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Advanced Laser Phototherapy: Sensing and Applications
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Advanced Laser Phototherapy: Sensing and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 23349

Special Issue Editors

Dr. João M. P. Coelho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: optical design; biomedical engineering; laser interaction with media; laser applications
Dr. Pedro Vieira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: medical physics; biomedical instrumentation; signal and medical Image aquisition and processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lasers have been used in different therapy fields like dermatology, ophthalmology, dentistry and cancer therapy. Different physical processes are involved, depending on the wavelength being used, laser operation mode (continuous or pulsed), intensity and dose (or fluence) being applied. Ablation, photochemical and thermal interactions are the main mechanism than can be involved. Besides, the recent advances in nanotechnology have opened new possibilities for laser phototherapy techniques, using the phenomena of surface plasmon resonance to mediate the interaction processes.

This Special Issue of Sensors will address the sensing techniques and methodologies used in the research and development of advanced laser phototherapy processes, including (but not limited to) guiding strategies, monitoring and evaluation sensing.  Submissions regarding the development of sensors with potential application for laser phototherapy are also welcome.

Dr. João M. P. Coelho
Dr. Pedro Vieira
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laser phototherapy
  • photothermal therapy
  • photodynamic therapy
  • sensing
  • sensors
  • imaging
  • process monitoring
  • instrumentation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 717 KiB  
Communication
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Treatment of Vascular Lesions within the Facial Skin with a Laser with a Wavelength of 532 nm Based on Photographic Diagnostics with the Use of Polarized Light
by Piotr Zawodny, Wiola Malec, Kamil Gill, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka and Jerzy Sieńko
Sensors 2023, 23(2), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23021010 - 16 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2035
Abstract
Aesthetic medicine is a dynamically developing field of medicine. It has an impact not only on the improvement of the external appearance, but also on health and quality of life. Currently, vascular changes affect many patients and significantly diminish the condition of the [...] Read more.
Aesthetic medicine is a dynamically developing field of medicine. It has an impact not only on the improvement of the external appearance, but also on health and quality of life. Currently, vascular changes affect many patients and significantly diminish the condition of the skin. The development of modern laser therapy has contributed to the successful management of multiple skin conditions, among them vascular lesions. The aim of our study was to show the efficacy of repetitive 532 nm laser therapy in reducing vascular skin lesions located on the facial area. Observations were possible due to the implementation of System of Skin Analysis. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 120 patients (100 women and 20 men) using “VISIA” Skin Analysis System after 532 nm laser therapy. Treatment with the use of the 532 nm vascular laser turned out to be effective in reducing vascular changes in both women and men. The skin phototypes did not significantly affect the therapy efficacy. Neither the age of patients nor number of laser sessions affect therapy efficacy. 532 nm laser therapy is effective in reducing vascular skin lesions located in the face area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Phototherapy: Sensing and Applications)
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17 pages, 3282 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of the Photophysical, Electrochemical and Cytotoxic Properties of meso-(2-, 3- and 4-Pyridyl)-BODIPYs and Their Derivatives
by Caroline Ndung’u, Daniel J. LaMaster, Simran Dhingra, Nathan H. Mitchell, Petia Bobadova-Parvanova, Frank R. Fronczek, Noémie Elgrishi and Maria da Graça H. Vicente
Sensors 2022, 22(14), 5121; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145121 - 07 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2449
Abstract
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes bearing a pyridyl moiety have been used as metal ion sensors, pH sensors, fluorescence probes, and as sensitizers for phototherapy. A comparative study of the properties of the three structural isomers of meso-pyridyl-BODIPYs, their 2,6-dichloro derivatives, and their [...] Read more.
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes bearing a pyridyl moiety have been used as metal ion sensors, pH sensors, fluorescence probes, and as sensitizers for phototherapy. A comparative study of the properties of the three structural isomers of meso-pyridyl-BODIPYs, their 2,6-dichloro derivatives, and their corresponding methylated cationic pyridinium-BODIPYs was conducted using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, X-ray analyses, and TD-DFT calculations. Among the neutral derivatives, the 3Py and 4Py isomers showed the highest relative fluorescence quantum yields in organic solvents, which were further enhanced 2-4-fold via the introduction of two chlorines at the 2,6-positions. Among the cationic derivatives, the 2catPy showed the highest relative fluorescence quantum yield in organic solvents, which was further enhanced by the use of a bulky counter anion (PF6−). In water, the quantum yields were greatly reduced for all three isomers but were shown to be enhanced upon introduction of 2,6-dichloro groups. Our results indicate that 2,6-dichloro-meso-(2- and 3-pyridinium)-BODIPYs are the most promising for sensing applications. Furthermore, all pyridinium BODIPYs are highly water-soluble and display low cytotoxicity towards human HEp2 cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Phototherapy: Sensing and Applications)
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18 pages, 17555 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on Death of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Various Shapes of Gold Nanoparticles Using Photothermal Therapy
by Donghyuk Kim and Hyunjung Kim
Sensors 2022, 22(4), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041671 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2067
Abstract
Due to increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation caused by increased outdoor activities, the incidence of skin cancer is increasing. Incision is the most typical method for treating skin cancer, and various treatments that can minimize the risks of incision surgery are being investigated. [...] Read more.
Due to increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation caused by increased outdoor activities, the incidence of skin cancer is increasing. Incision is the most typical method for treating skin cancer, and various treatments that can minimize the risks of incision surgery are being investigated. Among them, photothermal therapy is garnering attention because it does not cause bleeding and affords rapid recovery. In photothermal therapy, tumor death is induced via temperature increase. In this study, a numerical study based on heat transfer theory was conducted to investigate the death of squamous cell carcinoma located in the skin layer based on various shapes of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) used in photothermal therapy. The quantitative correlation between the conditions of various AuNPs and the laser intensity that yields the optimal photothermal treatment effect was derived using the effective apoptosis ratio. It was confirmed that optimal conditions exist for maximizing apoptosis within a tumor tissue and minimizing the thermal damage to surrounding normal tissues when using AuNPs under various conditions. Furthermore, it is envisioned that research result will be utilized as a standard for photothermal treatment in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Phototherapy: Sensing and Applications)
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Review

