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Intelligent Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring and Mechanical Fault Diagnosis: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Fault Diagnosis & Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2026 | Viewed by 1425

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Interests: mechanical fault diagnosis; weak signal detection; structural health monitoring; intelligent medical equipment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: mechanical system dynamics; equipment monitoring and diagnosis; vibration energy harvesting; nonlinear vibration reduction/isolation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Structural health monitoring (SHM) aims to identify the damage caused to fixed objects, including aerospace, civil, and mechanical engineering infrastructure, whereas mechanical fault diagnosis (MFD) seeks to monitor the health states and diagnose the damage to rotating objects, including wind turbines, aero-engines, and high-speed trains. These methods have attracted sustained and growing interest. However, it is vital for investigators to use advanced and intelligent sensors to acquire accurate and multi-source data from fixed and rotating objects. Moreover, the data quality is highly dependent on the sensors. Up to now, many scholars have applied advanced sensors to SHM and MFD, including acoustic emissions, vibration, strain, temperature, images, audio, electric currents, chemical analysis, optical fibers, oil analysis sensors, etc.

This Special Issue therefore aims to compile original research and review articles on the recent advances, technologies, solutions, applications, and new challenges in the field of intelligent sensors for SHM and MFD. These topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Novel sensors and sensing technologies in SHM and MFD;
  • Intelligent SHM and MFD methods;
  • Improved and enhanced data quality methods in SHM and MFD;
  • Advanced signal processing techniques in SHM and MFD;
  • Sensor network design and optimization in SHM and MFD;
  • Remaining useful life prediction in SHM and MFD;
  • Weak signal detection and enhancement in SHM and MFD;
  • Built-in SHM and MFD intelligent maintenance and health management.

Dr. Zijian Qiao
Dr. Zhihui Lai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • intelligent sensing
  • advanced sensors
  • structural health monitoring
  • mechanical fault diagnosis
  • data quality improvement

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2525 KB  
Article
Novel Technology for Unbalance Diagnosis for Dual-Speed Wind Turbines
by Amir R. Askari, Len Gelman, Russell King, Daryl Hickey and Mehdi Behzad
Sensors 2026, 26(7), 2268; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26072268 - 7 Apr 2026
Viewed by 476
Abstract
Unbalance diagnosis for non-constant speed systems is challenging because the 1X fundamental rotational harmonic magnitude, commonly used as an unbalance indicator, depends on shaft rotational speed. This dependency makes it difficult to separate speed effects from unbalance effects. It has been shown that [...] Read more.
Unbalance diagnosis for non-constant speed systems is challenging because the 1X fundamental rotational harmonic magnitude, commonly used as an unbalance indicator, depends on shaft rotational speed. This dependency makes it difficult to separate speed effects from unbalance effects. It has been shown that 1X magnitudes become speed-invariant if they are normalized with respect to the rotational speed in power four for variable-speed wind turbines. However, the applicability of this diagnostic technology to dual-speed machines remains unclear. This study experimentally investigates unbalance diagnosis technologies for dual-speed wind turbines, for which speed-dependent interference is present. Vibration data are collected from the main bearings of two dual-speed wind turbines. Novel residual-based, speed-invariant unbalance diagnostic technology is proposed. The experimental results show consistent statistical distributions of the new diagnosis indicator across low and high-speed operating regimes. These findings confirm the suitability of the proposed technology for unbalance diagnosis for dual-speed rotating machinery. Full article
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29 pages, 9489 KB  
Article
Lightweight Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Under High Noise Based on Improved Multi-Scale Depthwise Separable Convolution and Efficient Channel Attention
by Xiubin Liu, Wei Li, Haoming Li, Yong Zhu and Ramesh K. Agarwal
Sensors 2026, 26(4), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26041196 - 12 Feb 2026
Viewed by 506
Abstract
Gearbox fault diagnosis under strong-noise conditions remains challenging due to the difficulty of extracting weak fault-related features from noise-dominated vibration signals, inefficient modeling of multi-scale impulsive characteristics under limited computational resources, and degraded diagnostic stability across varying noise levels. To address these issues, [...] Read more.
Gearbox fault diagnosis under strong-noise conditions remains challenging due to the difficulty of extracting weak fault-related features from noise-dominated vibration signals, inefficient modeling of multi-scale impulsive characteristics under limited computational resources, and degraded diagnostic stability across varying noise levels. To address these issues, this paper proposes a lightweight fault diagnosis model (DSMC-ECA) that integrates an improved multi-scale depthwise separable convolution scheme with efficient channel attention. The proposed model adopts a dual-branch parallel feature extraction architecture: the SMC branch captures local fine-grained impulsive features, while the SMDC branch expands the receptive field via multi-scale separable dilated convolutions to model long-range dependencies. Meanwhile, ECA is embedded into the multi-scale features for channel-wise recalibration, highlighting fault-relevant discriminative information and suppressing noise disturbances. The model contains only 0.204 M parameters and requires 10.037 M FLOPs, achieving a favorable trade-off between performance and efficiency. Experimental results on the XJTU and SEU datasets demonstrate that DSMC-ECA consistently outperforms baseline methods across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (from −6 dB to noise-free conditions). Notably, under the most challenging −6 dB setting, it achieves the highest average diagnostic accuracies of 95.11% (XJTU) and 86.84% (SEU). Full article
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