Urban Heat Exposure: Health Risks and Socioeconomic Impacts

A Special Issue of Urban Science (ISSN 2413-8851) belonging to the section "Urban Governance for Health and Well-Being".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 1308

Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
Interests: urban climate change (especially heatwaves); health and economics
School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
Interests: development economics; environmental economics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cities not only concentrate population and economic activity but also amplify thermal stress through dense built environments, limited ventilation, and heat-retaining surfaces and, consequently, urban heat exposure has emerged as a critical challenge at the intersection of climate change, public health, and urban development. Extreme heat in urban settings poses direct threats to human health (e.g., intensifying risks of heat-related illness, cardiovascular stress, and excess mortality), while simultaneously undermining labor productivity, straining healthcare systems, and widening socioeconomic inequalities. These impacts are particularly acute for vulnerable groups and in rapidly growing cities. Investigating urban heat exposure and its health and socioeconomic consequences has therefore become essential to the design of evidence-based mitigation and adaptation strategies that enhance resilience, protect public well-being, and sustain long-term urban prosperity.

This Special Issue aims to advance interdisciplinary research on the nexus of climate change, human health, and the socioeconomic impacts of heat exposure in urban contexts. This focus aligns perfectly with the scope of Urban Science, which centers around the structure, processes, and sustainability of urban systems and their implications for human well-being. The overarching goal of this Special Issue is to deepen understanding of how urban forms, infrastructure, and policy interventions jointly shape climate resilience, promote population health, and foster sustainable economic development. We welcome studies that offer empirical evidence, methodological innovation, or policy-relevant insights to support cities in addressing heat risks and promoting sustainable development.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome, and research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following topics:

  • Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of urban heat exposure;
  • Health impacts of heat and humid heat in urban populations;
  • Economic and social consequences of urban heat exposure;
  • Climate exposure, health inequities, and urban vulnerability;
  • Assessing the health benefits of urban climate mitigation policies;
  • Economic evaluations of climate adaptation measures for urban infrastructure;
  • Modeling the interconnections between climate events, health outcomes, and economic productivity in urban areas;
  • Governance and policy frameworks for the integrated climate–health–economy action plans of cities;
  • Research on linkages between urban heat exposure and urban climate resilience;
  • Research on urban heat exposure and heat-related vulnerability.

Submissions are not limited to the above research topics, but should remain relevant to urban heat exposure and the health risks and socioeconomic impacts thereof.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Qiuyun Zhao
Dr. Lei Jiang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Urban Science is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • climate change
  • urban heat exposure
  • health risks
  • health inequality
  • socioeconomic impacts
  • climate policy
  • urban infrastructure
  • sustainable urban development
  • interdisciplinary research

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 4661 KB  
Article
Estimating Future Urban Heat Island Effect Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Scenario: A Case Study of Busan City
by Ismail Robbani, Suwhan Yee, Quang Hoai Le and Yonghan Ahn
Urban Sci. 2026, 10(7), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10070390 - 8 Jul 2026
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Abstract
Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) intensify extreme heat, raise energy demand, and risk citizen thermal comfort in densely built cities. However, spatially detailed, scenario-differentiated estimates of future UHI intensity are still limited for complex coastal mountainous cities. This study set out to forecast UHI [...] Read more.
Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) intensify extreme heat, raise energy demand, and risk citizen thermal comfort in densely built cities. However, spatially detailed, scenario-differentiated estimates of future UHI intensity are still limited for complex coastal mountainous cities. This study set out to forecast UHI intensity variations in Busan, South Korea, under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Daily temperatures from 19 automatic weather stations (2010–2014) were spatially interpolated using Empirical Bayesian Kriging Regression (EBKR), which included elevation and coastline distance variables. Among the 16 CMIP6 Global Climate Models (GCMs) tested, CNRM-CM6-1 (r = 0.902, RMSE = 4.937 °C) was chosen and bias-corrected using Empirical Quantile Mapping (EQM). The results reveal that mean maximum UHI intensity rises gradually, with ΔUHI (compared with the 2010–2014 baseline of 0.90 °C) reaching +7.03 °C (SSP2-4.5) and +9.60 °C (SSP5-8.5) in the far future, roughly 1.43 times more under the high-emission scenario. Summer through autumn has a UHI intensity increase, whereas long-term warming concentrates in Busan’s urban core. These findings inform targeted urban heat adaptation strategies, prioritizing green infrastructure, cool urban surfaces, and energy-resilient city planning to protect human well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Heat Exposure: Health Risks and Socioeconomic Impacts)
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23 pages, 15529 KB  
Systematic Review
Systematic Review of Urban Heat Island Effects on Human Well-Being: Global Research Trends, Collaboration Networks, and Emerging Themes
by Balbine Alindekon, Bopaki Phogole and Kowiyou Yessoufou
Urban Sci. 2026, 10(8), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10080436 - 1 Aug 2026
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Abstract
Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects are increasingly acknowledged as a critical urban climate challenge with far-reaching consequences for human health and overall well-being. However, the conceptual structure, temporal evolution, and intellectual landscape of studies examining the relationships between UHI and human well-being remain [...] Read more.
Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects are increasingly acknowledged as a critical urban climate challenge with far-reaching consequences for human health and overall well-being. However, the conceptual structure, temporal evolution, and intellectual landscape of studies examining the relationships between UHI and human well-being remain fragmented, thereby constraining the development of integrated knowledge frameworks needed to guide future research, urban adaptation strategies, and evidence-based policy interventions. To this end, a total of 4857 studies were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and screened following the PRISMA guidelines. These studies were then analyzed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer. The results reveal a rapid and exponential growth in scientific output, particularly after 2010, with the output reaching its highest level in recent years. These outputs were shaped mostly in China and the United States with a well-established international collaboration network, while the Global South remain significantly underrepresented in scientific productions. We also found that studies are primarily structured around four dominant research clusters: urban heat island, thermal comfort, land surface temperature, and climate change. Furthermore, early studies predominantly focused on urban surface properties and built-environment characteristics, while recent research has increasingly shifted toward human health impacts, thermal stress, heat vulnerability, and well-being. Emerging research directions further highlight growing interest in nature-based solutions for mitigating UHI effects, alongside the application of advanced technologies such as machine learning and remote sensing for high-resolution urban climate assessment. Overall, our findings indicate a transition toward a more integrated urban climate–health–well-being research framework, while simultaneously revealing persistent geographical and conceptual gaps, particularly across the Global South. We therefore advocate for increased empirical research, stronger international collaboration, and context-specific urban adaptation strategies to better safeguard human well-being under intensifying urban heat conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Heat Exposure: Health Risks and Socioeconomic Impacts)
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