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Spectroscopic Characterization of Cultural Heritage Materials: Techniques and Systems

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2026 | Viewed by 1455

Special Issue Editors

Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), 75001 Paris, France
Interests: laser spectroscopy; LIBS; heritage science
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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Interests: laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technology theory and instrument development; glow discharge emission spectroscopy equipment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With significant improvements in the sensitivity and precision of in situ spectroscopic techniques—including Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, thermography, and more)—the non-destructive testing and in-depth analysis of cultural heritage materials have entered a new era. Concurrently, the integration of multiple spectroscopic technologies combined with multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms provides revolutionary tools for component identification, craftsmanship reconstruction, the investigation of degradation mechanisms, and the exploration of cultural significance within heritage objects.

This Special Issue primarily focuses on the collection and sharing of research findings in the following areas: the applications of advanced spectroscopic techniques in cultural heritage; the development and integration of instrumentation; methods and applications combining artificial intelligence with advanced spectroscopy for cultural heritage analysis; and spectroscopy-based multidisciplinary approaches to uncovering cultural heritage value.

The scope of submissions includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Applications of novel spectroscopic techniques in cultural heritage;
  • Algorithmic innovations for the analysis of cultural heritage materials;
  • Applications of spectroscopy-based interdisciplinary techniques in cultural heritage;
  • Applications of AI-empowering spectroscopic techniques in the field of cultural heritage.

Dr. Xueshi Bai
Dr. Duixiong Sun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • applications of novel spectroscopic techniques in cultural heritage
  • algorithmic innovations for the analysis of cultural heritage materials
  • applications of spectroscopy-based interdisciplinary techniques in cultural heritage
  • applications of AI-empowering spectroscopic techniques in the field of cultural heritage

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 4712 KB  
Article
Hyperspectral Imaging for the Colorimetric Characterization of Purple Manuscripts: Accuracy, Biases, and Diagnostic Potential
by Cristina Fornacelli, Costanza Cucci, Andrea Casini, Maurizio Aceto and Marcello Picollo
Sensors 2026, 26(11), 3358; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26113358 - 26 May 2026
Viewed by 178
Abstract
Color measurement and monitoring of chromatic changes over time play a key role in the study and conservation of historical materials. In this context, hyper-spectral imaging (HSI) offers spatially resolved spectral information that can be converted into colorimetric data, although its quantitative reliability [...] Read more.
Color measurement and monitoring of chromatic changes over time play a key role in the study and conservation of historical materials. In this context, hyper-spectral imaging (HSI) offers spatially resolved spectral information that can be converted into colorimetric data, although its quantitative reliability under in situ conditions remains challenging. This study evaluates the colorimetric performance of a HSI system (Specim IQ) through comparison with a reference spectrocolorimeter (Konica-Minolta CM-700d), combining laboratory measurements on certified standards and in situ analyses on purple-dyed manuscripts. Colorimetric coordinates (CIELAB) and color differences (ΔE00) were used to assess accuracy, precision, and systematic deviations. Under controlled conditions, HSI showed good agreement with reference measurements, although systematic biases were observed. In situ applications revealed reduced accuracy (average ΔE00 ≈ 4.3) due to material heterogeneity and acquisition constraints. Despite these limitations, HSI preserved consistent relative chromatic relationships, enabling meaningful comparative analysis. Spatially resolved mapping of colorimetric parameters proved effective for visualizing chromatic variability, dye distribution, and degradation patterns. These results demonstrate that, while not fully reliable for absolute colorimetric assessment in situ, HSI represents a powerful tool for non-invasive, spatially resolved color analysis of complex historical materials. Full article
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27 pages, 14641 KB  
Article
Quantitative Archaeological Feature Identification Using Handheld Spectrometers
by Yoon Jung Choi
Sensors 2026, 26(10), 2935; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26102935 - 7 May 2026
Viewed by 689
Abstract
Soil colour and texture play important roles in identifying archaeological features during excavations, particularly in rescue archaeology where rapid and reliable interpretation is required. This study investigated the application of visible-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) soil spectroscopy for quantitatively characterising cultural heritage materials and archaeological soils [...] Read more.
Soil colour and texture play important roles in identifying archaeological features during excavations, particularly in rescue archaeology where rapid and reliable interpretation is required. This study investigated the application of visible-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) soil spectroscopy for quantitatively characterising cultural heritage materials and archaeological soils on freshly exposed surfaces after topsoil removal during excavation. Surface soil spectra were collected using a portable spectrometer from nine features at a rescue excavation site in Hyeondo-myeon, Republic of Korea. A PCA-based spectral deviation approach was applied to detect deviations of archaeological soils from locally defined natural background spectra. Balanced accuracy values exceeded 0.70 under optimised configurations across all sites, with several sites achieving values above 0.80. Strong statistical discrimination coincided with spatially coherent clustering of elevated anomaly values corresponding to archaeologically identified feature zones. The 400–1000 nm wavelength range, combined with locally calibrated background spectra, yielded the most stable and reproducible performance. The proposed workflow demonstrates that field-based VIS-NIR spectroscopy can provide rapid, quantitative, and spatially interpretable support for archaeological feature identification. By integrating sensor-based spectral characterisation with anomaly mapping, the approach minimises interpretive subjectivity and improves analytical reproducibility in excavation decision-making processes. Full article
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