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MET Angular and Linear Motion Seismic Sensors
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MET Angular and Linear Motion Seismic Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 15526

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vadim M. Agafonov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 117303 Moscow, Russia
Interests: molecular–electronic transfer; electronics; electrochemistry; motion sensors; charge and mass transport
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, there are many scientific and technical applications related to the problems of measuring weak linear and angular mechanical movements. Such tasks exist in seismology, seismic exploration, and engineering. Measurements must be carried out in wide frequency and dynamic ranges while the sensors have to be inexpensive, compact, and easy to use. One promising technology is MET. Sensors of this type are interesting because of their high technical parameters and low cost.

This Special Issue is devoted to the research in the field of MET technology, which may include the study of fundamental physical processes that determine the conversion of signals in linear and angular motion MET sensors, technical and technological aspects associated with the creation of new types of sensors, the use of new materials for MET, practical examples in various fields, and other related issues.

Dr. Vadim M. Agafonov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • MET technology
  • hydrodynamic and charge transfer in microchannels
  • fabrication of microscopic electrochemical systems
  • noise in MET sensors
  • applications of MET sensors

Published Papers (6 papers)

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16 pages, 5677 KiB  
Technical Note
The Advanced Prototype of the Geohydroacoustic Ice Buoy
by Leonid Sobisevich, Vadim Agafonov, Dmitriy Presnov, Valentin Gravirov, Dmitry Likhodeev and Ruslan Zhostkov
Sensors 2020, 20(24), 7213; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247213 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1919
Abstract
The new-generation geohydroacoustic buoy prototype is designed for simultaneous acquisition of acoustic, hydroacoustic, and seismoacoustic data in various environmental conditions, including onshore and offshore boreholes, yet is specifically targeted for operation in Arctic seas as an element of the distributed ice-class drifting antennas. [...] Read more.
The new-generation geohydroacoustic buoy prototype is designed for simultaneous acquisition of acoustic, hydroacoustic, and seismoacoustic data in various environmental conditions, including onshore and offshore boreholes, yet is specifically targeted for operation in Arctic seas as an element of the distributed ice-class drifting antennas. Modular structure of the geohydroacoustic ice buoy incorporates the advanced data logger and a combination of sensors: vector–scalar hydroacoustic (0.01–2.5 kHz) accelerometer, broadband molecular–electronic (0.03–50 Hz) velocimeter, as well as optional hydrophones. The distinguishing feature of the geohydroacoustic buoy is its low power consumption responsible for consistent autonomous operation of the entire measurement system for at least one week. Results of continuous laboratory tests carried out at the geophysical observatory of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GS RAS) in Obninsk are presented. It has been confirmed via comparative analysis of recorded time series featuring microseismic noise and teleseismic earthquakes that the prototype well meets the high standards of modern seismology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MET Angular and Linear Motion Seismic Sensors)
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19 pages, 5702 KiB  
Article
Modeling of the MET Sensitive Element Conversion Factor on the Intercathode Distance
by Maksim Ryzhkov and Vadim Agafonov
Sensors 2020, 20(18), 5146; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185146 - 09 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1445
Abstract
MET sensors for measuring motion parameters are used in many scientific and technical fields. Meanwhile, the geometries of the transforming cell applied practically are far from optimal, and the influence of many geometric parameters on the sensitivity has not been studied. These parameters [...] Read more.
MET sensors for measuring motion parameters are used in many scientific and technical fields. Meanwhile, the geometries of the transforming cell applied practically are far from optimal, and the influence of many geometric parameters on the sensitivity has not been studied. These parameters include the intercathode distance in a four-electrode conversion cell. In this paper, a mathematical model that allows calculating the behavior of the conversion coefficient depending on the frequency for a cell with flat electrodes at different intercathode distances is constructed. The stationary current is shown to decrease monotonically with the decreasing intercathode distance at the constancy of other system parameters. At the same time, the signal current decreases in the low-frequency region and increases in the high-frequency range. Taking into account the results obtained, practically speaking, it is advisable to reduce the intercathode distance to the technologically possible minimum, which makes the frequency response more uniform and reduces the current consumed by the sensitive element. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MET Angular and Linear Motion Seismic Sensors)
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14 pages, 5275 KiB  
Article
A New Method for Measuring the Rotational Angles of a Precision Spherical Joint Using Eddy Current Sensors
by Penghao Hu, Linchao Zhao, Chuxin Tang, Shanlin Liu, Xueming Dang and Yi Hu
Sensors 2020, 20(14), 4020; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144020 - 20 Jul 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2951
Abstract
Precision spherical joint is a spherical motion pair that can realize rotation with three degrees of freedom. This joint is widely used in robots, parallel mechanisms, and high-end medical equipment, as well as in aerospace and other fields. However, the rotation orientation and [...] Read more.
Precision spherical joint is a spherical motion pair that can realize rotation with three degrees of freedom. This joint is widely used in robots, parallel mechanisms, and high-end medical equipment, as well as in aerospace and other fields. However, the rotation orientation and angle cannot be determined when the joint is in passive motion. The real-time determination of the rotation orientation and angle is crucial to the improvement of the motion control accuracy of the equipment where the joint is installed in. In this study, a new measurement method that utilizes eddy current sensors is proposed to identify the special features of the joint ball and realize angle measurements indirectly. The basic idea is to manufacture the specific shape features on the ball without affecting its movement accuracy and mechanical performance. An eddy current sensor array is distributed in the ball socket. When the ball head rotates, the features on the ball opposite to the sensor, as well as the output signal of every eddy current sensor, change. The measurement model that establishes the relationship between the output signal of the eddy current sensor array and the rotation direction and angle of the ball head is constructed by learning and training an artificial neural network. A prototype is developed using the proposed scheme, and the model simulation and feasibility experiment are subsequently performed. Results show that the root mean square angular error of a single axis within a range of ±14° is approximately 20 min, which suggests the feasibility of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MET Angular and Linear Motion Seismic Sensors)
