Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development

A special issue of Urban Science (ISSN 2413-8851).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 21698

Special Issue Editors

School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: transport equity; social exclusion; transport governance; rural transport and society

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Guest Editor
School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: rural geography; rural development; spatial planning; transport geography

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Guest Editor
UCL Energy Institute, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London WC1H 0NN, UK
Interests: sustainable transport; urban mobility; social equity; urban planning; urban systems modelling; sustainable cities
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in the Global South, problems such as youth outmigration, the “hollowing-out” of villages, the wellbeing of left-behind children and empty nesters, and land abandonment have emerged and prevailed in rural areas in the Global South. Moreover, since rural outmigrants have long been marginalised, socially excluded, and discriminated against in cities, many of them have returned to the rural regions where they originated. Their return has also imposed new challenges to the rural healthcare and welfare system.

In order to address these challenges, there have been calls for rural revitalisation since the new millennium. Whilst the economic restructuring and poverty alleviation in rural areas have increasingly become a cause for concern among academics and practitioners, changes in everyday lives of rural residents and the lineage-based rural society and culture have yet to receive adequate attention. This can be extremely problematic as the rural can never really be more than an appurtenance of the city whilst rural civil society remains a dysfunctional “empty shell”. A rural revitalisation should be first and foremost the revitalisation of the rural society and culture. Therefore, this Special Issue “Rural–urban Transformation and Regional Development in the Global South” calls for research on alternative conceptualisations of the rural, further crystallisation of rural residents’ everyday activities (including activities rural residents are currently conducting and what they might do differently to thrive), and pathways toward a more vital rural society. This Special Issue is expected to widen our knowledge by exploring interdisciplinary approaches and theories designed to enable more human-centred approaches to rural planning, policies, governance, and society in the Global South and beyond.

The Special Issue will comprise a collection of original research articles, viewpoint pieces, discussion papers, and review papers on (but not limited to) the following topics:

  • Reconceptualisation of rurality;
  • Reflections on the rural-urban dichotomy;
  • The identity politics of rural-urban migrants and homecoming migrants;
  • The everyday activities of rural residents;
  • Rural governance, communities, neighbourhoods and social justice;
  • Societal and cultural changes in rural areas;
  • Rural greenery, landscape features, public spaces, wellbeing and health;
  • Rural transport and regional development;
  • Rural business and the local economy;
  • Rural gentrification and displacement;
  • Recreation of rurality and rural tourism development;
  • Rural resilience and social life;
  • Rural (re)settlement, liveability and environmental sustainability;
  • Rural migrants, land use development and sustainable planning;
  • Rural financialisation and urban–rural disparities;
  • Rural public space, design and sustainable development

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Qiyang Liu
Dr. Zhengying Liu
Dr. Mengqiu Cao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Urban Science is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • rural–urban transformation
  • rural society
  • rural governance
  • rural revitalisation
  • rural transport
  • rural development
  • rural planning

