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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 7593

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sara Ahmed

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
Interests: modeling, simulation, and analysis of power-electronics-based power systems with a focus on control, stability, fault analysis; integration of renewables, and hardware-in-the-loop modeling and testing

Dr. Ning Kang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Power and Energy Systems Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Interests: power system protection, control, and optimization; modeling of distributed energy resources (DER); transmission and distribution (T&D) co-simulation; reliability impact of DER on the bulk electric system (BES); transmission and distribution planning and operations coordination; advanced distribution management system (ADMS); microgrid integration and impact analysis; power and controller hardware-in-the-loop testing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sustainable and renewable energy sources in power systems are growing rapidly to address the increasing concerns of emissions reduction and improved energy efficiency. However, as more renewables are integrated into the grid, their intermittent nature can result in changing the dynamics of large-scale power systems and increasing the complexity of effectively operating the grid. Many of these renewable energy sources are connected to the power system through power electronics inverters rather than spinning generators, and this poses major challenges for system control, stability, and protection but also brings unprecedented opportunities for more active and flexible distribution systems in the future with both AC and DC networks.

In this context, we encourage all researchers from relevant domains to submit papers to this Special Issue on “Electric Power Systems toward Sustainability”. Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

Integrating renewable energy sources into power systems for sustainable environment;
Implementation of efficient and smart energy management strategies;
Real-time monitoring and control;
Real-time communication in sustainable electric power systems;
Development of new voltage/current control strategies;
Power quality control/unbalanced;
Hybrid energy power systems;
Transient stability;
AC/DC microgrid operation in grid-tied and islanded modes;
Energy storage systems;
Grid-forming/following inverters.

Prof. Dr. Sara Ahmed
Dr. Ning Kang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Renewable energy
Inverter-based power systems
Voltage and frequency control in power systems
Stability
Protection
Dynamic modeling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3896 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel PV Maximum Power Point Tracking Based on Solar Irradiance and Circuit Parameters Estimation

by Ahmad M. A. Malkawi, Abdallah Odat and Ahmad Bashaireh

Sustainability 2022, 14(13), 7699; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137699 - 24 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1396

Abstract

This research paper presents a novel maximum power point taking (MPPT) algorithm. The algorithm uses an adaptive calculation block to estimate the solar irradiance and the PV I–V curve circuit parameters based on the PV panel’s measured output current and voltage. In the proposed algorithm, the output power does not oscillate around the maximum power point (MPP) compared to conventional MPPT methods. Moreover, the proposed algorithm does not require expensive solar irradiance sensors compared with trackers that depend on measured solar irradiance. In addition, the proposed MPPT can handle the fast variation in solar irradiance. The PV panel nonlinear I–V curve was modeled using a single-diode PV. The algorithm with the adaptive block was tested separately to verify the ability of the system to estimate the solar irradiance and the circuit parameters. The solar system was then simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate the robustness of the proposed method under steady-state and during sudden changes in solar irradiance and load. The proposed solar system reaches the steady-state in 8 ms after a step-change in the solar irradiance. In the worst-case scenario, the proposed system achieves a relative error of around 2.64% in estimating the solar irradiance at 600 W/m² with an efficiency of 99.3%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Power Systems towards Sustainability)

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27 pages, 3051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Robust Dynamic Control Strategy for Standalone PV System under Variable Load and Environmental Conditions

by Waqas Anjum, Abdul Rashid Husain, Junaidi Abdul Aziz, Syed Muhammad Fasih ur Rehman, Muhammad Paend Bakht and Hasan Alqaraghuli

Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4601; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084601 - 12 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1437

