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Human-Centric Buildings and Communities: Prioritising Comfort, Health, Well-being and Energy Efficiency

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Building".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2027 | Viewed by 2314

Special Issue Editors

School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, 3.09 Cherie Booth Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
Interests: low-carbon buildings; performance monitoring and modelling; retrofit; climate change; renewable energy integration in buildings; indoor air quality and health impact of mould
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Constructions Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
Interests: thermal comfort and perception; personalised environmental control systems (PECS); building energy performance; and sustainable and green buildings

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Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Computing, University of Lancashire, Preston, UK
Interests: low-carbon buildings; thermal comfort and perception; personalised environmental control systems (PECS); and building energy performance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The built environment profoundly influences the comfort, health, and overall well-being of occupants. While energy efficiency and carbon reduction remain critical, there is a growing need to shift from purely performance-driven design towards human-centric building and community design and operation.

We invite original research, reviews, case studies and methodological papers that advance a human‑centric paradigm where comfort, health, productivity and overall well‑being are primary performance metrics throughout the design, construction and operation of buildings and communities. Contributions may address experimental studies, numerical simulations, monitoring approaches, design or operational strategies, and policy and standards that integrate the needs of occupants.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Human-centric design strategies for buildings and communities;
  • Human-centric building and community-scale operation;
  • Multimodal thermal comfort;
  • Building performance and occupant health outcomes;
  • Real-time monitoring of comfort and health metrics;
  • Adaptive control systems that respond to real-time occupant feedback;
  • Policy, standards and certification schemes that embed human-centric criteria;
  • Design of flexible, inclusive spaces that accommodate diverse user needs;
  • Quantification of productivity;
  • Indoor conditions and well-being gains in workplaces, schools, healthcare settings, housing, and community facilities;
  • Personal environmental control systems (PECS).

This Special Issue was also developed in the context of the Human-Centric-Buildings (HCB) Network/IEA EBC Annex 95/Users TCP Task Human-Centric Buildings for a Changing Climate.

Dr. Hu Du
Dr. Roberto Rugani
Dr. Marco Picco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • human-centric buildings
  • thermal comfort
  • building energy efficiency
  • climate change adaptation
  • overheating
  • productivity and well-being in buildings
  • climate-resilient buildings

