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Symmetry
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Symmetry Energy in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics
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Symmetry Energy in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 6147

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Aziz Rabhi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
2. Physics Department, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République BP 77 -1054 Amilcar, Tunisia
Interests: theoretical physics; nuclear physics; astrophysics; many-body problems
Prof. Dr. Sidney Avancini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Física, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
Interests: theoretical physics; astrophysics; dark matter; nuclear physics
Prof. Dr. Mª Ángeles Pérez García

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Fundamental Physics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: neutron stars; astrophysics; astroparticle physics; dark matter; nuclear physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In nuclear physics, symmetry energy is an important parameter in the equation of state describing the nuclear structure of heavy nuclei and neutron stars. Symmetry energy characterizes the variation of the binding energy when the neutron to proton ratio of a nuclear system is varied. Symmetry energy plays an important role in nuclear astrophysics, ranging from the structure of nuclei to gravitational collapse to neutron stars. This is one of the most important features of nuclear physics in general, since it is just related to the two-component nature of the nuclear systems. As such, it is one of the most relevant physical parameters that affect the physics of many phenomena and nuclear processes.

Recently, a great amount of interest has been devoted not only to the nuclear matter symmetry energy at saturation density but also to its whole density dependence, which is an essential ingredient for our understanding of many phenomena. To date, the parameters of nuclear symmetry energy are tightly constrained by a concordance achieved from nuclear experiments, astrophysical observations, and ab initio theoretical calculations of neutron matter.

This Special Issue presents a survey of the role and relevance of nuclear symmetry energy in different fields of research and of the accuracy of its determination from the phenomenology and from the microscopic many-body theory. In this Special Issue, analyses of nuclear symmetry energy in different realms of nuclear physics and astrophysics will be given.

In this issue, nuclear symmetry energy in relation to nuclear structure, astrophysics of Neutron Stars and supernovae, and heavy ion collision experiments will be considered, to identify connections between these different fields on the basis of symmetry energy peculiarities.

Prof. Dr. Aziz Rabhi
Prof. Dr. Sidney Avancini
Prof. Dr. Mª Ángeles Pérez García
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nuclear symmetry energy
  • Equation of state
  • Nuclear structure
  • Nuclear astrophysics
  • Heavy ion physics
  • Neutron-rich nuclei
  • Nuclear binding energy
  • Symmetric nuclear matter
  • Neutron stars

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1232 KiB  
Article
Nuclear Symmetry Energy Effects on Neutron Star Properties within Bogoliubov Quark–Meson Coupling Model
by Olfa Boukari and Aziz Rabhi
Symmetry 2023, 15(9), 1742; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15091742 - 11 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 804
Abstract
This paper was written in memory of Joao da Providência who passed away in November 2021. It is a pursuit of works developed recently by Joao, Steven and inspired by our many years of discussions. Neutron stars are described within the quark–meson coupling [...] Read more.
This paper was written in memory of Joao da Providência who passed away in November 2021. It is a pursuit of works developed recently by Joao, Steven and inspired by our many years of discussions. Neutron stars are described within the quark–meson coupling Bogoliubov (QMC Bogoliubov) nuclear model which includes u, d and s quarks. The model is improved by including the ω-b3 mixing term so that constraints imposed by ab-initio chiral effective field theory pure neutron matter calculations are satisfied. The effects of the symmetry energy slope on the structure and properties of neutron stars are investigated. In particular, the effect on the radius, on the particle fractions, and on the onset of the nuclear direct Urca processes is discussed. It is shown that the improved model is in accordance with GW170817 observations, and that the constrained symmetry energy does not allow for nucleonic direct Urca processes inside neutron stars. Within the present model, no hyperons nucleate inside neutron stars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Energy in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics)
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20 pages, 5761 KiB  
Article
Symmetry Energy and the Pauli Exclusion Principle
by Claudio O. Dorso, Guillermo Frank and Jorge A. López
Symmetry 2021, 13(11), 2116; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112116 - 8 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
In this article we present a classical potential that respects the Pauli exclusion principle and can be used to describe nucleon-nucleon interactions at intermediate energies. The potential depends on the relative momentum of the colliding nucleons and reduces interactions at low momentum transfer [...] Read more.
In this article we present a classical potential that respects the Pauli exclusion principle and can be used to describe nucleon-nucleon interactions at intermediate energies. The potential depends on the relative momentum of the colliding nucleons and reduces interactions at low momentum transfer mimicking the Pauli exclusion principle. We use the potential with Metropolis Monte Carlo methods and study the formation of finite nuclei and infinite systems. We find good agreement in terms of the binding energies, radii, and internal nucleon distribution of finite nuclei, and the binding energy in nuclear matter and neutron star matter, as well as the formation of nuclear pastas, and the symmetry energy of neutron star matter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Energy in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics)
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Review

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15 pages, 4523 KiB  
Review
Probing the Equation of State of Dense Nuclear Matter by Heavy Ion Collision Experiments
by Peter Senger
Symmetry 2024, 16(9), 1162; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091162 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 350
Abstract
The investigation of the nuclear matter equation of state (EOS) beyond saturation density has been a fundamental goal of heavy ion collision experiments for more than 40 years. First constraints on the EOS of symmetric nuclear matter at high densities were extracted from [...] Read more.
The investigation of the nuclear matter equation of state (EOS) beyond saturation density has been a fundamental goal of heavy ion collision experiments for more than 40 years. First constraints on the EOS of symmetric nuclear matter at high densities were extracted from heavy ion data measured at AGS and GSI. At GSI, symmetry energy has also been investigated in nuclear collisions. These results of laboratory measurements are complemented by the analysis of recent astrophysical observations regarding the mass and radius of neutron stars and gravitational waves from neutron star merger events. The research programs of upcoming laboratory experiments include the study of the EOS at neutron star core densities and will also shed light on the elementary degrees of freedom of dense QCD matter. The status of the CBM experiment at FAIR and the perspective regarding the studies of the EOS of symmetric and asymmetric dense nuclear matter will be presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Energy in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics)
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20 pages, 1095 KiB  
Review
The Symmetry Energy: Current Status of Ab Initio Predictions vs. Empirical Constraints
by Francesca Sammarruca
Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020450 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1383
Abstract
Infinite nuclear matter is a suitable laboratory to learn about nuclear forces in many-body systems. In particular, modern theoretical predictions of neutron-rich matter are timely because of recent and planned experiments aimed at constraining the equation of state of isospin-asymmetric matter. For these [...] Read more.
Infinite nuclear matter is a suitable laboratory to learn about nuclear forces in many-body systems. In particular, modern theoretical predictions of neutron-rich matter are timely because of recent and planned experiments aimed at constraining the equation of state of isospin-asymmetric matter. For these reasons, we have taken a broad look at the equation of state of neutron-rich matter and the closely related symmetry energy, which is the focal point of this article. Its density dependence is of paramount importance for a number of nuclear and astrophysical systems, ranging from neutron skins to the structure of neutron stars. We review and discuss ab initio predictions in relation to recent empirical constraints. We emphasize and demonstrate that free-space nucleon–nucleon data pose stringent constraints on the density dependence of the neutron matter equation of state, which essentially determines the slope of the symmetry energy at saturation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Energy in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics)
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