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15 pages, 847 KiB  
Review
Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Pamella de Barros Motta, Lara Jansiski Motta, Thalita Molinos Campos, Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves, Elaine Marcílio Santos, Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco, David José Casimiro de Andrade, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana and Sandra Kalil Bussadori
Sensors 2022, 22(2), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020469 - 08 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2189
Abstract
Background: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of aPDT for the treatment of halitosis. Methods: Search strategies were conducted in October 2021 without language or data restrictions, on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILACS and BBO, as well [...] Read more.
Background: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of aPDT for the treatment of halitosis. Methods: Search strategies were conducted in October 2021 without language or data restrictions, on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILACS and BBO, as well as a manual search. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with parallel design were considered for inclusion, assessing individuals (adolescents and adults) with a clinical diagnosis of halitosis treated with photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Primary outcomes assessed were halitosis measurements, adverse events and quality of life. The risk of bias for each included study was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of the body of the evidence was assessed with the GRADe approach. Results: Six RCTs (total of 225 participants) were included and due to clinical diversities it was not possible to group the outcome data in meta-analyses. Based on very low-certainty evidence (GRADE) the results showed that, when compared to tongue scraper, aPDT seems to promote a little to no difference in reducing halitosis and in the microbiological analysis. No adverse events were reported. Considering aPDT combined with tongue scraper, better outcome results were observed when compared to tongue scraper alone. Conclusions: Based on very low-certainty evidence, the findings of this review are uncertain about the effects of aPDT for halitosis control. Further RCTs with higher number of participants and long term assessments need to be conducted to support the use of this intervention. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (number: CRD42020215319) on 19 November 2020—retrospectively registered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Phototherapy: Sensing and Applications)
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13 pages, 7232 KiB  
Review
Effect of Blue Light on Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review
by Mara Lúcia Gonçalves Diogo, Thalita Molinos Campos, Elsa Susana Reis Fonseca, Christiane Pavani, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Francisca Goreth Malheiro Moraes Fantin, Diego Portes Vieira Leite, Ângela Toshie Araki Yamamoto, Ricardo Scarparo Navarro and Lara Jansiski Motta
Sensors 2021, 21(20), 6943; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206943 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 8899
Abstract
Acne is a dermatosis that affects almost 90% of the adolescent population worldwide and its treatment is performed with retinoids, antimicrobials, acids, and topical or systemic antibiotics. Side effects such as skin irritation in addition to microbial resistance to antibiotics are the main [...] Read more.
Acne is a dermatosis that affects almost 90% of the adolescent population worldwide and its treatment is performed with retinoids, antimicrobials, acids, and topical or systemic antibiotics. Side effects such as skin irritation in addition to microbial resistance to antibiotics are the main side effects found. Phototherapy with blue light is being used as an alternative treatment. Our objective was to analyze the use of blue light to treat inflammatory acne. We conducted a systematic literature review, following the recommendation PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses), including in the sample randomized clinical trial studies that compared blue light with another intervention as control. The research was carried out in the PUBMED and WEB of SCIENCE databases and the methodological quality of the studies evaluated were made by the Cochrane Collaboration Bias Risk Scale. After the exclusion of duplicates, the titles and abstracts of 81 articles were evaluated, and 50 articles were selected for full reading, including in the review at the end 8 articles. Studies have shown significant improvements in the overall picture of acne. It is concluded that despite the great potential in its use in the treatment of acne, there is a need for more detailed trials on the effect of blue light on the treatment of inflammatory acne. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Phototherapy: Sensing and Applications)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