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16 pages, 3580 KiB  
Article
Study of the Seismoelectric Effect of the Second Kind Using Molecular Sensors
by Vadim Potylitsyn, Danil Kudinov, Alekseev Dmitry, Ekaterina Kokhonkova, Sergey Kurkov, Ivan Egorov and Aleksandra Pliss
Sensors 2021, 21(7), 2301; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072301 - 25 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2173
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the potential possibilities of using molecular-electronic sensors of seismic waves for field work using the seismoelectric method to explore the hydrocarbon deposits. The introduction provides an analytical review of the current state of research based [...] Read more.
The article is devoted to the study of the potential possibilities of using molecular-electronic sensors of seismic waves for field work using the seismoelectric method to explore the hydrocarbon deposits. The introduction provides an analytical review of the current state of research based on data from science magazines and patents. It is shown that at present, seismoelectric effects are at the stage of experimental implementation into the practice of field work for oil and gas geophysical prospecting. Further in the article, theoretical estimates and results of mathematical modeling of the manifestation of seismoelectric (SE) phenomena in the regions of hydrocarbon anomalies are presented, numerical estimates of the values of the seismic and secondary electromagnetic fields are given. The analysis of the results (on a tank and real gas condensate field) showed that the use of molecular-electronic geophones, which have a higher sensitivity and operate in a wider frequency range (up to 0.1 Hz), allows one to obtain higher signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, it has been experimentally established that the use of molecular sensors for recording seismic electric effects when searching for deposits is more preferable when carrying out field work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MET Angular and Linear Motion Seismic Sensors)
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22 pages, 7331 KiB  
Article
Ocean-Bottom Seismographs Based on Broadband MET Sensors: Architecture and Deployment Case Study in the Arctic
by Artem A. Krylov, Ivan V. Egorov, Sergey A. Kovachev, Dmitry A. Ilinskiy, Oleg Yu. Ganzha, Georgy K. Timashkevich, Konstantin A. Roginskiy, Mikhail E. Kulikov, Mikhail A. Novikov, Vladimir N. Ivanov, Elena A. Radiuk, Daria D. Rukavishnikova, Alexander V. Neeshpapa, Grigory O. Velichko, Leopold I. Lobkovsky, Igor P. Medvedev and Igor P. Semiletov
Sensors 2021, 21(12), 3979; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21123979 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3682
Abstract
The Arctic seas are now of particular interest due to their prospects in terms of hydrocarbon extraction, development of marine transport routes, etc. Thus, various geohazards, including those related to seismicity, require detailed studies, especially by instrumental methods. This paper is devoted to [...] Read more.
The Arctic seas are now of particular interest due to their prospects in terms of hydrocarbon extraction, development of marine transport routes, etc. Thus, various geohazards, including those related to seismicity, require detailed studies, especially by instrumental methods. This paper is devoted to the ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) based on broadband molecular–electronic transfer (MET) sensors and a deployment case study in the Laptev Sea. The purpose of the study is to introduce the architecture of several modifications of OBS and to demonstrate their applicability in solving different tasks in the framework of seismic hazard assessment for the Arctic seas. To do this, we used the first results of several pilot deployments of the OBS developed by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS) and IP Ilyinskiy A.D. in the Laptev Sea that took place in 2018–2020. We highlighted various seismological applications of OBS based on broadband MET sensors CME-4311 (60 s) and CME-4111 (120 s), including the analysis of ambient seismic noise, registering the signals of large remote earthquakes and weak local microearthquakes, and the instrumental approach of the site response assessment. The main characteristics of the broadband MET sensors and OBS architectures turned out to be suitable for obtaining high-quality OBS records under the Arctic conditions to solve seismological problems. In addition, the obtained case study results showed the prospects in a broader context, such as the possible influence of the seismotectonic factor on the bottom-up thawing of subsea permafrost and massive methane release, probably from decaying hydrates and deep geological sources. The described OBS will be actively used in further Arctic expeditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MET Angular and Linear Motion Seismic Sensors)
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12 pages, 4122 KiB  
Article
Inlet Effect Caused by Multichannel Structure for Molecular Electronic Transducer Based on a Turbulent-Laminar Flow Model
by Qiuzhan Zhou, Qi He, Yuzhu Chen and Xue Bao
Sensors 2020, 20(7), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072154 - 10 Apr 2020
Viewed by 2354
Abstract
The actual fluid form of an electrolyte in a molecular electronic converter is an important factor that causes a decrease in the accuracy of a molecular electronic transducer (MET) liquid motion sensor. To study the actual fluid morphology of an inertial electrolyte in [...] Read more.
The actual fluid form of an electrolyte in a molecular electronic converter is an important factor that causes a decrease in the accuracy of a molecular electronic transducer (MET) liquid motion sensor. To study the actual fluid morphology of an inertial electrolyte in molecular electron transducers, an inlet effect is defined according to the fluid morphology of turbulent-laminar flow, and a numerical simulation model of turbulent-laminar flow is proposed. Based on the turbulent-laminar flow model, this paper studies the variation of the inlet effect intensity when the thickness of the outermost insulating layer is 50 µm and 100 µm, respectively. Meanwhile, the changes of the inlet effect intensity and the error rate of central axial velocity field are also analyzed when the input signal intensity is different. Through the numerical experiment, it verifies that the thickness of the outermost insulating layer and the amplitude of the input signal are two important factors which can affect the inlet effect intensity and also the accuracy of the MET. Therefore, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the quantitative study on the performance optimization of a MET liquid sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MET Angular and Linear Motion Seismic Sensors)
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