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Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions
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Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 8895

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Manuela Almeida

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
Interests: sustainable construction; building physics; environmental quality of buildings; low-carbon and energy-efficient buildings and neighbourhoods; buildings renovation; zero energy buildings; zero carbon buildings; zero emissions neighborhoods; building simulation; cost optimization; life cycle analysis; circular economy in the construction sector
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jon Terés-Zubiaga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
Interests: energy efficiency in buildings; energy systems; building energy renovations; districts energy performance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Building use is responsible for a significant share of global carbon emissions, energy consumption, and resource consumption. According to the World Economic Forum, buildings cause 39% of global carbon emissions, including 28% of the operational emissions and 11% of the total building materials and construction. Reducing carbon emissions from buildings is critical to achieving the Paris climate goals and net-zero emissions by 2050. Therefore, Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions are urgently needed as they can offer numerous benefits. This essential to address the urgent environmental challenges of our time, improve building occupants’ quality of life, create economic opportunities, and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient future for communities worldwide.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the latest research and development on Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions, covering topics such as:

  • Advanced Building Materials, Technologies, and Construction Solutions to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions in buildings using a life cycle approach;
  • Energy Poverty Mitigation exploring technical, social, and economic strategies at the building and district levels;
  • Resilience and Climate Adaptation investigating building designs and technologies to enhance their resilience to extreme weather events and mitigate climate change impacts;
  • Renewable Energy Integration to achieve net-zero energy goals;
  • Advancements in building energy simulation tools and modelling techniques to predict and optimise energy performance accurately;
  • Net-Zero Communities to achieve collective energy sustainability;
  • Circular Economy and Building Materials focusing on sustainable sourcing, recycling, and reusing building materials;
  • The assessment and valuation of co-benefits and trade-offs associated with net-zero buildings, such as social, economic, health, environmental, and climate benefits and costs, which can help to justify and incentivise the transition to net-zero buildings;
  • Data Analytics and Building Performance Monitoring to continuously monitor building performance and identify areas for improvement;
  • Regulatory Changes to government policies, incentives, and regulations in promoting net-zero energy building solutions.

By investigating Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions, we can learn from the best practices and experiences of different countries and regions and develop new technologies and policies to support the transition to a low-carbon and sustainably built environment.

We invite researchers from various disciplines to submit original research articles or review articles to this Special Issue. We welcome both theoretical and empirical studies that address the challenges and opportunities of achieving net-zero emissions from buildings. We also encourage interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approaches that can provide holistic and comprehensive insights into this important topic.

Dr. Manuela Almeida
Dr. Jon Terés-Zubiaga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • net zero energy building
  • building energy performance
  • carbon emissions
  • carbon neutrality
  • sustainable solutions
  • resource use
  • circularity in construction
  • renewable energy
  • climate change
  • energy poverty
  • co-benefits and trade-offs
  • policy and regulatory frameworks

