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Massive MIMO Systems for High-Resolution Localization, Radar, and Imaging Systems: State-of-the-Art, Perspectives and Applications

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2022) | Viewed by 6922

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Dr. Davy Gaillot

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Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), University of Lille I, IEMN, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
Interests: MIMO radio channel; high-resolution estimators; localization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Massive MIMO has emerged as one of the most promising physical-layer technologies and cornerstone for 5G and beyond wireless systems. The association of large antenna array and smart pre-processing promises to deliver superior system improvement with improved spectral efficiency, achieved by spatial multiplexing and better energy efficiency, exploiting array gain and reducing the radiated power. While massive MIMO is expected to fill the gap for 5G use-cases like industrial IoT (Internet of Things) and V2X communications (Vehicle-to-Everything), it is considered more generally as a key enabler technology in intelligent transportation systems to localize connected users with high accuracy. This special issue focuses on the development and validation of massive MIMO-based localization, imaging and radar techniques for 5G networks. The scientific and engineering challenges that arise not only from the hardware and software architecture but also from the complexity and modeling of the radio propagation channel are yet to be fully addressed. A broader aim is to collect together high-quality papers from researchers working in this area with the aim of presenting the state-of-the art, advances and outlook in this field. Another goal is to identify and demonstrate innovative solutions that can be transferred in existing or future cellular networks.

Dr. Davy Gaillot
Guest Editor

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Keywords

High-accuracy localization techniques with Massive MIMO systems
Radio channel modeling and measurements with Massive MIMO systems
Simultaneous and Localization and Mapping techniques with Massive MIMO systems
Development of real-time radar techniques with Massive MIMO systems
Millimeter wave localization with Massive MIMO systems
Detection, localization, and tracking of vehicles with Massive MIMO systems

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5338 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Stationarity Time of a Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Massive Radio Channel in a Line-of-Sight Suburban Environment

by Nor El Islam Dahmouni, Pierre Laly, Marwan Yusuf, Gauthier Delbarre, Martine Liénard, Eric P. Simon and Davy P. Gaillot

Sensors 2022, 22(21), 8420; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218420 - 2 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1185

Abstract

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) communication systems are a pillar technology for 5G. However, the wireless radio channel models relying on the assumption of wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) may not always be valid for dynamic scenarios. Nonetheless, an analysis of the stationarity time that validates this hypothesis for mMIMO vehicular channels as well as a clear relationship with the scattering properties is missing in the literature. Here, time-varying single-user mMIMO radio channels were measured in a suburban environment at the 5.89 GHz vehicular band with a strong Line-of-Sight (LOS) to study the non-WSSUS and large scale characteristics of the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) link. The generalized local scattering function (GLSF), computed from the sampled channels, was used to derive (1) the spatial distribution of the stationarity time using the channel correlation function (CCF) and empirical collinearity methods and (2) the root mean square delay/angular spread and coherence time/bandwidth values from the projected power delay profile (PDP) and Doppler power spectra (DPS). The results highlight the high degree of correlation between the spatial distribution of the stationarity time and the scattering properties along the measurement route. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Massive MIMO Systems for High-Resolution Localization, Radar, and Imaging Systems: State-of-the-Art, Perspectives and Applications)

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15 pages, 6991 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quad-Port Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna with Wide Axial Ratio

by Vamshi Kollipara and Samineni Peddakrishna

Sensors 2022, 22(20), 7972; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207972 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1675

Abstract

This article studies a quad-port multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) circularly polarized antenna with good isolation properties. Using characteristic mode analysis (CMA), the first six distinct modes of the asymmetric square slot with an inverted L-strip are analyzed. In this study, modal parameter extraction is carried out for circular polarization (CP) radiation. A simple annular ring microstrip feed is excited to obtain broadband CP based on CMA. The single-unit feeding structure is replicated orthogonally four times to achieve a CP MIMO antenna. This antenna provides port isolation of more than 21 dB without the use of an additional decoupling element. The quad-port CP-MIMO antenna is simulated with a total dimension of 50 × 50 mm². The antenna attains impedance matching (S₁₁ < −10 dB) from 5.37 GHz to beyond 11 GHz with an axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 4.65 GHz (5.61 GHz to 10.26 GHz). The peak realized gain of the MIMO antenna is measured at 5.69 dBi at 8.4 GHz. Additionally, the diversity performance parameters of the MIMO structure are computed. The advantages of the proposed structure have been evaluated by comparing it to previously reported MIMO structures. A prototype of the MIMO structure measurements was found to match the simulation results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Massive MIMO Systems for High-Resolution Localization, Radar, and Imaging Systems: State-of-the-Art, Perspectives and Applications)

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14 pages, 1701 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Massive MIMO Indoor Transmissions at 38 and 65 GHz Applying Novel HBF Techniques for 5G

by Concepción Sanchis-Borrás, Maria-Teresa Martinez-Ingles and Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia-Pardo

Sensors 2022, 22(10), 3716; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103716 - 13 May 2022

Viewed by 1116

Abstract

The 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5GPPP) has recently published a white paper about 5G service indoors, since up to now, it had mainly focused on the outdoors. In an indoor environment, the requirements are different since the propagation mechanism differs from other scenarios. Furthermore, previous works have shown that space frequency block code (SFBC) techniques applied to multiple antennas improve performance compared to single-input single-output (SISO) systems. This paper presents an experimental study in an indoor environment regarding the performance of a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) millimeter-wave (mmWave) system based on the 5G New Radio (NR) standard in two frequency bands. In a first step, the 38 and 65 GHz bands are compared by applying a low-complexity hybrid beamforming (HBF) algorithm. In a second step, the throughput and the maximum achievable distance are studied using a new algorithm that combines the SFBC technique and HBF. Results show, at 38 GHz with HBF and aggregated bandwidths (4 × 100 MHz), a maximum throughput of 4.30 Gbit/s up to 4.1 m. At 65 GHz, the SFBC + HBF algorithm improves the communication distance by 1.34, 1.61, or 1.75 m for bandwidths of 100, 200, or 400 MHz, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Massive MIMO Systems for High-Resolution Localization, Radar, and Imaging Systems: State-of-the-Art, Perspectives and Applications)

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27 pages, 2603 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Limits of Direct Wideband Coherent 3D Localization in Distributed Massive MIMO Systems

by Nenad Vukmirović, Miljko Erić and Petar M. Djurić

Sensors 2021, 21(10), 3401; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103401 - 13 May 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2061

Abstract

We address the accuracy of wideband direct position estimation of a radio transmitter via a distributed antenna array in 5G cellular systems. Our derivations are based only on the presence of spatially coherent line-of-sight (LoS) signal components, which is a realistic assumption in small cells, especially in the mmWave range. The system model considers collocated time and phase synchronized receiving front-ends with antennas distributed in 3D space at known locations and connected to the front-ends via calibrated coaxial cables or analog radio-frequency-over-fiber links. Furthermore, the signal model assumes spherical wavefronts. We derive the Cramér-Rao bounds (CRBs) for two implementations of the system: with (a) known signals and (b) random Gaussian signals. The results show how the bounds depend on the carrier frequency, number of samples used for estimation, and signal-to-noise ratios. They also show that increasing the number of antennas (such as in massive MIMO systems) considerably improves the accuracy and lowers the signal-to-noise threshold for localization even for non-cooperative transmitters. Finally, our derivations show that the square roots of the bounds are two to three orders of magnitude below the carrier wavelength for realistic system parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Massive MIMO Systems for High-Resolution Localization, Radar, and Imaging Systems: State-of-the-Art, Perspectives and Applications)

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