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Advances in Extreme Hydrological Events Modeling
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Advances in Extreme Hydrological Events Modeling

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 1307

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Majid Mirzaei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Interests: climate extremes; climate change; flood modeling; uncertainty analysis; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Water, titled "Advances in Extreme Hydrological Events Modeling", aims to provide a scientific platform for exploring innovative methodologies and advanced tools to enhance the understanding, prediction, and management of extreme hydrological events. These phenomena, including extreme precipitation, droughts, floods, and streamflow extremes, represent critical challenges under the influence of a changing climate.

We invite high-quality research contributions focusing on the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of extreme precipitation events. Submissions that advance the analysis of streamflow extremes and their recurrence intervals are particularly welcome, as these metrics are essential for understanding the dynamics of riverine systems during extreme events. Furthermore, we invite contributions utilizing machine learning, deep learning, and innovative approaches to advance the prediction, analysis, and management of extreme precipitation, droughts, floods, and streamflow variability. This Special Issue emphasizes the significance of uncertainty analysis in modeling extreme hydrological events. We seek research that quantifies uncertainties in precipitation, streamflow, and other hydrological extremes, providing robust frameworks for improved predictive modeling and risk assessments. Innovative approaches integrating uncertainty quantification into hydrological and climate models are particularly valuable.

Additionally, we encourage submissions that showcase the application of data assimilation techniques to improve the accuracy of extreme event predictions. These approaches are critical for integrating observational data with model outputs, enabling real-time forecasting and enhanced decision-making capabilities. We welcome research that advances our understanding of drought dynamics and flood events, including their spatiotemporal characteristics, causative factors, and long-term trends. Contributions that investigate the impacts of climate change on these hydrological extremes, along with adaptive strategies to mitigate their adverse effects, are highly relevant to this Special Issue. By bringing together a diverse collection of original research articles, comprehensive review papers, and practical case studies, this Special Issue aims to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and advance the scientific knowledge required to address the complex challenges of extreme hydrological events.

Dr. Majid Mirzaei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extreme hydrological events
  • extreme precipitation
  • frequency analysis
  • drought
  • floods
  • climate change impacts
  • uncertainty analysis
  • data assimilation
  • hydrological modeling
  • machine learning
  • deep learning

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 6710 KiB  
Article
Extreme Precipitation Dynamics and El Niño–Southern Oscillation Influences in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
by Deepak Chaulagain, Ram Lakhan Ray, Abdulfati Olatunji Yakub, Noel Ngando Same, Jaebum Park, Anthony Fon Tangoh, Jong Wook Roh, Dongjun Suh, Jeong-Ok Lim and Jeung-Soo Huh
Water 2025, 17(9), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17091397 - 6 May 2025
Viewed by 276
Abstract
Understanding historical climatic extremes and variability is crucial for effective climate change adaptation, particularly for urban flood management in developing countries. This study investigates historical precipitation trends in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, focusing on precipitation frequency, intensity, and the influence of the El [...] Read more.
Understanding historical climatic extremes and variability is crucial for effective climate change adaptation, particularly for urban flood management in developing countries. This study investigates historical precipitation trends in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, focusing on precipitation frequency, intensity, and the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), using extreme precipitation indices and the precipitation concentration index (PCI). The results reveal sharply fluctuating short-term precipitation from 1980 to 2022, with the exception of an increasing trend during spring (1.17 mm/year) and a decreasing trend in November and December. Trends in extreme precipitation indices are mixed: RX7day shows an increasing trend of 0.1 mm/year, with decadal analysis (1980–2001 and 2002–2022) indicating similar upward patterns. In contrast, RX1day, RX3day, RX5day, and R95pTOT exhibit inconsistent trends, while R99pTOT demonstrates a decreasing trend over the full period (1980–2022). Although the number of days with precipitation ≥ 35 mm has declined, the increasing trend in 7-day maximum precipitation, coupled with no significant change in total annual precipitation and highly variable short-term rainfall, points to a rising risk of unexpected extreme precipitation events. Precipitation patterns in the Kathmandu Valley remain highly irregular across seasons, except during summer. ENSO exhibits a negative correlation with annual precipitation, extreme precipitation indices, and the PCI but shows a positive correlation with the annual and summer PCI as well as 1-day maximum precipitation, emphasizing its significant influence on precipitation variability. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted climate adaptation strategies and provide valuable insights for hydrologists, meteorologists, policymakers, and urban planners to enhance climate resilience and improve flood management in the Kathmandu Valley. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Extreme Hydrological Events Modeling)
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29 pages, 5493 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Water-Sensitive Urban Design Techniques on Stormwater Quantity Management at a Residential Allotment Scale
by Samira Rashetnia, Ashok K. Sharma, Anthony R. Ladson, Dale Browne and Ehsan Yaghoubi
Water 2025, 17(6), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060899 - 20 Mar 2025
Viewed by 631
Abstract
Rapid population growth and urbanization are transforming natural landscapes into built environments, resulting in increased stormwater runoff, which poses significant challenges for local governments to manage. Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) techniques have been implemented to enhance urban stormwater quality, but their effectiveness in [...] Read more.
Rapid population growth and urbanization are transforming natural landscapes into built environments, resulting in increased stormwater runoff, which poses significant challenges for local governments to manage. Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) techniques have been implemented to enhance urban stormwater quality, but their effectiveness in managing stormwater quantity and quality across different scales remains uncertain. This study examines the capacity of various WSUD approaches to reduce stormwater runoff volume and peak flow rates in a residential allotment transitioning from a single dwelling to a redeveloped condition with two dwellings. The tested techniques included a rainwater tank, infiltration trench, rain garden, vegetated swale, and permeable pavement. For storm events with a 1-in-5-year Annual Recurrence Interval (ARI)—aligning with typical piped drainage design standards—peak flow rates were reduced by 90% in the redeveloped scenario. Smaller storm events, up to a 1-in-1-year ARI, were frequently eliminated, thereby minimizing disturbances to waterways caused by frequent runoff discharges. Among the tested techniques, the combination of a rainwater tank, rain garden, and infiltration trench demonstrated the greatest effectiveness in reducing stormwater runoff volume and peak flow rates despite considerations of life cycle costs. These findings highlight the potential of integrated WSUD techniques in addressing urban stormwater management challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Extreme Hydrological Events Modeling)
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