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Veterinary Sciences
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Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Diseases—2nd Edition
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Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Diseases—2nd Edition

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 10154

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Brad J. White

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Beef Cattle Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
Interests: bovine respiratory disease; beef cattle; disease diagnosis; predictive models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent and economically important disease in the cattle industry. The overall impact varies by production system and animal demographics. Despite advances in understanding of epidemiology, prevention methods, and therapeutic interventions, BRD remains a major disease in the cattle industry. The purpose of this Special Issue on “Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Disease” is to align knowledge from multiple areas of research on this syndrome with the goal of generating a resource for current and future researchers. The scope of this Special Issue covers all aspects of BRD in cattle, ranging from the stages of production (pre-weaned and post-weaned cattle) to the type of operation (beef, dairy, intensively and extensively managed). Contributions can include a variety of aspects of BRD management, including epidemiology, diagnosis, economics, prevention, vaccinations, and therapy. This Special Issue will build on the existing literature and create a collection of articles not only summarizing current knowledge, but also providing a baseline for the next steps in BRD research.

Prof. Dr. Brad J. White
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bovine respiratory disease
  • Mannheimia haemolytica
  • Pasteurella multocida
  • Histophilus somni
  • Mycoplasma bovis
  • bovine viral diarrhea
  • infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
  • parainfluenza 3
  • epidemiology
  • vaccinations
  • prevention and control
  • diagnosis
  • mortality
  • economics

