Special Issue "Materials and Corrosion"

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2022.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. ‪Ime Bassey Obot
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Interests: materials and corrosion; corrosion and scale inhibition; sweet corrosion; sour corrosion; QSAR and machine learning; corrosion in Cooling Water Systems; high temperature acid corrosion; computational material science; advanced corrosion characterization
Prof. Dr. Ambrish Singh
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: corrosion inhibitors; corrosion prevention techniques and phenomenon; computational chemistry; green chemistry; polymers; nanomaterials; composites; materials science and engineering; alloys, petroleum engineering; advanced electrochemical corrosion measurements
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Akram Alfantazi
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Interests: corrosion; electrometallurgy; metallurgical engineering; electrochemical processes in materials
Prof. Dr. Ihsan ulhaq Toor
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Interests: materials and corrosion; steel metallurgy; development of CRAs (Casting/Powder Metallurgy); nanocomposites for Wear & Corrosion Resistance; solid particle erosion and erosion corrosion/Flow Accelerated Corrosion (CO2 corrosion); Tribo-Corrosion; electrodeposition; environmental induced cracking and mechanical behavior of materials; material characterization; corrosion control and management; failure analyses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Corrosion has a huge economic, environmental and sustainability impact on virtually all facets of constructional materials, from highways, bridges, and buildings to oil and gas, chemical processing, desalination, nuclear, power facilities, water, and wastewater systems. In addition to causing severe environmental damage and threats to public safety, corrosion disrupts operations and requires extensive repair and replacement of failed assets. The annual cost of corrosion worldwide was estimated to exceed $U.S.2.5 trillion in 2016, which translates to 3 to 4% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of industrialized countries according to NACE IMPACT study report. Thus, the economic and environmental impact of corrosion is significant.

To reduce the huge cost and the environmental impact of corrosion and enhance the sustainability of materials used for construction, available corrosion control practices such as proper material design and selection, the use of corrosion inhibitors, coatings, cathodic protection etc., are recommended and could lead to savings of between 15 and 35% of the cost of corrosion. This translates to between US$375 and $875 billion annually. Corrosion mitigation and control is still one of the burning issues for researchers in industries and academia.

This special issue aims at covering recent progress and advancements in the fight against corrosion, in terms of corrosion resistant material development, corrosion mitigation strategies and monitoring.  All aspects related to advances in materials for corrosion protection, cathodic protection, corrosion inhibitors, advanced coating, computational corrosion science, artificial intelligence and machine learning in corrosion research, advances in analytical methods in corrosion science, corrosion in oil and gas industry, corrosion in nuclear facilities etc., are covered.

We encourage academic and industry researchers to submit high quality original research articles, case studies, reviews, critical perspectives, and viewpoint articles on topics including, but not limited to the following:

  • Advances in Materials for Corrosion Protection
  • Advances in Cathodic Protection
  • Corrosion Inhibitors
  • Advanced Coating
  • Recent Experiences with Corrosion Resistance Alloys
  • Corrosion modeling and prediction tools
  • Advances in Corrosion Characterization
  • Corrosion in Oil and Gas Industry
  • Corrosion in Desalination Industry
  • Corrosion Evaluation and Mitigation in Reinforced Concrete Structures
  • Corrosion in Nuclear Facilities
  • Corrosion Issues in Military Equipment and Facilities
  • High Temperature Corrosion
  • Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Corrosion Research
  • Corrosion Failure Analysis
  • Localized Corrosion, Mechanisms and Mitigation
  • Advances in Electrochemical and analytical Methods of Corrosion Measurements
  • Corrosion in the Power Industry
  • Progress in Laboratory Testing of Corrosion
  • Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
  • Corrosion in cooling water and wastewater systems
  • Recent trends in corrosion management in terms of inspection and monitoring

Prof. Dr. ‪Ime Bassey Obot
Prof. Dr. Ambrish Singh
Prof. Dr. Akram Alfantazi
Prof. Dr. Ihsan ulhaq Toor
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • materials and corrosion
  • corrosion inhibition
  • advanced coatings
  • cathodic protection
  • corrosion mechanisms
  • corrosion in oil and gas Industry
  • corrosion failure analysis
  • corrosion modelling and prediction
  • high temperature corrosion
  • material characterization
  • advanced corrosion electrochemistry

