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Sensors
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Antennas and Propagation for 6G Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks
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Antennas and Propagation for 6G Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Fault Diagnosis & Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 3776

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pavlos Lazaridis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Technology, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
Interests: partial discharges; condition monitoring; sensors; antennas; propagation; AI-based detection techniques; fault diagnosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alexandre Jean René Serres

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, CEEI, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Av. Aprigio Veloso, 882 Bodocongo, Campina Grande 58109970, PB, Brazil
Interests: bio-inspired antennas; antenna design; optimization techniques
Prof. Dr. Alfrêdo Gomes Neto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Federal de Paraiba, Av. Primeiro de Maio, 720-Jaguaribe, João Pessoa 58015-435, PB, Brazil
Interests: small antennas; antenna design; antenna measurements; RF materials
Dr. Zaharias Zaharis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: 6G wireless communications; antenna design; beamforming; direction-of-arrival estimation; optimization techniques; artificial intelligence; neural networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At this moment, extensive sixth-generation mobile communications research (6G) is under way, targeting higher bitrates, lower latency, and better geographical coverage. The frequency spectrum covered by 6G is huge and is divided into a lower frequency band (450 MHz to 6 GHz) and a mmWave band (24 to 52.6 GHz), with plans to additionally use a centimetric (7 to 20 GHz) band as well as a sub-THz band (92 to 300 GHz). On the other hand, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), that can sense and inspect the outside world, are becoming more and more widespread, covering an increasing number of applications, such as safety and security, environmental and energy parameter monitoring, healthcare, etc. WSNs mostly use frequencies in the VHF/UHF bands. In both cases, antenna design and measurement, as well as propagation modeling, play crucial roles in the success of these technologies. Smart antennae and beamforming antennas are going to be used extensively at higher frequencies. This Special Issue invites original research papers and review articles that contribute to antenna design and propagation modeling for future 6G communications systems and WSNs. Submissions can focus on conceptual and applied research in topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Design and measurement of 6G antennae;
  • Antennae for WSNs and IoTs;
  •  Antennae embarked on UAVs;
  • Reconfigurable antennae and arrays;
  • Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces;
  • Metamaterial- and metasurface-based antennae;
  • AI-based beamforming;
  • Propagation measurements;
  • Propagation modeling;
  • Antenna optimization;
  • Computational electromagnetics in antenna and propagation modeling;
  • Bio-inspired antennae and algorithms;
  • Antennas for space applications.

Papers should be of high quality and should not have been submitted or published elsewhere; however, extended versions of conference papers that show significant improvement can be considered for review.

Prof. Dr. Pavlos Lazaridis
Dr. Alexandre Jean René Serres
Prof. Dr. Alfrêdo Gomes Neto
Dr. Zaharias Zaharis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • evolutionary algorithms
  • heuristic optimization methods
  • hybrid optimization algorithms
  • antenna design
  • antenna array design
  • antenna optimization tools
  • equivalent circuit theory
  • parallel and GPU processing
  • antenna applications
  • small antennae
  • 5G antennae
  • MIMO antenna systems
  • radar cross-section measurements
  • antenna measurements
  • metamaterial antennae
  • metasurfaces
  • RFID antennae
  • antennae for space applications
  • RF-absorbing materials

Published Papers (3 papers)