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 20350 KiB  
Article
Planning Blue–Green Infrastructure for Facing Climate Change: The Case Study of Bucharest and Its Metropolitan Area
by Antonio-Valentin Tache, Oana-Cătălina Popescu and Alexandru-Ionuț Petrișor
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(4), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8040250 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 512
Abstract
Planning for a green–blue infrastructure system around big cities, having the shape of a belt, to connect natural areas—such as green spaces, water, and agricultural land—is a solution for mitigating the challenges of climate change and urban sprawl. In this context, this study [...] Read more.
Planning for a green–blue infrastructure system around big cities, having the shape of a belt, to connect natural areas—such as green spaces, water, and agricultural land—is a solution for mitigating the challenges of climate change and urban sprawl. In this context, this study presents an innovative information technology solution for assessing the connectivity of the green and blue areas in the metropolitan area of Bucharest, Romania. The solution is to try to stop the sprawl of Bucharest into the adjacent rural areas and answer the need for a green infrastructure providing ecosystem services. The methodology uses datasets compatible with the European databases on environmental issues, CORINE Land Cover 2018 and Urban Atlas, and two tools in the ArcGIS PRO 2.9 software package, namely Cost Raster and Cost Connectivity. Based on the results, we developed a framework for implementing a strategy for the green–blue infrastructure for the Bucharest metropolitan area. Our methodology is a starter for planning a green–blue belt for the metropolitan area of Bucharest and a model of good practice in terms of making green–blue infrastructure part of urban and territorial planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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39 pages, 3309 KiB  
Article
From a Traditional City to a Smart City: The Measurement of Cities’ Readiness for Transition, Egypt as a Case Study
by Ahmed Hassebo, Mohamed Tealab and Mosaad Hamouda
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(4), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8040212 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 599
Abstract
The transition from traditional legacy cities to smart cities represents a pivotal juncture in urban development and governance. As cities worldwide grapple with the challenges of rapid urbanization, resource constraints, and the need to enhance the quality of life for their citizens, the [...] Read more.
The transition from traditional legacy cities to smart cities represents a pivotal juncture in urban development and governance. As cities worldwide grapple with the challenges of rapid urbanization, resource constraints, and the need to enhance the quality of life for their citizens, the concept of a “smart city” has gained significant attention. This paper delves into the multifaceted process of urban transformation, shedding light on the essential criteria and considerations that guide a city’s conversion into a smart city. To provide a comprehensive framework for the conversion process, this paper outlines a computer program utilized to measure the readiness to transform a traditional city into a smart city. The transformation criteria encompass technological innovation, data-driven decision-making, infrastructure development, and effective governance models. It explores the significance of citizen engagement, privacy concerns, and sustainability in shaping the transformation process. Case studies of potential cities in Egypt that are ready to be successfully transformed into smart cities are presented to illustrate how these criteria have been applied in real-world contexts. Ultimately, this paper provides a roadmap for city planners, policymakers, and urban stakeholders, offering guidance on the essential elements and considerations required to navigate this complex and transformative journey successfully. In an era where urbanization continues to accelerate, the transition to smart cities is not merely a futuristic concept but a pressing necessity for ensuring the sustainability and prosperity of our cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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31 pages, 1836 KiB  
Article
Polycentric Urban System, Territorial Development and Resilience of the Rural Population (Extremadura, Spain)
by José-Luis Gurría-Gascón, José-Manuel Sánchez-Martín, Enrique-Eugenio Ruiz-Labrador and Ana-María Hernández-Carretero
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(3), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030144 - 19 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1699
Abstract
Over the last several decades, cities have seen concentrated development and population increase. It is a global process, still unfinished, that has simultaneously generated strong territorial imbalances because of socioeconomic backwardness and depopulation of rural areas. The alternative proposed by all institutions is [...] Read more.
Over the last several decades, cities have seen concentrated development and population increase. It is a global process, still unfinished, that has simultaneously generated strong territorial imbalances because of socioeconomic backwardness and depopulation of rural areas. The alternative proposed by all institutions is a polycentric urban system, so that cities contribute to decentralizing this development towards their respective areas of influence, thus stabilizing the populations in them. Extremadura is a paradigmatic example, since it has a polycentric system of small cities that have been able to retain half of the population in rural areas. The objective of this article, first, is to define the urban structure and, based on this, typify the range, the hierarchy of the system and its territorial distribution, for which a multivariate analysis is applied. Secondly, a series of isochrones and displacement ranges are defined to analyze urban accessibility, which is key to determining the degree of decentralization of development and population stability. However, a wide peripheral and remote strip remains in the region, for which a concrete proposal is finally made for discussion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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27 pages, 45220 KiB  
Article
Self-Sustainable Modular Design in Rural Housing and Experiential Tourism in El Callejón de Conchucos, Ancash
by Vanessa Raymundo, Sol Mansilla, Doris Esenarro, Carlos Vargas, Elias Huerta, Diego Fernandez and Pedro Martinez
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(3), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030138 - 12 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1307
Abstract
The present research has the objective of proposing the design of rural housing infrastructure with self-sustainable modular design strategies that allow for a regional conservation area within the Callejón de Conchucos. The absence of adequate territorial planning has led to disorganized urban growth, [...] Read more.
