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Symmetry
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Advanced Technologies in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4th Edition
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Advanced Technologies in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4th Edition

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 2459

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kejun Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
Interests: renewable energy integration and utilization; flexible DC transmission system; DC grid; smart distribution network; integrated energy system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yongliang Liang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: fault analysis and identification of smart distribution networks; protection of active distribution networks; power transformer condition assessment; optimal dispatch of integrated energy system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhijie Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: modular multilevel converters; renewable energy integration; grid-forming converters; HVDC transmission systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to inform you that, after the successful launch of the third edition of the Special Issue on “Advanced Technologies in Electrical and Electronic Engineering”, the fourth edition is now open for submissions.

The electrical power system can be regarded as a comprehensive symmetrical system of power generation and consumption. However, it now faces numerous unprecedented threats and challenges, including the urgent demand for low-carbon energy, the uncertainty of renewable power integration, severe natural disasters, and rising energy costs. In particular, the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and power converters has intensified the issue of asymmetry in distribution networks.

To achieve an affordable, clean, safe, stable, and resilient power supply—and to address asymmetrical problems—several emerging technologies are being developed. These include, but are not limited to, the integrated energy system (IES), smart distribution network (SDN), multilevel high-power converter (MHPC), advanced power system protection technology (APSP), direct current transmission and distribution techonology (DCTD), panoramic situation awareness (PSA), and high-voltage insulation technology (HVI).

The planned Special Issue of Symmetry aims to highlight the importance of innovative ideas and cutting-edge research in these areas. We believe there are numerous opportunities for applying new techonologies to address the challenges faced by conventional electrical systems. We warmly invite scholars to submit their research articles contributing to this dynamic field.

Prof. Dr. Kejun Li
Dr. Yongliang Liang
Dr. Zhijie Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy integration
  • power system symmetric operation
  • three-phase asymmetry

