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Selected Papers from Shapes and Symmetries in Nuclei: From Experiment to Theory (SSNET’21 Conference)

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A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 9606

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Costel Petrache

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

IJCLab - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Interests: nuclear physics

Prof. Dr. Jerzy Dudek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 23 rue du Loess, BP 28, F-67037 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
Interests: nuclear physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 4th edition of the conference SSNET, SSNET-2021, will provide a forum for an exchange of the newest ideas related to nuclear symmetries and nuclear shapes, in particular from experimental and theoretical viewpoints and in the broadest sense. In parallel, we propose the publication of the contributions in the form of a Special Issue in the MDPI open access journal Symmetry. This publication is expected to be in electronic format and should not be confused with habitual conference proceedings—we wish to establish a lasting impact by inviting the publication of the original (unpublished) results only or mini reviews. To strengthen the importance of the scientific message, we will be inviting all interested researchers, those who wish to participate in the conference but were unable to attend, as well as those who will be present. We will, therefore, be inviting researchers who are inspired to participate in a Special Issue within the scientific scope of the meeting by publishing original results. By doing so we believe we will increase the scientific impact of the publication and contribute to an increase of the citations and downloading quotas.

The following list contains the main topics we would like to cover:

— Experimental studies of spherical and deformed ground-, and excited states in nuclei
— New facilities
— Experimental methods and instrumentation
— Theoretical methods for exotic collective excitations
— Theoretical methods for exotic symmetries.

We look forward to receiving your contributions,

Prof. Dr. Costel Petrache
Prof. Dr. Jerzy Dudek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Wobbling Motion in Nuclei

by Bingfeng Lv and Costel Marian Petrache

Symmetry 2023, 15(5), 1075; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15051075 - 12 May 2023

Viewed by 1340

Abstract

Wobbling motion as an exotic collective mode in nuclei without axial symmetry, was intensively discussed during the last few years. The observation of the newly proposed transverse wobbling, first reported in

^{135}

Pr and soon after in nuclei from other mass regions, was [...] Read more.

^{135}

Pr and soon after in nuclei from other mass regions, was considered as a significant discovery in low-spin nuclear structure. However, both the reported experimental results and the proposed theoretical models were actively questioned in work devoted to the study of the low-spin wobbling mode in the same nuclei. We recently re-measured the electromagnetic character of the

Δ I = 1

transitions connecting the one- to zero-phonon and the two- to one-phonon wobbling bands in

^{135}

Pr, showing their predominant

M 1

magnetic character, which is in contradiction with the wobbling interpretation. These new experimental results, which were reproduced by either the quasiparticle-plus-triaxial-rotor model and interacting boson-fermion model calculations, are against the previously proposed wobbling nature of the low-spin bands in

^{135}

Pr. On the other hand, we obtained conclusive experimental evidence for the theoretically proposed transverse wobbling bands at medium spin in

^{136}

Nd. The comparison of the experimental data with calculations using the triaxial projected shell model as well as a new particle-rotor model with frozen orthogonal geometry of the active nucleons, supports the description in terms of transverse wobbling of medium-spin bands in triaxial even-even nuclei. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Shapes and Symmetries in Nuclei: From Experiment to Theory (SSNET’21 Conference))

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22 pages, 843 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf Isotopes

by Polytimos Vasileiou, Theo J. Mertzimekis, Eirene Mavrommatis and Aikaterini Zyriliou

Symmetry 2023, 15(1), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010196 - 09 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1777

Abstract

The mass region of rare-earth nuclei in the nuclear chart is riddled with well-deformed nuclei, exhibiting rotational properties and many interesting nuclear structure-related phenomena. The scarcity of experimental data as the neutron number increases and the exotic phenomena such as shape coexistence, which are strongly connected with the underlying symmetries of the Hamiltonian and are predicted to take place in this region, make this mass region a fertile ground for experimental and theoretical studies of nuclear structure. In this work, we investigate the structure of the even–even ^162–184Hf (hafnium) isotopes through a calculation of various observables such as

B (E 2; 0_{1}^{+} \to 2_{1}^{+})

reduced transition matrix elements and quadrupole moments. Six different nuclear models are employed in the calculations of the observables for these nuclei, the shapes of which deviate from spherical symmetry, and as such, are characterized by Hamiltonians, which break the rotational invariance of the exact nuclear many-body Hamiltonian. The results of the present study are expected to establish some concrete guidelines for current and future experimental endeavors. Along these lines, the results for the ^162–180Hf isotopes are compared with existing experimental data where available, showing an overall good agreement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Shapes and Symmetries in Nuclei: From Experiment to Theory (SSNET’21 Conference))