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 8716 KB  
Article
Effectiveness of Load Reset Control in Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Systems Under WELL Thermal Comfort Criteria
by Dae Uk Shin and Nam-Kyu Park
Sustainability 2026, 18(9), 4290; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18094290 - 26 Apr 2026
Viewed by 919
Abstract
The WELL Building Standard (WELL) is a certification system designed to enhance occupant health and well-being in indoor environments. Conventional building energy-saving strategies typically rely on fixed temperature setpoint adjustments, which may conflict with WELL thermal comfort requirements. However, achieving high energy efficiency [...] Read more.
The WELL Building Standard (WELL) is a certification system designed to enhance occupant health and well-being in indoor environments. Conventional building energy-saving strategies typically rely on fixed temperature setpoint adjustments, which may conflict with WELL thermal comfort requirements. However, achieving high energy efficiency remains essential. This study uses a quantitative evaluation framework with TRNSYSs to examine the effectiveness of integrating load reset control (LRC) into simultaneous heating and cooling (SHC) systems. It compares LRC with conventional fixed setpoint (SP) and predicted mean vote (PMV) control strategies, based on WELL’s thermal comfort criteria (maintaining the PMV between −0.5 and +0.5). Six simulation cases were analyzed, considering radiant (RAD) and convection (CONV) terminals. The results indicate that radiant terminals provide more stable PMV performance while consuming less energy than convection terminals, demonstrating better compliance with WELL objectives. Although PMV control achieves the highest thermal comfort, it substantially increases energy consumption. In contrast, LRC emerges as an optimal strategy, effectively balancing the energy efficiency of SP control with the comfort of PMV control. The RAD-LRC configuration delivers the best overall performance. It achieves higher thermal comfort than SP, with comparable energy consumption, making it a highly practical approach for modern building energy management. Full article
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31 pages, 5745 KB  
Article
Restorative Effects of Screen-Based Interactive Digital Multimedia in Urban Interiors: The Role of Feedback Intensity and Color Hue
by Shimeng Hao, Huanying Sun, Yisong Zhang and Hua Zhong
Sustainability 2026, 18(9), 4174; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18094174 - 22 Apr 2026
Viewed by 360
Abstract
Urban residents require space-efficient interventions to mitigate chronic stress. While indoor digital nature shows promise, the precise impact of interactive design parameters remains unclear. This study investigated how interactive feedback intensity (none, slow, fast) and color hue (neutral, warm, cool) influence psychological and [...] Read more.
Urban residents require space-efficient interventions to mitigate chronic stress. While indoor digital nature shows promise, the precise impact of interactive design parameters remains unclear. This study investigated how interactive feedback intensity (none, slow, fast) and color hue (neutral, warm, cool) influence psychological and physiological restoration. Following negative emotion induction, healthy participants engaged in within-subject conditions evaluated via multimodal assessments, including EEG, HRV, and subjective scales (PANAS, PRS, SAM/PAD). Results identified interactive feedback intensity as the primary driver of restoration. Specifically, fast feedback improved positive affect by up to 20.4% and reduced negative affect by 20.8% compared to passive self-restoration. Neurologically, interactive engagement was associated with elevated EEG alpha-band activity by up to 97.8% relative to standing controls, a pattern consistent with cortical relaxation. Furthermore, while physical interaction was uniformly associated with physiological indices broadly consistent with recovery, color hue significantly moderated subjective outcomes. Neutral and warm hues generated significantly higher overall perceived restorativeness (M = 73.18 and M = 70.14, respectively) than the self-restoration control (M = 61.26). Notably, neutral tones were uniquely associated with modest changes in HRV time-domain indices suggestive of parasympathetic autonomic modulation. These findings provide actionable, empirically validated guidelines for deploying responsive digital interventions to support mental well-being in dense urban interiors. Full article
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Review

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36 pages, 1473 KB  
Review
Technical, Legal, and Health Aspects for Noise Disturbance Mitigation in Human-Centric Environments
by Pedro Pinto Ferreira Brasileiro, Maria Carolina Silva Leite Brasileiro, Rafaela Moura Eloy, Ketllyn Mayara Amorim dos Santos, Leonie Asfora Sarubbo and Leonardo Machado Cavalcanti
Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3726; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083726 - 9 Apr 2026
Viewed by 581
Abstract
Noise disturbances can cause conflicts in several areas, such as residences, civil constructions, highways, subways, and airports, measured by different scales of acoustic comfort for community well-being evaluation. These disturbances also have signatures such as frequency, amplitude, and temporal patterns to compare acoustic [...] Read more.
Noise disturbances can cause conflicts in several areas, such as residences, civil constructions, highways, subways, and airports, measured by different scales of acoustic comfort for community well-being evaluation. These disturbances also have signatures such as frequency, amplitude, and temporal patterns to compare acoustic comfort with real-time parameters. In addition, acoustic sensors should be chosen based on accuracy, price, and calibration method, and acoustic insulation should be applied with the aim of achieving reliable measurements in indoor and outdoor environments for sustainable urban living. In some situations, the lack of noise control can lead to several human disorders, from hearing loss to cardiovascular complications. Therefore, legislation and regulation should be carefully studied and applied to achieve an equilibrium between energy-efficient and healthy building designs in entertainment, work, and rest activities with measured parameters visualized through the design of interface tools that should enable the collection and organization of sound data, with proper presentation for the final user. Finally, intellectual property registrations bring recent industrial applications with aspects of noise mitigation. All these features constitute noise disturbance mitigation in a multi-dimensional integration framework of technology, health, and law to improve the quality of life in human-centric environments. Full article
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