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Toxins
Special Issues
Advances in Toxins and Virulence Analysis of Bacteria
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Advances in Toxins and Virulence Analysis of Bacteria

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Toxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 4125

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Avi Peretz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 13100, Israel
2. The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya 15208, Israel
Interests: toxin neutralization; quorum-sensing; bacterial pathogen; toxin–antitoxin system; bacterial infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Toxins are determinants of virulence that play an important role in microbial pathogenicity and/or evasion of the host immune response. This makes them ideal targets for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies. This Special Issue will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the molecular interactions of toxins with the host, the mechanisms by which toxins promote virulence, and the consequences of these actions on the outcome of infection.

Dr. Avi Peretz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • toxin neutralization
  • quorum-sensing
  • bacterial pathogen
  • toxin–antitoxin system
  • bacterial infections

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1055 KiB  
Article
Targeted Proteomics Analysis of Staphylococcal Superantigenic Toxins in Menstrual Fluid from Women with Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome (mTSS)
by Marie Courçon, Cédric Badiou, Mathilde Louwagie, Sibyle Etievant, Michel Jaquinod, Gérard Lina and Virginie Brun
Toxins 2022, 14(12), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120886 - 19 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1987
Abstract
Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is a rare life-threatening febrile illness that occurs in women using intravaginal menstrual protection. It is caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) produced by Staphylococcus aureus, triggering a sudden onset of rash and hypotension, subsequently [...] Read more.
Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is a rare life-threatening febrile illness that occurs in women using intravaginal menstrual protection. It is caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) produced by Staphylococcus aureus, triggering a sudden onset of rash and hypotension, subsequently leading to multiple organ failure. Detecting TSST-1 and S. aureus virulence factors in menstrual fluid could accelerate the diagnosis and improve therapeutic management of mTSS. However, menstrual fluid is a highly complex matrix, making detection of bacterial toxins challenging. Here, we present a mass-spectrometry-based proteomics workflow for the targeted, quantitative analysis of four S. aureus superantigenic toxins in menstrual fluids (TSST-1, SEA, SEC, and SED). This method was applied to characterize toxin levels in menstrual fluids collected from patients with mTSS and healthy women. Toxins were detectable in samples from patients with mTSS and one healthy donor at concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.46 µg/mL for TSST-1, and 0 to 1.07 µg/mL for SEC. SEA and SED were never detected in clinical specimens, even though many S. aureus strains were positive for the corresponding genes. The method presented here could be used to explore toxin production in vivo in users of intravaginal devices to improve the diagnosis, understanding, and prevention of mTSS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Toxins and Virulence Analysis of Bacteria)
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15 pages, 1886 KiB  
Article
Functional and Immunological Studies Revealed a Second Superantigen Toxin in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Producing Staphylococcus aureus Strains
by Andreas Roetzer, Nina Model, Jakob Laube, Yvonne Unterhumer, Guenter Haller and Martha M. Eibl
Toxins 2022, 14(9), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090595 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1529
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a human and animal pathogen as well as a commensal bacterium. It can be a causative agent of severe, life-threatening infections with high mortality, e.g., toxic shock syndrome, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. S. aureus strains secrete a number of [...] Read more.
Staphylococcus aureus is a human and animal pathogen as well as a commensal bacterium. It can be a causative agent of severe, life-threatening infections with high mortality, e.g., toxic shock syndrome, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. S. aureus strains secrete a number of toxins. Exotoxins/enterotoxins are considered important in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned conditions. Exotoxins, e.g., superantigen toxins, cause uncontrolled and polyclonal T cell activation and unregulated activation of inflammatory cytokines. Here we show the importance of genomic analysis of infectious strains in order to identify disease-causing exotoxins. Further, we show through functional analysis of superantigenic properties of staphylococcal exotoxins that even very small amounts of a putative superantigenic contaminant can have a significant mitogenic effect. The results show expression and production of two distinct staphylococcal exotoxins, SEC and SEL, in several strains from clinical isolates. Antibodies against both toxins are required to neutralise the superantigenic activity of staphylococcal supernatants and purified staphylococcal toxins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Toxins and Virulence Analysis of Bacteria)
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