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Article
Aluminum Protection by Using Green Zirconium Oxide Layer and Organic Coating: An Efficient and Adherent Dual System
Sustainability 2021, 13(17), 9688; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179688 (registering DOI) - 28 Aug 2021
Viewed by 324
Abstract
In this work, the use of ZrO2 nanocoating in aluminum substrates, generated by controlled electrochemical chronoamperometry in hexafluorozirconic acid solutions (H2ZrF6·5H2O), resulted in a lower porous films than that obtained by chemical conversion coating. After the [...] Read more.
In this work, the use of ZrO2 nanocoating in aluminum substrates, generated by controlled electrochemical chronoamperometry in hexafluorozirconic acid solutions (H2ZrF6·5H2O), resulted in a lower porous films than that obtained by chemical conversion coating. After the application of an epoxy coating, long-term cyclic immersion corrosion tests and scratch tests proved the superior protection of the dual system and the coating lifespan, thanks to the enhanced adhesion of ZrO2 intermediate layer and the organic coating. As zirconium-based electrolytes are considered more friendly bath if compared to that of other conversion coating processes, like chromating, phosphating or anodizing processes, the study opens new insights to the protection of structural metals in sectors such as automotive, naval and aerospace industries. The main advantages are the employment of lightweight intermediate pre-treatment (nanoscale), compared to conventional ones (microscale), and reduction of waste slurry (electrolyte bath free of additives). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Corrosion)
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Article
Earthquake Response Modeling of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Hollow-Section Piers via Simplified Fiber-Based FE Analysis
Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 9342; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169342 - 20 Aug 2021
Viewed by 259
Abstract
The effect of corrosion-induced damage on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) circular bridge piers has been extensively investigated in the last decade, both experimentally and numerically. Contrarily, only limited research is presently available on hollow-section members, largely employed worldwide and intrinsically [...] Read more.
The effect of corrosion-induced damage on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) circular bridge piers has been extensively investigated in the last decade, both experimentally and numerically. Contrarily, only limited research is presently available on hollow-section members, largely employed worldwide and intrinsically more vulnerable to corrosion attacks. In this paper, fiber-based finite element (FB-FEM) models, typically the preferred choice by practitioners given their reduced computational expense, are validated against previous shake-table and quasi-static cyclic tests on hollow-section RC columns, and then used to investigate the influence of corrosion-induced damage. To this end, modeling strategies of varying complexity are used, including artificial reduction of steel rebar diameter, yield strength and ductility, as well as that of concrete compressive strength to simulate cover loss, and ensuing dissimilarities quantified. Pushover and incremental dynamic analyses are conducted to explore impacts on collapse behavior, extending experimental results while accounting for multiple corrosion rates. Produced outcomes indicate a minimal influence of cover loss; substantial reductions of base shear (up to 37%) and ultimate displacement capacity (up to 50%) were observed, instead, when introducing relevant levels of deterioration due to corrosion (i.e., 30% rebar mass loss). Its predicted impact is generally lower when considering more simplified assumptions, which may thus yield non-conservative predictions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Corrosion)
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Article
Investigation of the Electrochemical Breakdown Response in Sensitised AA5083 Aluminium Alloy
Sustainability 2021, 13(13), 7342; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137342 - 30 Jun 2021
Viewed by 286
Abstract
The light-weight aluminium alloys play an important role in reducing emissions from the transport industry. However, to take full advantage of these, the corrosion mechanisms that govern their failure need to be properly understood. Hence, the electrochemical response, especially after passive film breakdown, [...] Read more.
The light-weight aluminium alloys play an important role in reducing emissions from the transport industry. However, to take full advantage of these, the corrosion mechanisms that govern their failure need to be properly understood. Hence, the electrochemical response, especially after passive film breakdown, of the aluminium alloy AA5083 was analysed via potentiodynamic polarisation. By starting the scans at the relatively negative potential of −1.4 V (vs. SCE), the reduction of water in the electrolyte causes a localised increase in pH, leading to a preferential attack on the susceptible regions in the (sensitised) microstructure; that is, the deleterious β-Al3Mg2 along the grain boundaries. Subsequently, in the later stages of the potentiodynamic scan, these regions that have been degraded by the dissolution of β-Al3Mg2 undergo imperfect repassivation, leading them to be vulnerable to localised breakdowns. These conditions allowed for the discovery of a discernible trend after breakdown, in which AA5083 microstructures with a more extensive β-Al3Mg2 region (both in size and in amount) recorded a more rapid increase in the measured current density. In particular, the potential at which the anodic current density reached 1 × 10−4 A cm−2 was correlated with the extent of β-Al3Mg2 formed during isothermal heat-treatments. This work provides a possible pathway towards the development of an electrochemical quantification technique for the extent of β-Al3Mg2 growth, degree of sensitisation, and, ultimately, the intergranular corrosion (IGC) susceptibility of the microstructure of AA5083 components used in industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Corrosion)
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Article
Effect of Intensifier Additives on the Performance of Butanolic Extract of Date Palm Leaves against the Corrosion of API 5L X60 Carbon Steel in 15 wt.% HCl Solution
Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 5569; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105569 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 353
Abstract
The quest to replace toxic chemicals in the nearest future is revolutionizing the corrosion inhibitor research world by turning its attention to plant biomaterials. Herein, we report the corrosion inhibiting potential of butanolic extract of date palm leaves (BUT) on the corrosion of [...] Read more.
The quest to replace toxic chemicals in the nearest future is revolutionizing the corrosion inhibitor research world by turning its attention to plant biomaterials. Herein, we report the corrosion inhibiting potential of butanolic extract of date palm leaves (BUT) on the corrosion of API 5L X60 carbon steel in 15 wt.% HCl solution. The mass loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), linear polarization (LPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were employed in the investigation. We also report the effect of intensifier additives, namely formic acid (FA), potassium iodide (KI), and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) as well as temperature on the corrosion inhibiting performance of BUT. BUT exhibits inhibiting ability but the extent of inhibition is dependent on concentration, temperature, and intensifiers’ concentration. At 25 °C, 200 mg/L BUT and 700 mg/L BUT protected the carbon steel surface by 50% and 88%, respectively. The addition of 3 mM FA and 5 mM KI to 200 mg/L upgraded the extract performance to 97% and 95%, respectively. Zn(NO3)2 performs poorly as an intensifier for BUT under acidizing conditions. The adsorption of BUT + FA and BUT + KI is synergistic in nature whereas that of BUT + Zn(NO3)2 drifts towards antagonistic behavior according to the calculated synergism parameter. Increase in the system temperature resulted in a slight decline in the inhibition efficiency of BUT + FA and BUT + KI but with efficiency of above 85% achieved at 60 °C. The SEM and AFM results corroborate results from the electrochemical techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Corrosion)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Planned Papers:

1. Title: Colloidal nanosilica application in cracked mortar repair treatments

Author: Mercedes Sánchez Moreno

Affiliation: Department Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C3), Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain

Abstract: Presence of microcracks in concrete can diminish the service life of a structure. Thus, the injection of materials for filling the crack is proposed for facing this problem. The traditional materials used for sealing cracks present some drawbacks, as the difficulties for flowing to all the depth of the crack of inorganic materials and the lack of compatibility with the cementitious matrix in the case of organic materials. In this work the injection of colloidal nanosilica dispersed in water is proposed for filling microcracks in mortars. The effect of the injection procedure on the sealing performance of the colloidal nanosilica has been assessed. The ability of colloidal nanosilice for penetrating through the crack and its posterior gelification-solidification inside the crack after a curing period have been confirmed. The microscopic analysis of a cross-section of the crack indicates that the sealing ability of the nanosilica seems to be not only due to the filling of the crack but also to chemical interactions with the cementitious phases of the surrounding crack sides.

2. Title: Aluminium protection by using green zirconium oxide layer and organic coating: an efficient and adherent dual system

Authors: Vitor B. Moreira,1,2 Alvaro Meneguzzi,2 Emilio Jiménez-Piqué,3,4 Carlos Alemán,1,4,5 Elaine Armelin 1,4,*

Affiliations:
1) Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Building I, 2nd floor, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.

2) Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 – 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

3) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Besòs - EEBE, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Building I, 1st floor, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.

4) Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Building I, basement floor, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.

5) Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.

Abstract: In this work, the chemical conversion coating (CCC) and the electro-assisted deposition (EAD) of zirconium oxide in aluminium substrates to improve its corrosion resistance and the paint adhesion to metal surface were explored. Two types of aluminium alloys were tested: AA1100, a commercially pure aluminium alloy, and AA2024, a Cu-rich structural alloy. The ZrO2 is considered a green alternative to other conversion coating processes, like chromating, phosphating or anodising. The protection of Zr-CCC against corrosion is poor due to factors such as the very low thickness and high porosity of films. For first time, the reduced porosity was obtained when negative cathodic discharge is applied to the hexafluorozirconic acid solution, using the method EAD. The porosity percentage of Zr-EAD coatings were approximately half of that observed on Zr-CCC layers. After the application of an anticorrosive epoxy coating, long-term cyclic immersion corrosion tests and scratch tests proved the superior protection of the dual system and the coating lifespan, thanks to the enhanced adhesion of ZrO2 intermediate layer and the organic coating. The study opens new insights to the use of more friendly baths, free of co-additives in sectors such as the automotive and the aerospace industry. The main advantages are the employment of lightweight intermediate pre-treatment (nanoscale), compared to conventional ones (microscale), and reduction of waste slurry.

Keywords: zirconium conversion coating, electrochemical deposition, polarization, organic coating, scratch test.

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