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 13706 KB  
Article
A Multi-Port Wireless Energy Interaction System Based on LC Series Resonance with Seamless Mode Switching Capability
by Xun Chen, Yujie Wang, Song Xu, Pengqiang Nie, Wei Jiang and Seiji Hashimoto
Symmetry 2026, 18(3), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18030447 - 5 Mar 2026
Viewed by 270
Abstract
To address the challenges associated with inter-module energy interaction and mode adjustment at load ports in distributed energy systems in the context of the energy transition, this paper proposes and designs a multi-port wireless energy interaction system based on LC series resonance and [...] Read more.
To address the challenges associated with inter-module energy interaction and mode adjustment at load ports in distributed energy systems in the context of the energy transition, this paper proposes and designs a multi-port wireless energy interaction system based on LC series resonance and multi-coil magnetic coupling. The system aims to facilitate flexible energy interaction among power sources, energy storage units, and loads, as well as multi-modal port regulation. The system employs a multi-coil coupled full-bridge topology combined with a phase-shift control strategy to achieve energy exchange and power regulation among multiple ports. To meet the power demands of different ports, a port state control method incorporating a mode preset mechanism is proposed, enabling the intermediate port to switch seamlessly among input (source), output (load), and active relay modes. This paper analyzes the operating modes of a single port and establishes the dynamic mathematical model of the overall three-coil system as well as the small-signal model of the port output. Furthermore, it investigates the energy interaction mechanism to derive the operating characteristics and conditions under different modes, and elucidates the energy relay mechanism with zero active power consumption. A three-port hardware experimental platform was constructed based on a dsPIC33 controller. Experimental results indicate that: (1) the prototype achieved a maximum transmission power of 100 W; (2) the peak system efficiency reached 83.1% under different load conditions; and (3) during mode switching, the system response time was less than 200 ms with no significant overshoot. The study demonstrates that the proposed topology and control strategy effectively realized dynamic energy interaction and seamless mode switching among multiple ports, providing a theoretical basis and engineering reference for multi-port energy interaction and wireless power transfer networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4th Edition)
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20 pages, 4322 KB  
Article
Research on UDE Control Strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Symmetry Principle
by Hui Song, Shulong Liu, Haiyan Song and Ziqi Fan
Symmetry 2026, 18(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18010116 - 8 Jan 2026
Viewed by 336
Abstract
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are central to high-performance servo drives, yet their control accuracy is often compromised by parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. While the Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator (UDE) offers enhanced robustness by treating such uncertainties as lumped disturbances, it suffers [...] Read more.
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are central to high-performance servo drives, yet their control accuracy is often compromised by parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. While the Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator (UDE) offers enhanced robustness by treating such uncertainties as lumped disturbances, it suffers from significant integral windup under output saturation, degrading dynamic response. This paper proposes a symmetry-principle-based UDE control strategy for the PMSM speed loop, which simplifies parameter tuning through derived analytical expressions for PI gains. To address the windup issue, two anti-windup algorithms are introduced and critically compared: a piecewise tracking back-calculation method and an integral final value prediction algorithm. The key finding is that the integral final value prediction algorithm demonstrates a superior performance. Simulation results show that it reduces the convergence time by 6.3 ms and the overshoot by 1.8% compared to the piecewise method. Experimental validation on an STM32F446-based platform confirms these findings. Under a 600 r/min step with load, the UDE controller with the integral final value prediction algorithm reduces speed overshoot by 15% compared to the piecewise algorithm and by 47% compared to the standard UDE controller without anti-windup. These results conclusively show that the proposed integrated strategy—combining symmetry-based UDE control with the integral final value prediction anti-windup algorithm—significantly improves the dynamic response, accuracy, and robustness of PMSM servo systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4th Edition)
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27 pages, 3190 KB  
Article
A Dynamic Asymmetric Overcurrent-Limiting Strategy for Grid-Forming Modular Multilevel Converters Considering Multiple Physical Constraints
by Qian Chen, Yi Lu, Feng Xu, Fan Zhang, Mingyue Han and Guoteng Wang
Symmetry 2026, 18(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18010053 - 27 Dec 2025
Viewed by 557
Abstract
Grid-forming (GFM) converters are promising for renewable energy integration, but their overcurrent limitation during grid faults remains a critical challenge. Existing overcurrent-limiting strategies were primarily developed for two-level converters and are often inadequate for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs). By overlooking the MMC’s unique [...] Read more.
Grid-forming (GFM) converters are promising for renewable energy integration, but their overcurrent limitation during grid faults remains a critical challenge. Existing overcurrent-limiting strategies were primarily developed for two-level converters and are often inadequate for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs). By overlooking the MMC’s unique topology and internal physical constraints, these conventional methods compromise both operational safety and grid support capabilities. Thus, this paper proposes a dynamic asymmetric overcurrent-limiting strategy for grid-forming MMCs that considers multiple physical constraints. The proposed strategy establishes a dynamic asymmetric overcurrent boundary based on three core physical constraints: capacitor voltage ripple, capacitor voltage peak, and the modulation signal. This boundary accurately defines the converter’s true safe operating area under arbitrary operating conditions. To address the complexity of the boundary’s analytical form for real-time application, an offline-trained neural network is introduced as a high-precision function approximator to efficiently and accurately reproduce this dynamic asymmetric boundary. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by hardware-in-the-loop experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy reduces the capacitor voltage ripple by 30.7% and maintains the modulation signal safely within the linear range, significantly enhancing both system safety and fault ride-through performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4th Edition)
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19 pages, 2960 KB  
Article
An Optimal Capacity Configuration Method for a Renewable Energy Integration-Transmission System Considering Economics and Reliability
by Zhicheng Sha, Canyu Cui, Zhuodi Wang, Fei Yu, Shujian Yin, Zhishuo Yang, Chuanyu Cao, Xiaohan Huang and Zhijie Liu
Symmetry 2025, 17(11), 1880; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111880 - 5 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 851
Abstract
Integrated Energy Transmission Systems (IETSs) are essential to bridge the geographical gap between where energy is produced and where it is needed, transporting power from resource-rich regions to distant load centers. The fundamental challenge is to resolve the inherent asymmetry between an intermittent [...] Read more.
Integrated Energy Transmission Systems (IETSs) are essential to bridge the geographical gap between where energy is produced and where it is needed, transporting power from resource-rich regions to distant load centers. The fundamental challenge is to resolve the inherent asymmetry between an intermittent power supply and distant load demand. Conventional approaches, focusing only on capacity, fail to address this issue while achieving an effective economic and reliable balance. To address the concerns above, a bilevel optimization framework is proposed to optimize the capacity configuration of IETSs, including wind power, photovoltaic (PV), thermal power, and pumped storage. The optimal capacity of wind and PV is determined by the upper-level model to minimize electricity price, whereas the lower-level model optimizes the system’s operational dispatch for given configuration to minimize operational expenses. A detailed IETS model is also developed to accurately capture the operational characteristics of diverse power sources. Furthermore, the proposed model integrates carbon emission costs and High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) utilization constraints, thereby allowing for a comprehensive assessment of their economic efficiency and reliability for capacity configuration. Case studies are conducted to verify the proposed method. The results show that the capacities of wind and PV are optimized, and the electricity costs of IETSs are minimized while satisfying reliability constraints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4th Edition)
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