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Advances in Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Single Sensor Techniques and Sensor Fusion Approaches

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Fault Diagnosis & Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 503

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
Interests: fault detection and diagnosis; signal processing; multiscale signal analysis; sensor fusion; signal to image conversion and analysis; artificial intelligence; explainable machine learning
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bearings are fundamental components in rotating machinery, supporting motion and reducing friction between moving parts. They are widely used in industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and aerospace. As machinery becomes more advanced and operates under increasingly demanding and harsh conditions, bearings are subjected to high loads, speeds, and prolonged operation. These factors contribute to wear and the development of incipient faults, which, if undetected, can lead to severe consequences, including machine failure, downtime, economic loss, and safety hazards. Therefore, accurate and early diagnosis of bearing faults is essential for improving equipment reliability, optimizing maintenance, and ensuring operational safety.

This Special Issue focuses on recent advances in bearing fault diagnosis using both single-sensor techniques and multi-sensor fusion approaches. Single sensor systems are favored for their simplicity and low cost, while sensor fusion strategies enhance fault detection and classification by integrating data from multiple sensing modalities such as vibration, acoustic emission, and current signals, etc.

This Special Issue invites original research articles and reviews that explore novel methodologies, signal processing techniques, machine learning models, deep learning architectures, and practical applications related to both single-sensor and sensor fusion-based bearing fault diagnosis. Furthermore, research concerning recent advances in sensor fault diagnosis is also encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Jong-Myon Kim
Dr. Zahoor Ahmad
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bearing fault diagnosis
  • single sensor techniques
  • sensor fusion
  • condition monitoring
  • machine learning

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 4430 KiB  
Article
Early Bearing Fault Diagnosis in PMSMs Based on HO-VMD and Weighted Evidence Fusion of Current–Vibration Signals
by Xianwu He, Xuhui Liu, Cheng Lin, Minjie Fu, Jiajin Wang and Jian Zhang
Sensors 2025, 25(15), 4591; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154591 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 351
Abstract
To address the challenges posed by weak early fault signal features, strong noise interference, low diagnostic accuracy, poor reliability when using single information sources, and the limited availability of high-quality samples in practical applications for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) bearings, this paper [...] Read more.
To address the challenges posed by weak early fault signal features, strong noise interference, low diagnostic accuracy, poor reliability when using single information sources, and the limited availability of high-quality samples in practical applications for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) bearings, this paper proposes an early bearing fault diagnosis method based on Hippopotamus Optimization Variational Mode Decomposition (HO-VMD) and weighted evidence fusion of current–vibration signals. The HO algorithm is employed to optimize the parameters of VMD for adaptive modal decomposition of current and vibration signals, resulting in the generation of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). These IMFs are then selected and reconstructed based on their kurtosis to suppress noise and harmonic interference. Subsequently, the reconstructed signals are demodulated using the Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO), and both time-domain and energy spectrum features are extracted. The reliability of these features is utilized to adaptively weight the basic probability assignment (BPA) functions. Finally, a weighted modified Dempster–Shafer evidence theory (WMDST) is applied to fuse multi-source feature information, enabling an accurate assessment of the PMSM bearing health status. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and enables precise diagnosis of early bearing faults even in scenarios with limited sample sizes. Full article
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