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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19 pages, 3525 KiB  
Article
Data Process of Net-Zero Revolution for Transforming Earth and Beyond Sustainably
by Samuel O. Afolabi, Idowu O. Malachi, Adebukola O. Olawumi and B. I. Oladapo
Sustainability 2025, 17(12), 5367; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125367 - 11 Jun 2025
Viewed by 393
Abstract
This research examines the strategic integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into global net-zero emissions strategies, with a focus on both terrestrial and extraterrestrial sustainability. The objectives include quantifying AI’s impact on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, improving energy efficiency, and optimizing resource utilization, [...] Read more.
This research examines the strategic integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into global net-zero emissions strategies, with a focus on both terrestrial and extraterrestrial sustainability. The objectives include quantifying AI’s impact on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, improving energy efficiency, and optimizing resource utilization, a particularly critical but underexplored domain. A mixed-methods approach was employed, comprising a systematic literature review, a meta-analysis of quantitative data, and case study evaluations. Advanced mathematical models, including logistic growth and optimization equations, were applied to predict trends and assess the effectiveness of AI. The results reveal that AI-driven innovations achieve emissions reductions of 15–30% across energy, transportation, and manufacturing sectors, with predictive maintenance optimizing energy utilization by 20% and extending equipment lifespans. AI-enabled smart grids improved energy efficiency by 26.7%, surpassing the 20% benchmark in prior studies. Specific applications include optimized fuel usage and predictive modeling, which can cut emissions by up to 20%. Quantitative data demonstrated significant cost savings of 20% across sectors. Statistical tests confirmed results with p-values < 0.05, indicating strong significance. This study underscores AI’s transformative potential in achieving net-zero goals by extending sustainability frameworks. It provides actionable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers, advocating for the broader adoption of AI to address global environmental challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions)
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26 pages, 2266 KiB  
Article
An Analysis of Energy Efficiency Actions and Photovoltaic Energy in Public Buildings in a Semi-Arid Region: The Requirements for Positive Energy and Net-Zero Energy Buildings in Brazil
by Elder Ramon Chaves da Costa, Rogério Diogne de Souza e Silva and Victor de Paula Brandão Aguiar
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5157; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115157 - 4 Jun 2025
Viewed by 367
Abstract
The search for sustainable energy alternatives is urgent in the face of climate change and resource scarcity. In this context, increasing energy efficiency in buildings through distributed energy resources (DERs) is crucial for sustainability and self-sufficiency. This article aims to analyze the impact [...] Read more.
The search for sustainable energy alternatives is urgent in the face of climate change and resource scarcity. In this context, increasing energy efficiency in buildings through distributed energy resources (DERs) is crucial for sustainability and self-sufficiency. This article aims to analyze the impact of several energy efficiency actions, in addition to the installation of a photovoltaic solar energy system in a public building in a semi-arid region, determining the necessary aspects for such buildings to become positive energy buildings (PEBs) and/or net zero energy buildings (NZEBs). As a basis for the methodology, a case study was carried out in a university restaurant in a semi-arid region in Brazil. Several pieces of data were collected, such as the air temperature, solar radiation, active energy and the number of users in the building. The relevance of each variable in relation to electricity consumption was identified through statistical correlation analysis, resulting in an energy consumption per square meter per year of 80.78 kWh/m2/year and an active energy consumption per user per year of 0.88 kWh/m2/year. Three energy efficiency actions were evaluated and compared technically and economically against the investment in a grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS) for the same building, simulating before and after the entry into force of Law 14.300/2022, which regulates distributed generation in Brazil. The installation of thermal insulation on the building’s roof showed good technical, economic and environmental performance, compared to GCPVS, and proved to be attractive and competitive among the other scenarios. All simulated actions resulted in an annual emission reduction of 14.8 tCO2e. When calculating the building’s generation potential, it was found that it could be considered an NZEB and PEB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions)
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18 pages, 5848 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Urban Sustainability with Novel Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines: A Study on Residential Buildings in Çeşme
by Yousif Abed Saleh Saleh, Murat Durak and Cihan Turhan
Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3859; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093859 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 938
Abstract
This study investigates the integration of three types of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs)—helical, IceWind, and a combined design—on residential buildings in Çeşme, Türkiye, a region with an average wind speed of 7 m/s. The research explores the potential of small-scale wind turbines in [...] Read more.
