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Spectroscopic Sensing for Planetary Exploration and Planetary Defense

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1001

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziale INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: small bodies; spectroscopy; laboratory analysis; extraterrestrial materials analysis and safety transportation; planetary defense; Instrumentation development for planetary exploration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziale INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: small bodies; dust; spectroscopy; dust sensors; planetary defense
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziale INAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: planetary science; planetary defense; spectroscopy; data analysis; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Spectroscopy is a widely used technique for studying the chemical and physical properties of the planetary bodies in our Solar System. Over the past decade, the development of innovative cameras (e.g., HyperScout-AFC/HERA; MCAP/Destiny+; ONC/Hayabusa2; etc.) and advanced visible and infrared spectrometers (e.g., PFS/Mars Express; VIMS/Cassini; VIRTIS/Venus Express; VIR/DAWN, JIRAM/JUICE, NIRS3/Hayabusa2, OVIRS/Osiris-Rex) has significantly increased. These instruments enable planetary scientists to analyze and map the physical and chemical properties of planetary bodies, correlating them with surface morphological features and the dynamic structures of their atmosphere. In particular, spectroscopy plays a crucial role in understanding the composition and evolution of planetary and small hazardous bodies, their dynamics, and other key characteristics. Recently, space missions devoted to planetary protection, such as DART/NASA, HERA/ESA, and RAMSES/ESA, have gained significant interest.

This Special Issue is focused on spectroscopy methods and instruments (i.e., previous and more recent spectrometers and cameras), with particular emphasis given to new challenges in the field of spectroscopic data analysis. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Returned science and lessons learned from spectroscopy analysis and instrumentation.
  • New spectroscopy analysis methods.
  • Spectroscopy analysis of in-flight data.
  • New concepts and innovative spectrometers.
  • Micro-spectroscopy analysis of returned samples.
  • Spectroscopic measurements in the laboratory with analogous planetary samples.

Dr. Fabrizio Dirri
Dr. Andrea Longobardo
Guest Editors

Dr. Marianna Angrisani
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • planetary spectroscopy
  • spectrometers
  • small bodies
  • planetary defense
  • spectroscopy methods
  • micro-spectroscopy
  • laboratory analysis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 27170 KB  
Article
Tests of HgCdTe Photodetectors Performances for Implementation on the MIST-A Instrument
by Chiara Cencia, Eliana La Francesca, Mauro Ciarniello, Andrea Raponi, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Maria Cristina De Sanctis, Simone De Angelis, Michelangelo Formisano, Marco Ferrari, David Biondi, Angelo Boccaccini, Stefania Stefani, Giuseppe Piccioni, Alessandro Mura, Anna Galiano, Leonardo Tommasi, Clorinda Bartolo, Marcella Iuzzolino, Leda Bucciantini, Michele Dami, Giovanni Cossu, Stefano Nencioni, Angelo Olivieri, Eleonora Ammannito, Alessandra Tiberia and Gianrico Filacchioneadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Sensors 2026, 26(7), 2250; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26072250 - 5 Apr 2026
Viewed by 560
Abstract
The Middle-Wave Infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Target Asteroids (MIST-A) will be launched in 2028 aboard the Emirates Mission to the Asteroid belt (EMA) and will operate in the 2–5 μm spectral range to study the asteroids’ surface composition and thermo-physical properties. MIST-A’s Optical [...] Read more.
The Middle-Wave Infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Target Asteroids (MIST-A) will be launched in 2028 aboard the Emirates Mission to the Asteroid belt (EMA) and will operate in the 2–5 μm spectral range to study the asteroids’ surface composition and thermo-physical properties. MIST-A’s Optical Head (OH) design is inherited from the Jovian IR Auroral Mapper (JIRAM), from which the instrument also received two spare Hybrid-Thinned Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride (MCT) photodetectors: the Engineering Model EM2 and the Flight Spare FS1. These are tested to assess their performance after a long period of storage. The laboratory setup for testing both detectors consists of a blackbody and a cryostat which houses the focal plane, maintained at temperatures of 85 K, its nominal operative temperature, and 90 K. Two sets of measurements are performed: (1) characterization of the dark current at different integration times (0 ms, 224 ms, 448 ms, 672 ms, 869 ms, 1120 ms); (2) verification of the detectors’ response linearity, measuring a blackbody at different temperatures (from 50 °C to 100 °C), including ambient temperature (25 °C, with the blackbody turned off). The results of these tests confirm that both models are fully operational and allow us to evaluate the consequences of the years of inactivity on their performance. Through a detailed analysis of the detectors’ properties and a comparison study with the results of the sensors’ first characterization performed by their producer in 2009, we come to the conclusion that both instruments are able to fulfill MIST-A’s scientific requirements. The FS1 displays a better performance with respect to the EM2 and for this has been selected as MIST-A’s Flight Model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopic Sensing for Planetary Exploration and Planetary Defense)
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