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28 pages, 8078 KiB  
Article
Efficient Filter Design to Compensate Fabrication Imperfections in 6G Communication Systems
by Ioannis Stamatopoulos, Ioannis Koutzoglou, Dimitrios I. Karatzidis, Zaharias D. Zaharis, Pavlos I. Lazaridis and Nikolaos V. Kantartzis
Sensors 2023, 23(24), 9825; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249825 - 14 Dec 2023
Viewed by 798
Abstract
In this paper, we present a consistent methodology for the reliable design of 6G-oriented filters with enhanced endurance to construction imperfections. The systematic formulation does not depend on the filter’s operating frequency and employs a robust strategy for obtaining new roots and poles [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present a consistent methodology for the reliable design of 6G-oriented filters with enhanced endurance to construction imperfections. The systematic formulation does not depend on the filter’s operating frequency and employs a robust strategy for obtaining new roots and poles of the filtering function. Essentially, it requires that all the local maxima of the filtering function do not fluctuate beyond the design attenuation levels for a set of predefined roots/poles distortions. To this purpose, two novel algorithms for the derivation of the appropriate filtering functions are developed, in the prior basis, together with a versatile optimization criterion and a heuristic comparison approach that guarantee optimal outcomes. Specifically, the principal idea of the first technique is to accurately extract the roots of the new polynomial from a system of equations on condition that the maximum local peaks of the distorted (due to imperfections) initial polynomial are below a prefixed threshold, such as the unit. Conversely, the second method develops an alternative polynomial, compressed in the amplitude and frequency range, so that a similar prerequisite regarding the maximum local peaks, is satisfied. It is stressed that both methods are fully generalized and may be applied to any polynomial combination, without increasing the overall complexity. The proposed framework is successfully verified in terms of theoretical examples and the numerical simulation of realistic waveguide and mictrostrip line filters, operating at frequencies from 2GHz to 65GHz, which unveil its superiority over existing schemes and implementations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antennas and Propagation for 6G Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks)
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20 pages, 10035 KiB  
Article
Reconfigurable Metasurface: Enabling Tunable Reflection in 6G Wireless Communications
by Monisha Selvaraj, Ramya Vijay, Rajesh Anbazhagan and Amirtharajan Rengarajan
Sensors 2023, 23(22), 9166; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229166 - 14 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
With the continuous advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for innovative solutions that can handle complex applications such as haptic communications, Internet of Things for smart cities, automation, and manufacturing. One technology that has received much attention is the phase reconfigurable [...] Read more.
With the continuous advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for innovative solutions that can handle complex applications such as haptic communications, Internet of Things for smart cities, automation, and manufacturing. One technology that has received much attention is the phase reconfigurable metasurface for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). The RIS demands low-power consumption, simple configuration, angular stability, and polarization insensitivity. The use of phase reconfigurable metasurfaces provides benefits such as low cost, low power consumption, and improved communication coverage and quality. This article introduces a reconfigurable combined-loop metasurface that can effectively manipulate phase reflection. This is achieved by incorporating four PIN diodes between two meta-atoms of a 2 × 2 periodic array within a single-layer metallic structure. By controlling the state of the PIN diodes, which can be switched into 16 different states, the metasurface can achieve various phase reflections. The proposed structure has validated a 32× 32 metasurface through numerical simulations and experiments that exhibit promising results, demonstrating its potential for use in 6G applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antennas and Propagation for 6G Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks)
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22 pages, 3534 KiB  
Article
Limited Sampling Spatial Interpolation Evaluation for 3D Radio Environment Mapping
by Antoni Ivanov, Krasimir Tonchev, Vladimir Poulkov, Agata Manolova and Atanas Vlahov
Sensors 2023, 23(22), 9110; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229110 - 10 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 780
Abstract
The increasing densification and diversification of modern and upcoming wireless networks have become an important motivation for the development of agile spectrum sharing. Radio environment maps (REMs) are a basic tool for spectrum utilisation characterisation and adaptive resource allocation, but they need to [...] Read more.
The increasing densification and diversification of modern and upcoming wireless networks have become an important motivation for the development of agile spectrum sharing. Radio environment maps (REMs) are a basic tool for spectrum utilisation characterisation and adaptive resource allocation, but they need to be estimated through accurate interpolation methods. This work evaluated the performance of two established algorithms for spatial three-dimensional (3D) data collected in two real-world scenarios: indoors, through a mechanical measuring system, and outdoors, through an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for measurement collection. The investigation was undertaken for the complete dataset on two-dimensional (2D) planes of different altitudes and for a subset of limited samples (representing the regions of interest or RoIs), which were combined together to describe the spatial 3D environment. A minimum error of −9.5 dB was achieved for a sampling ratio of 21%. The methods’ performance and the input data were analysed through the resulting Kriging error standard deviation (STD) and the STD of the distances between the measurement and the estimated points. Based on the results, several challenges for the interpolation performance and the analysis of the spatial RoIs are described. They facilitate the future development of 3D spectrum occupancy characterisation in indoor and UAV-based scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antennas and Propagation for 6G Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks)
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