This study investigates the integration of three types of vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs)—helical, IceWind, and a combined design—on residential buildings in Çeşme, Türkiye, a region with an average wind speed of 7 m/s. The research explores the potential of small-scale wind turbines in urban areas, providing sustainable solutions for renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. The turbines were designed and analyzed using SolidWorks and ANSYS Fluent, achieving power outputs of 350 W for the helical turbine, 430 W for the IceWind turbine, and 590 W for the combined turbine. A total of 42 turbines were mounted on a five-storey residential building model, and DesignBuilder software was utilized to simulate and evaluate the energy consumption. The baseline energy consumption of 172 kWh/m2 annually was reduced by 18.45%, 22.93%, and 30.88% for the helical, IceWind, and combined turbines, respectively. Furthermore, the economic analysis showed payback periods of 12.89 years for the helical turbine, 10.60 years for the IceWind turbine, and 10.49 years for the combined turbine. These findings emphasize the viability of integrating VAWTs into urban buildings as an effective strategy for reducing energy consumption, lowering costs, and enhancing energy efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions)
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29 pages, 8460 KiB  
Article
The Role of Solar Gains in Net-Zero Energy Buildings: Evaluating and Optimising the Design of Shading Elements as Passive Cooling Strategies in Single-Family Buildings in Colombia
by Javier Ascanio, Milagros Álvarez-Sanz, Zaloa Azkorra-Larrinaga and Jon Terés-Zubiaga
Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031145 - 30 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 978
Abstract
Net zero-energy buildings have become one of the flagships in the path towards the decarbonisation of cities. Even though heating systems, especially in existing buildings, are currently the main consumer in many areas of the world, cooling needs are gaining relevance in several [...] Read more.
Net zero-energy buildings have become one of the flagships in the path towards the decarbonisation of cities. Even though heating systems, especially in existing buildings, are currently the main consumer in many areas of the world, cooling needs are gaining relevance in several countries, and this is expected to be kept in the focus in the context of increasing temperatures, according to the climate projections identified by the IPCC. This has also additional implications on thermal comfort conditions (and, indirectly, on the derived health issues) in areas where no cooling systems are installed in residential buildings. This research work aims to evaluate the design of shading elements as a design strategy in the path towards net-zero residential buildings in diverse Colombian climates. A parametric analysis is developed, considering a combination of different shading solutions applied in residential buildings. Their effectiveness is evaluated in different climate zones in Colombia considering both the current climate data and future climate data expected according to the projections proposed by the IPCC. A reference building in Bucaramanga (Colombia) was selected for detailed monitoring, and the collected data were used to validate a simulation model developed in DesignBuilder. Almost 1000 alternative scenarios were established and parametrically evaluated, resulting from the combination of different shadings solutions, orientations and climate conditions. The results are evaluated considering two different approaches: cooling demand assuming a standard indoor temperature profile and indoor comfort when no cooling devices are used in the building, showing that some strategies, such as overhangs, involve significant improvements in terms of indoor thermal comfort and a reduction in cooling demand (reaching in some cases savings up to 30%) in the different climate conditions considered; as well, their effectiveness remains similar when future climate projections are considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions)
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19 pages, 3025 KiB  
Systematic Review
Nexus between Urban Circular Economies and Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review
by Genesis Camila Cervantes Puma, Adriana Salles and Luís Bragança
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2500; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062500 - 18 Mar 2024
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4955
Abstract
Since the definition and publication of the 2030 Agenda in 2015, addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been pivotal in guiding carbon neutrality and sustainable solutions in urban development. Despite the passage of nine years, tangible successes in achieving the SDGs have been [...] Read more.
Since the definition and publication of the 2030 Agenda in 2015, addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been pivotal in guiding carbon neutrality and sustainable solutions in urban development. Despite the passage of nine years, tangible successes in achieving the SDGs have been limited, underscoring the critical need for innovative approaches to fostering energy performance and reducing carbon emissions. This study advocates for adopting circular economy principles as a strategic pathway to mitigate environmental, social, and economic challenges and promote sustainable, net-zero-energy solutions. Through a systematic literature review spanning multiple databases, this research underscores the synergy between urban circular economies (UCEs) and the SDGs, with a particular focus on sustainable solutions, resource use circularity in construction, and renewable energy integration. By setting stringent eligibility criteria, this review captures a wide array of perspectives, providing a comprehensive analysis that bridges the gap between urban sustainability, renewable energy adoption, and climate change mitigation efforts. The analysis of 23 selected papers reveals a substantial linkage between UCE practices and the advancement of SDGs, highlighting the pivotal roles of responsible consumption, resource efficiency, and regenerative practices in achieving co-benefits through policy and regulatory frameworks towards carbon neutrality. The findings recommend implementing a holistic approach that integrates urban sustainability with circular economy principles, offering a structured insight into the potential of UCEs in fostering a sustainable transition in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Net-Zero-Energy Building Solutions)
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