16 pages, 9239 KiB  
Case Report
A Novel Concept of Combined High-Level-Laser Treatment and Transcutaneous Photobiomodulation Therapy Utilisation in Orthodontic Periodontal Interface Management
by Reem Hanna, Magdalena Pawelczyk-Madalińska, Tudor Sălăgean, Mircea Emil Nap, Ioana Roxana Bordea and Stefano Benedicenti
Sensors 2022, 22(6), 2263; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062263 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4222
Abstract
This case report is aimed to demonstrate the synergetic effects of λ940 nm laser photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in augmenting the advantages of high-level-laser treatment (HLLT)-mediated reaction orthodontic periodontal interface management. Materials and Methods: A 32-year-old female who presented with a persistent gummy smile [...] Read more.
This case report is aimed to demonstrate the synergetic effects of λ940 nm laser photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in augmenting the advantages of high-level-laser treatment (HLLT)-mediated reaction orthodontic periodontal interface management. Materials and Methods: A 32-year-old female who presented with a persistent gummy smile of upper incisors and low upper midline frenum attachment post-orthodontic treatment, was seeking a better smile appearance. She had a history of delayed wound healing without underlying medical conditions; otherwise, she was fit and healthy. She underwent laser ablation of the upper midline frenum and gingivoplasty of the upper incisors region with λ940 nm and λ2780, respectively, as well as transcutaneous PBM therapy (λ940 nm) to accelerate wound healing. The laser protocols were as follows: λ2780 nm: power output—2 W, pulse width—60 μs, free running pulse (FRP), spot area—0.0016 cm2, pulse repetition rate—25 pulses per second (s), 80 mJ/pulse, 90 s, λ940 nm: 1.2 W, continuous wave (CW) emission mode, 300 μm, 60 s; whereas the adjunctive λ940 nm induced-PBM parameters were as follows: power output—1.4 W, CW—120 s, single application, spot area—2.8 cm2. An acceleration of the wound healing was observed on the 4th day of treatment with no immediate or post-operative complications. The results showed no functional or aesthetic relapses at a long-term follow-up of 6 months. The authors concluded that λ940 nm laser-PBM can provide a synergetic effect to HLLT in accelerating wound healing and offering a precision smile with minimal to none post-operative complications. It is safe and justifiable to utilise dual therapy over the conventional methods, which serves our patients’ needs in our daily practice and in various clinical indications. The concept and laser protocols of this clinical case report can pave the roadmap for future extensive studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Laser Phototherapy: Sensing and Applications)
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