It is also found that the traditional wave impedance matching theory fails to obtain the best explosive energy utilization. On the contrary, the concrete specimen had the best fracturing effect and the highest energy utilization of 30.77% when the impedance ratio of concrete to explosives is 1.479. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Technology of Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Resource Utilization)
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19 pages, 9468 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Mechanism of Land Subsidence Due to Water Network Integration at the Guangzhou Longgui Salt Mine and Its Impact on Adjacent Subway
by Nan Zhang, Xuchao Liu, Yun Zhang, Helong Gu, Baoxu Yan, Qianjun Jia and Xinrong Gao
Water 2024, 16(12), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16121723 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 549
Abstract
Water-soluble mining was invariably associated with surface subsidence, which in some cases escalated to the movement, deformation, and even collapse of the overlying rock layers, triggering grave subsidence calamities. The caprock of the salt-bearing strata in the Longgui salt rock mining area was [...] Read more.
Water-soluble mining was invariably associated with surface subsidence, which in some cases escalated to the movement, deformation, and even collapse of the overlying rock layers, triggering grave subsidence calamities. The caprock of the salt-bearing strata in the Longgui salt rock mining area was closely adjacent to the third aquifer, which mainly consisted of fractured, porous, high-permeability materials such as mudstone conglomerates, rendering the geological conditions highly complex. Years of water-soluble mining had led to significant surface subsidence in the mining area, with a trend toward accelerated subsidence. In this study, the geological conditions of the Longgui salt rock mining area were analyzed, and through simulated experiments of pillar dissolution mining, the mechanisms of surface subsidence in the area were examined. Over time, the dissolution gradually perforated the pillars and caprock, with the pillars ceasing to support the caprock, ultimately transforming small cavities into a large single cavity. Utilizing subsidence data, this research employed numerical simulation to inverse and predict subsidence patterns from 2019 to 2025, revealing that the maximum subsidence reached 1367.6 mm in mining area I and 1879.5 mm in mining area II, with subsidence rates of 12.05 mm/y and 44.78 mm/y, respectively. Moreover, the impact of ground subsidence on the construction of adjacent subways was assessed by establishing monitoring points and evaluating subsidence along subway cross-sections and longitudinal directions. The findings provided valuable insights for guiding the prevention and control of surface subsidence calamities in the Longgui salt rock mine and similar mining areas in Guangzhou, China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Technology of Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Resource Utilization)
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18 pages, 4636 KiB  
Article
Determination of Critical Damage Size of Inclined Waterproof Coal Pillar under Asymmetric Load
by Xingping Lai, Xiaoqian Yuchi, Helong Gu, Pengfei Shan and Wenhua Yang
Water 2024, 16(9), 1233; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16091233 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 666
Abstract
Quantitative determination of the critical size of an inclined coal pillar in an old goaf water-affected area is of great significance for water damage prevention and safe mining. The critical size of the inclined waterproof coal pillar is derived by using mechanical analyses, [...] Read more.
Quantitative determination of the critical size of an inclined coal pillar in an old goaf water-affected area is of great significance for water damage prevention and safe mining. The critical size of the inclined waterproof coal pillar is derived by using mechanical analyses, numerical calculations, and field engineering practices to determine the stability of the waterproof coal pillar in the old goaf water-affected area of the 1303 working face of Dananhu No. 1 Mine in the Xinjiang region. Firstly, a force model of the inclined waterproof coal pillar was established to reveal the law that the critical size of the coal pillar increases with the increase in coal seam inclination under the action of asymmetric load. Then, numerical simulation was applied to reveal the dynamic evolution processes of plastic deformation–destabilization of the coal pillar under the influence of mining and single-side water pressure, and the critical size of the coal pillar in the study area was determined to be 19.09 m. Finally, measures such as pumping pressure relief and slurry reinforcement were adopted to reduce the deformation rate of the roadway on the side of the coal pillar, which ensured the stability of the waterproof coal pillar and the safe mining of the working face. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Technology of Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Resource Utilization)
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15 pages, 2403 KiB  
Article
A Connectivity Metrics-Based Approach for the Prediction of Stress-Dependent Fracture Permeability
by Qinglin Deng, Xueyi Shang and Ping He
Water 2024, 16(5), 697; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050697 - 27 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 768
Abstract
Rapid and accurate assessment of fracture permeability is critical for subsurface resource and energy development as well as rock engineering stability. Fracture permeability deviates from the classical cubic law under the effect of roughness, geological stress, as well as mining-induced stress. Conventional laboratory [...] Read more.
Rapid and accurate assessment of fracture permeability is critical for subsurface resource and energy development as well as rock engineering stability. Fracture permeability deviates from the classical cubic law under the effect of roughness, geological stress, as well as mining-induced stress. Conventional laboratory tests and numerical simulations are commonly costly and time-consuming, whereas the use of a connectivity metric based on percolation theory can quickly predict fracture permeability, but with relatively low accuracy. For this reason, we selected two static connectivity metrics with the highest and lowest prediction accuracy in previous studies, respectively, and proposed to revise and use them for fracture permeability estimation, considering the effect of isolated large-aperture regions within the fractures under increasing normal stress. Several hundred fractures with different fractal dimensions and mismatch lengths were numerically generated and deformed, and their permeability was calculated by the local cubic law (LCL). Based on the dataset, the connectivity metrics were counted using the revised approach, and the results show that, regardless of the connectivity metrics, the new model greatly improves the accuracy of permeability prediction compared to the pre-improved model, by at least 8% for different cutoff aperture thresholds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Technology of Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Resource Utilization)
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