Abstract

Dual-stage standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems suffer from stability, reliability issues, and their efficiency to deliver maximum power is greatly affected by changing environmental conditions. A hybrid back-stepping control (BSC) is a good candidate for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) however, there are eminent steady-state oscillations in the PV output due to BSC’s recursive nature. The issue can be addressed by proposing a hybrid integral back-stepping control (IBSC) algorithm where the proposed integral action significantly reduces the steady-state oscillations in the PV array output under varying temperature and solar irradiance level. Simultaneously, at the AC stage, the primary challenge is to reduce both the steady-state tracking error and total harmonic distortion (THD) at the output of VSI, resulting from the load parameter variations. Although the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) is robust to parameter variations, however, it is discontinuous in nature and inherit over-conservative gain design. In order to address this issue, a dynamic disturbance rejection strategy based on super twisting control (STC) has been proposed where a higher order sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the effect of load disturbances as a lumped parameter which is then rejected by the newly designed control law to achieve the desired VSI tracking performance. The proposed control strategy has been validated via MATLAB Simulink where the system reaches the steady-state in

0.005

s and gives a DC–DC conversion efficiency of

99.85 %

at the peak solar irradiation level. The AC stage steady-state error is minimized to 0 V whereas, THD is limited to

0.07 %

and

0.11 %

for linear and non-linear loads, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Power Systems towards Sustainability)

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35 pages, 12980 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Demand Response on Reliability Enhancement in Distribution Networks

by Mohammad Reza Mansouri, Mohsen Simab and Bahman Bahmani Firouzi

Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13201; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313201 - 29 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1632

Abstract

This paper presents an innovative instantaneous pricing scheme for optimal operation and improved reliability for distribution systems (DS). The purpose of the proposed program is to maximize the operator’s expected profit under various risk-taking conditions, such that the customers pay the minimum cost to supply energy. Using the previous information of the energy consumption for each customer, a customer baseline load (CBL) is defined; the energy price for consumption costs higher and lower than this level would be different. The proposed scheme calculates the difference between the baseline load and the consumption curve with the electricity market price instead of calculating the total consumption of the customers with the unstable price of the electricity market, which is uncertain. In the proposed tariff, the developed cost and load models are included in the distribution system operation problem, and the objective function is modeled as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Also, the effect of demand response (DR) and elasticity on the load curve, the final profit of the distribution system operator, and payment risk and operation costs are examined. Since there are various uncertainties in the smart distribution grid, the calculations being time-consuming and volumetric is important in the evaluation of reliability indices. Thus, when computation volume can be decreased and computation speed can be increased, analytical reliability analysis methods can be used, as they were in the present work. Finally, the changes in the reliability indices were calculated for the ratio of the customers’ sensitivity to the price and the customers’ participation in the proposed tariff using an analytical method based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The results showed the efficiency of the proposed method in increasing the operator profit, reducing the operation costs, and enhancing the reliability indices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Power Systems towards Sustainability)

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21 pages, 2163 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Passive Reactive Power Compensators for Improving the Sustainability of Three-Phase, Four-Wire Sinusoidal Systems Supplied by Unbalanced Voltages

by Elisa Peñalvo-López, Vicente León-Martínez, Joaquín Montañana-Romeu and Javier Cárcel-Carrasco

Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11134; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011134 - 09 Oct 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2241

Abstract

Compensation of reactive power is necessary in power systems due to economical, energetic, and environmental reasons. Reactive power increases energy power losses and carbon dioxide emissions in distribution lines and power transformers. However, capacitor banks used in most industrial applications do not significantly reduce energy losses in lines and transformers when supply voltages and loads are unbalanced and therefore do not fully improve the sustainability of distribution networks. This fact is explained in this paper using positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence reactive power components in three-phase, four-wire sinusoidal power systems supplied with unbalanced voltages. Likewise, several devices have also been developed for the compensation of the total reactive power and, specifically, for each of its components in these power systems. Comparing the effectiveness of these reactive compensators and other well-known passive compensators as capacitor banks on the sustainability improvement of the electrical installation of an actual industry, reductions between 20% and 100% in energy losses and carbon dioxide emissions, caused by circulation of reactive currents in transformer and lines, can be expected depending on the type of compensator used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Power Systems towards Sustainability)

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