The present research has the objective of proposing the design of rural housing infrastructure with self-sustainable modular design strategies that allow for a regional conservation area within the Callejón de Conchucos. The absence of adequate territorial planning has led to disorganized urban growth, characterized by the lack of green areas, resulting in a negative impact on the quality of urban life of the inhabitants, increasing their risk to natural disasters. The methodology employed was the analysis of extensive research through a comprehensive literature review, urban studies and climate assessments. Sustainability strategies were implemented using various digital tools, such as Climate Consultant, Google Earth and maps, AutoCAD, Revit, SketchUp and 3D Sun path. Therefore, the proposal allows for the enhancement of comfort through spaces for the conservation of natural resources, taking advantage of its landscape and nature of the place, with the characteristics of sustainability in rural and urban housing in high Andean areas, implementing bioclimatic strategies, such as evaporative cooling, and clean technologies that allow for an energy efficiency of 50%. In conclusion, the proposal for the Callejón de Conchucos seeks to transform the region into an attractive tourist destination by providing high-quality ecosystem services and an enriched cultural experience by integrating modular design criteria and employing sustainable and appropriate technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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16 pages, 2595 KiB  
Article
Urban Outmigration and Student Mobility towards Rural Schools: Are We in an Early Stage of Rural Revival?
by Carmen Gloria Núñez, Víctor Salinas-Silva, Pablo Cáceres-Serrano and Bryan González-Niculcar
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(3), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030105 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1245
Abstract
Rural education is a strategic sector for rural revival projects. The presence and state of rural schools is an indicator on the sustainability of rural communities in its economic, social, and ecosystemic interactions. This study explores the Chilean case as it shows a [...] Read more.
Rural education is a strategic sector for rural revival projects. The presence and state of rural schools is an indicator on the sustainability of rural communities in its economic, social, and ecosystemic interactions. This study explores the Chilean case as it shows a movement in student mobility towards rural schools. Based on new data from the Ministry of Education, the study shows that primary school students indicate a shift in tutors and families’ preferences for rural schools, as rural schools’ enrolment has increased by 1% in the 2015–2020 period. In the context of a market-based education system, the data indicate a process in which rural systems are seen as viable alternatives for families. There is a clear landmark in rural mobility during the pandemic years; however, the study concludes that there is no indication of a catalyst for migration different from previous years or signs of rural revival yet. We suggest that further studies should be conducted to map how this trend may be replicating in different countries and geographies, as well as to ponder its implications for rural communities and its capacity to harbor urban out-migration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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23 pages, 14369 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Land Use and Community Perception in Peri-Urban Environments: The Case of the Intermediate City in Indonesia
by Ibnu Sasongko, Ardiyanto Maksimilianus Gai and Vidya Trisandini Azzizi
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030097 - 25 Jul 2024
Viewed by 829
Abstract
The emergence of a peri-urban area is driven by a high degree of accessibility in the suburbs due to the development of housing and urban facilities. Such a phenomenon requires specialized planning approaches in accordance with the peri-urban dynamics, where there is no [...] Read more.
The emergence of a peri-urban area is driven by a high degree of accessibility in the suburbs due to the development of housing and urban facilities. Such a phenomenon requires specialized planning approaches in accordance with the peri-urban dynamics, where there is no clear distinction between a wholly urban and a wholly rural area. The objectives of this research are to (1) identify land-use change of the peri-urban area; (2) analyze the zoning typology of peri-urban area span across 20 years; and (3) identify the settlement pattern and community perception of the peri-urban area. This research observes land-use change in an Indonesian peri-urban area using geographic information system (GIS) analysis in the urban frame zone, urban–rural frame zone, rural–urban frame zone, and rural frame zone during 2012–2022 and land-use change prediction for 2022–2032. Consequent community perception analysis was conducted to comprehend complex interactions in the urban–rural continuum. Results indicate that by 2032, urban characteristics shall become significantly more prominent in 50% of the peri-urban area compared to 2012, due to better accessibility and the presence of nationwide migrant attractors, such as universities. Spatial planning must address these varying dynamics to effectively manage the development of urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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15 pages, 1468 KiB  
Article
Regional Innovation Systems as a Remedy for Structurally Affected Regions—Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic
by Adam Janošec, Gabriela Chmelíková, Ivana Blažková and Kristina Somerlíková
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(3), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030088 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 845
Abstract
Structurally affected regions face a necessary economic transformation, for which the efficiency of public financial support is crucial. Regional innovation systems represent a modern approach to regional and urban development focusing on innovation and research activities. The aim of this study is to [...] Read more.
Structurally affected regions face a necessary economic transformation, for which the efficiency of public financial support is crucial. Regional innovation systems represent a modern approach to regional and urban development focusing on innovation and research activities. The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a difference in the effect of public R&D funding on the development of a region’s innovation environment between structurally affected and other regions. The beta convergence and the method of calculating the average efficiency of public funds were used to meet the objective of this research. The analysis was conducted on data from 2012 to 2022 in 14 regions of the Czech Republic. The results show that public support for R&D has a positive effect on development of the innovation environment in structurally affected regions in the Czech Republic and that there is a difference in the effect of this support regarding structurally affected regions versus developed regions. These affected regions on average respond better to public financial support for R&D than mature regions. In contrast, the efficiency of public financial support is lower in regions with a strongly developed innovation system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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17 pages, 14934 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Relationship between the Dynamics of the Urban–Rural Interface and Regional Development in a Post-Socialist Transition
by Ioan Ianoș, Radu-Matei Cocheci and Alexandru-Ionuț Petrișor
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8020047 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1940
Abstract
