Advances in Nuclear Astrophysics and Symmetry

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 3836

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Interests: theoretical nuclear physics; nuclear structure; nuclear reactions; superscaling; scaling; nucleon momentum distributions in nuclei; lepton scattering from nuclei; superheavy nuclei
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Interests: nuclear structure; nuclear reactions; nucleon-nucleon correlations in nuclei; nucleon density and momentum distributions; symmetry energy of finite nuclei; superheavy nuclei
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nuclear astrophysics is a modern and rapidly evolving field which addresses fundamental science questions at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics. Nuclear astrophysics is the study of nuclear level processes that occur naturally in space. It is an interdisciplinary branch of physics involving close collaboration among researchers in various subfields of nuclear physics and astrophysics. For instance, in nuclear physics, symmetry energy is an important parameter in the equation of state describing the nuclear structure of heavy nuclei and neutron stars, and plays an important role in nuclear astrophysics. The aims of nuclear astrophysics can be grouped into three general topics, which are the basis of this Special Issue:

  • Concerning the build-up of light and heavy elements through a broad variety of nuclear processes in a multitude of stellar environments;
  • Understanding of the critical nuclear reaction sequences, dense matter properties, and neutrino processes that drive the different phases of quiescent and exploding stellar burning scenarios;
  • Investigating the matter at extreme density conditions and the underlying physics of nuclear matter. For example, the composition and state of matter in the crust and core of neutron stars.

Progress in the theory and experiments of nuclear structure, nuclear reactions, and weak interactions generates new opportunities for advances in nuclear astrophysics. The strong force, together with the weak and electromagnetic forces, generate highly complex nuclear structures that make up a challenging subject of study for clear understanding. During their lives, stars generate many exotic short-lived nuclei that do not exist on Earth, but are significant in understanding the structure of all nuclear species and the fundamental forces governing them. Understanding the nucleosynthesis of elements in the universe continues to remain one of the most compelling issues in science. The huge amount of astrophysical processes that are responsible for this production requires engagement in complementary approaches for measuring the nuclear data that are critical to understanding element synthesis.

This Special Issue on “Advances in Nuclear Astrophysics and Symmetry” summarizes current problems and questions in theoretical and experimental nuclear astrophysics.

Dr. Martin V. Ivanov
Prof. Dr. Mitko K. Gaidarov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • nucleosynthesis scenarios
  • nuclear symmetry energy
  • equation of state
  • nuclear structure
  • nuclear astrophysics
  • neutron stars
  • dense and/or asymmetric nuclear matter
  • reaction rates
  • neutron-rich nuclei
  • energy density functional theory

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1353 KiB  
Article
Density-Induced Hadron–Quark Crossover via the Formation of Cooper Triples
by Hiroyuki Tajima, Shoichiro Tsutsui, Takahiro M. Doi and Kei Iida
Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020333 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
We discuss the hadron–quark crossover accompanied by the formation of Cooper triples (three-body counterpart of Cooper pairs) by analogy with the Bose–Einstein condensate to Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer crossover in two-component fermionic systems. Such a crossover is different from a phase transition, which often involves symmetry [...] Read more.
We discuss the hadron–quark crossover accompanied by the formation of Cooper triples (three-body counterpart of Cooper pairs) by analogy with the Bose–Einstein condensate to Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer crossover in two-component fermionic systems. Such a crossover is different from a phase transition, which often involves symmetry breaking. We calculate the in-medium three-body energy from the three-body T-matrix with a phenomenological three-body force characterizing a bound hadronic state in vacuum. With increasing density, the hadronic bound-state pole smoothly undergoes a crossover toward the Cooper triple phase where the in-medium three-body clusters coexist with the quark Fermi sea. The relation to the quarkyonic matter model can also be found in a natural manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nuclear Astrophysics and Symmetry)
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Review

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11 pages, 392 KiB  
Review
The Neutron Skin of 48Ca and 208Pb: A Critical Analysis
by Francesca Sammarruca
Symmetry 2024, 16(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16010034 - 27 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 898
Abstract
We discuss the neutron skins of 48Ca and 208Pb. We review and critically examine modern predictions and empirical constraints, with special attention to the different interpretations of the findings from the PREX-II experiment and the recently reported value of the neutron [...] Read more.
We discuss the neutron skins of 48Ca and 208Pb. We review and critically examine modern predictions and empirical constraints, with special attention to the different interpretations of the findings from the PREX-II experiment and the recently reported value of the neutron skin in 48Ca extracted from the CREX experiment. We argue that, in the spirit of the ab initio philosophy, the path to understanding the behavior of dense neutron-rich matter must not circumvent fundamental nuclear forces. Based only on that argument, a thick neutron skin in 208Pb is highly unlikely. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nuclear Astrophysics and Symmetry)
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