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18 pages, 2415 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

A Symmetry In-between the Shapes, Shells, and Clusters of Nuclei

by József Cseh, Gábor Riczu and Judit Darai

Symmetry 2023, 15(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010115 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1418

Abstract

The multiconfigurational dynamical symmetry (MUSY) connects the shell, collective, and cluster models of atomic nuclei for the case of multi-shell excitations. Therefore, it can give a unified description of various phenomena. The shape isomers are obtained from the investigation of the stability and consistency of the symmetry, and selection rules connect them to the possible cluster configurations and the related reaction channels. A simple, dynamically symmetric Hamiltonian turns out to be able to provide a unified description of the gross features of spectra of different regions of excitation energy and deformation. Some predictions of MUSY have been justified by experimental observations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Shapes and Symmetries in Nuclei: From Experiment to Theory (SSNET’21 Conference))

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14 pages, 645 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Islands of Shape Coexistence: Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Evidence

by Andriana Martinou, Dennis Bonatsos, Spyridon Kosmas Peroulis, Konstantinos Eleftherios Karakatsanis, Theodoros John Mertzimekis and Nikolay Minkov

Symmetry 2023, 15(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010029 - 22 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1497

Abstract

Parameter-free theoretical predictions based on a dual shell mechanism within the proxy-SU(3) symmetry of atomic nuclei, as well as covariant density functional theory calculations using the DDME2 functional indicate that shape coexistence (SC) based on the particle-hole excitation mechanism cannot occur everywhere on the nuclear chart but is restricted on islands lying within regions of 7–8, 17–20, 34–40, 59–70, 96–112, 146–168 protons or neutrons. Systematics of data for even-even nuclei possessing

K = 0

(beta) and

K = 2

(gamma) bands support the existence of these islands, on which shape coexistence appears whenever the

K = 0

bandhead

0_{2}^{+}

and the first excited state of the ground state band

2_{1}^{+}

lie close in energy, with nuclei characterized by

0_{2}^{+}

lying below the

2_{1}^{+}

found in the center of these islands. In addition, a simple theoretical mechanism leading to multiple-shape coexistence is briefly discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Shapes and Symmetries in Nuclei: From Experiment to Theory (SSNET’21 Conference))

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Figure 1

30 pages, 1054 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Overview of Seniority Isomers

by Bhoomika Maheshwari and Kosuke Nomura

Symmetry 2022, 14(12), 2680; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14122680 - 18 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1548

Abstract

Nuclear isomers are the metastable excited states of nuclei. The isomers can be categorized into a few classes including spin, seniority, K, shape and fission isomers depending upon the hindrance mechanisms. In this paper, we aim to present an overview of seniority isomers, which is a category related to the seniority quantum number. The discussion is mainly based on the concepts of seniority and generalized seniority. Various aspects of seniority isomers and their whereabouts have been covered along with the situations where seniority mixing prevents the isomerism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Shapes and Symmetries in Nuclei: From Experiment to Theory (SSNET’21 Conference))

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7 pages, 238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

E0 Transition Strengths in ⁷⁰Se and ⁷⁰Kr Mirror Nuclei within a Beyond-Mean-Field Model

by Alexandrina Petrovici

Symmetry 2022, 14(12), 2594; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14122594 - 08 Dec 2022

Viewed by 723

Abstract

The shape coexistence and mixing and the strengths of the

E 0

transitions in the mirror nuclei

^{70}

Se and

^{70}

Kr are investigated in the frame of the beyond-mean-field

c o m p l e x

Excited Vampir model with variation after [...] Read more.

The shape coexistence and mixing and the strengths of the

E 0

transitions in the mirror nuclei

^{70}

Se and

^{70}

Kr are investigated in the frame of the beyond-mean-field

c o m p l e x

Excited Vampir model with variation after symmetry projection. The effective interaction is obtained renormalizing a nuclear matter G-matrix derived from the charge dependent Bonn CD potential in a rather large model space. The effects of shape mixing on the E0 transition strengths for the lowest few 0

^{+}

, 2

^{+}

, and 4

^{+}

states as well as the

M 1

and

E 2

strengths for the

2_{i}^{+} \to 2_{j}^{+}

and

4_{i}^{+} \to 4_{j}^{+}

transitions are presented and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Shapes and Symmetries in Nuclei: From Experiment to Theory (SSNET’21 Conference))

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