This study offers, by an empirical analysis, another perspective on post-socialist development, highlighting the role of the urban–rural interface in regional dynamics. The current literature on the relationships between both issues is not too rich and our paper analyzes the relationships between core [...] Read more.
This study offers, by an empirical analysis, another perspective on post-socialist development, highlighting the role of the urban–rural interface in regional dynamics. The current literature on the relationships between both issues is not too rich and our paper analyzes the relationships between core cities, their peri-urban areas, and their regions, through a comparative overview of their growth over the last three decades. Romania, as a special case study for a contradictory transition, due to the great step from a drastic dictatorial regime to a democracy and a market economy, is a good example to test these complex relationships. Considering the new development trend at the urban–rural interfaces, our key idea was to depict their contribution to regional development (NUTS 3) compared to city cores. The second question was how this differentiated contribution can be measured, using the simplest tool. The starting point was the fact that population dynamics reflect all changes in the city core and at the urban–rural interface, and less so at a regional level. Consequently, we selected the dynamics of the number of inhabitants for the first two, as well as the dynamics of GDP per capita at the regional level. We found higher and significant correlations between GDP per capita and urban–rural interfaces, but no significant correlations in the case of city cores. Our conclusion is that, in the transition period, the dynamics of urban–rural interfaces influenced more regional development dynamics, than those of city cores. This means that urban–rural interfaces amplify the development coming from cities, adding their own contribution and then dissipating it regionally. Future research should identify what the urban–rural interface offers to regions, in addition to the city core. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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22 pages, 1041 KiB  
Article
Contribution of the Cultural and Creative Industries to Regional Development and Revitalization: A European Perspective
by Dimitrios Kalfas, Stavros Kalogiannidis, Vasilios Ambas and Fotios Chatzitheodoridis
Urban Sci. 2024, 8(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8020039 - 22 Apr 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6206
Abstract
Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) have emerged as powerful drivers of regional development and revitalization in Europe in recent years. This study explores the impact of CCIs on European regions, focusing on their economic, social, and cultural contributions. Drawing on extensive literature review [...] Read more.
Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) have emerged as powerful drivers of regional development and revitalization in Europe in recent years. This study explores the impact of CCIs on European regions, focusing on their economic, social, and cultural contributions. Drawing on extensive literature review and empirical research, this study examines the role of CCIs in job creation, GDP growth, innovation, social cohesion, cultural identity, urban regeneration, and the revitalization of declining areas. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to 345 key players in the Cultural and Creative Industry of Greece. The findings reveal that CCIs significantly enhance job opportunities in European regions, with 74.4% of participants acknowledging their role in reducing unemployment and underemployment. Moreover, 71.4% recognized the substantial contribution of CCIs to regional GDP, highlighting that their economic importance is comparable to traditional industries. CCIs are seen as catalysts for social cohesion and cultural identity, as 75.6% of respondents attested to their role in uniting diverse communities. These results emphasize the sensitivity of CCIs to the existing cultural and historical context of these areas. Furthermore, this study identifies outcomes of regional development and revitalization, including improved education facilities (21.7%), preservation of regional cultural heritage (14.6%), and enhanced business relations (26.7%). Regression analysis demonstrated a strong association between CCIs and regional development and revitalization. This study provides comprehensive insights into the contributions of CCIs to regional development and revitalization in Europe. Policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders can use these findings to harness the full potential of CCIs for sustainable and inclusive regional development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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19 pages, 2114 KiB  
Article
The Practice of Peri-Urban Land Acquisition by Expropriation for Housing Purposes and the Implications: The Case of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
by Dereje Tessema Adigeh and Birhanu Girma Abebe
Urban Sci. 2023, 7(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7020041 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4318
Abstract
Urban land acquisition is a fundamental precondition to sustaining the socio-economic livelihood of urban residents. In Ethiopia, with the high rate of peri-urbanization, the demand for urban land for various urban uses, such as housing development, is responded to by expropriating peri-urban landholdings [...] Read more.
Urban land acquisition is a fundamental precondition to sustaining the socio-economic livelihood of urban residents. In Ethiopia, with the high rate of peri-urbanization, the demand for urban land for various urban uses, such as housing development, is responded to by expropriating peri-urban landholdings from the farming community through paying compensation to the farmers. The paper highlights Ethiopia’s urbanization pace and the associated urban land acquisition scenarios, mainly for housing purposes. Thus, it aims to analyze the peri-urban land acquisition scenarios through the expropriation of peri-urban land holdings used for agricultural purposes in Bahir Dar and the associated adverse effect on the farming community. To address the intended aim, data were collected by interviewing senior officials, experts, and elder farm households of the study area who were more knowledgeable about the study issue. There were focus group discussions with selected farming communities, and an extended field observation was conducted intending to triangulate the data collected by other techniques. Moreover, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to analyze satellite images of Bahir Dar City to demonstrate the extent of peri-urban land conversion from 2011 to 2021. The result of this study revealed that there is a 7% urban population growth rate, which resulted in 8% of Bahir Dar being converted from peri-urban between the stated period, and hence a considerable size of land had been expropriated in the peri-urban areas of Bahir Dar with expropriation measures. This study exposed that the compensation for expropriated agricultural landholdings often fails to adequately account for the full range of livelihoods and economic activities that farmers engage in, leaving them struggling to adapt to urban life. The urban development in the study area of Bahir Dar is taking place by jeopardizing the livelihoods of the farming community, and the urban expansion is seen as a threat to them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development)
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