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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19 pages, 410 KiB  
Article
Laboratory Testing to Inform Antimicrobial Use for Bovine Respiratory Disease: Perceptions of Canadian Feedlot Veterinarians
by Olufunto O. Adewusi, Candace I. J. Nykiforuk, Cheryl L. Waldner, Nathan E. N. Erickson, Sheryl P. Gow and Simon J. G. Otto
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(5), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050409 - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 252
Abstract
Timely, accurate, and reliable laboratory tools are important for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in food animal production. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify factors that influence live animal respiratory sample collection for laboratory testing and (2) describe the potential for integration [...] Read more.
Timely, accurate, and reliable laboratory tools are important for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in food animal production. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify factors that influence live animal respiratory sample collection for laboratory testing and (2) describe the potential for integration of laboratory testing of samples from live animals into an AMS strategy for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) management in Canadian feedlots. Utilizing focused ethnography, virtual key informant interviews were conducted with eight feedlot veterinarians from Alberta, Ontario, and Saskatchewan, Canada. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) lived experience of feedlot veterinarians with laboratory testing for BRD pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), (2) evidence-informed BRD management that integrates multiple data sources and their components, (3) organizational factors that affect the uptake and use of laboratory tests, and (4) the role of laboratory testing to support AMS in BRD management. While sample collection and laboratory testing are commonly used for BRD and AMR research and surveillance, they are not routinely applied in everyday BRD management. Veterinarians identified key challenges with laboratory testing, including turnaround time, the need for clear benefits, practical implementation, and effective communication with feedlot managers. Laboratory testing must provide valuable, actionable insights to encourage its adoption in Canadian feedlot operations. If successful, such testing could support AMS and be used to justify antimicrobial use if this were to become a regulatory or market requirement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Diseases—2nd Edition)
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10 pages, 1122 KiB  
Article
Establishment of a Real-Time Reverse Transcription Recombinase-Aided Isothermal Amplification (qRT-RAA) Assay for the Rapid Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
by Guanxin Hou, Siping Zhu, Hong Li, Chihuan Li, Xiaochen Liu, Chao Ren, Xintong Zhu, Qiumei Shi and Zhiqiang Zhang
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(12), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120589 - 24 Nov 2024
Viewed by 990
Abstract
Background: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a significant cause of bovine respiratory disease, resulting in significant losses to the cattle industry. For rapid detection of BRSV, a real-time recombinase-aided isothermal amplification assay (qRT-RAA) based on the F gene of BRSV was developed [...] Read more.
Background: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a significant cause of bovine respiratory disease, resulting in significant losses to the cattle industry. For rapid detection of BRSV, a real-time recombinase-aided isothermal amplification assay (qRT-RAA) based on the F gene of BRSV was developed in this study. Results: The developed qRT-RAA assay showed good exponential amplification of the target fragment in 20 min at a constant temperature of 39 °C. And this assay displayed a high specificity for BRSV, without cross-reactions with Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV), Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (BPIV3), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), and Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV). With the standard RNA of BRSV serving as a template, the limit of detection for qRT-RAA was 102 copies/μL. We examined ninety-seven clinical samples from cattle with respiratory disease using this method and determined a positive rate of 7.2% (7/97), consistent with results using the classical PCR method reported previously. Conclusions: A qRT-RAA assay for BRSV detection was established in this study. The method is specific and sensitive and can be completed within 20 min at 39 °C. These works demonstrate that the generated qRT-RAA assay is an effective diagnostic tool for rapidly detecting BRSV in resource-limited settings, which may be applied for the clinical detection of BRSV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Diseases—2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 5629 KiB  
Article
Image Classification and Automated Machine Learning to Classify Lung Pathologies in Deceased Feedlot Cattle
by Eduarda M. Bortoluzzi, Paige H. Schmidt, Rachel E. Brown, Makenna Jensen, Madeline R. Mancke, Robert L. Larson, Phillip A. Lancaster and Brad J. White
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020113 - 3 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3881
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) are the main reported respiratory syndromes (RSs) causing significant morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Recently, bronchopneumonia with an interstitial pattern (BIP) was described as a concerning emerging feedlot lung disease. Necropsies are imperative [...] Read more.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) are the main reported respiratory syndromes (RSs) causing significant morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Recently, bronchopneumonia with an interstitial pattern (BIP) was described as a concerning emerging feedlot lung disease. Necropsies are imperative to assist lung disease diagnosis and pinpoint feedlot management sectors that require improvement. However, necropsies can be logistically challenging due to location and veterinarians’ time constraints. Technology advances allow image collection for veterinarians’ asynchronous evaluation, thereby reducing challenges. This study’s goal was to develop image classification models using machine learning to determine RS diagnostic accuracy in right lateral necropsied feedlot cattle lungs. Unaltered and cropped lung images were labeled using gross and histopathology diagnoses generating four datasets: unaltered lung images labeled with gross diagnoses, unaltered lung images labeled with histopathological diagnoses, cropped images labeled with gross diagnoses, and cropped images labeled with histopathological diagnoses. Datasets were exported to create image classification models, and a best trial was selected for each model based on accuracy. Gross diagnoses accuracies ranged from 39 to 41% for unaltered and cropped images. Labeling images with histopathology diagnoses did not improve average accuracies; 34–38% for unaltered and cropped images. Moderately high sensitivities were attained for BIP (60–100%) and BRD (20–69%) compared to AIP (0–23%). The models developed still require fine-tuning; however, they are the first step towards assisting veterinarians’ lung diseases diagnostics in field necropsies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Diseases—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 803 KiB  
Article
An Evaluation of Temporal Distributions of High, Low, and Zero Cohort Morbidity of Cumulative First Treatment Bovine Respiratory Disease and Their Associations with Demographic, Health, and Performance Outcomes in US Feedlot Cattle
by Blaine Johnson, Brad White, Phillip Lancaster and Robert Larson
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(2), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020089 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1975
Abstract
Timing and magnitude of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) can impact intervention and overall economics of cattle on feed. Furthermore, there is a need to better describe when cattle are being treated for BRD. The first objective was to perform a cluster analysis on [...] Read more.
Timing and magnitude of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) can impact intervention and overall economics of cattle on feed. Furthermore, there is a need to better describe when cattle are being treated for BRD. The first objective was to perform a cluster analysis on the temporal distributions of cumulative first treatment BRD from HIGH (≥15% of cattle received treated for BRD) and LOW cohorts (>0 and <15% of cattle received treated for BRD) to assess cohort-level timing (days on feed) of BRD first treatments. The second objective was to determine associations among cluster groups (temporal patterns) and demographic risk factors, health outcomes, and performance. Cluster analysis determined that optimal number of clustering groups for the HIGH morbidity cohort was six clusters and LOW morbidity cohort was seven clusters. Cohorts with zero BRD treatment records were added for statistical comparisons. Total death loss, BRD morbidity, average daily gain (ADG), railing rate, days to 50% BRD, cattle received, shrink, arrival weight, and sex were associated with temporal groups (p < 0.05). These data could be used as a tool for earlier identification and potential interventions for cohorts based on the BRD temporal pattern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Diseases—2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 983 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review on the Impact of Vaccination for Respiratory Disease on Antibody Titer Responses, Health, and Performance in Beef and Dairy Cattle
by Hudson R. McAllister, Bradly I. Ramirez, Molly E. Crews, Laura M. Rey, Alexis C. Thompson, Sarah F. Capik and Matthew A. Scott
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(12), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120599 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1848
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex commonly affecting beef and dairy operations. Vaccination against major BRD-related pathogens is routinely performed for disease prevention; however, uniform reporting of health and performance outcomes is infrequent. Our objective was to evaluate the effect [...] Read more.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex commonly affecting beef and dairy operations. Vaccination against major BRD-related pathogens is routinely performed for disease prevention; however, uniform reporting of health and performance outcomes is infrequent. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of commercially available BRD-pathogen vaccination on titer response with respect to health or performance in beef and dairy cattle. This study was conducted under Prisma 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews and PRESS guidelines utilizing five databases. Criteria for study inclusion were as follows: research conducted in the USA or Canada, between 1982 and 10 October 2022, on beef or dairy cattle, using a commercially available vaccine labeled for a respiratory pathogen of interest, which evaluated antibody titers alongside either performance or morbidity. A total of 3020 records underwent title and abstract evaluation. Full-text analysis was conducted on 466 reports; 101 studies were included in the final review. Approximately 74% of included studies were beef cattle-based versus 26% dairy cattle-based. This review aimed to assess how vaccination titer responses affect beef and dairy cattle health and performance, but varying study methods made comparisons difficult, highlighting the need for consistent reporting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Diseases—2nd Edition)
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