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Solid-State LiDAR Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 7444

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
Interests: CMOS analogue integrated circuit designs for the applications of high-speed optical interconnects; silicon photonics; LiDAR sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
Interests: single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs); silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs); avalanche photodiodes/photodetectors (APDs); LiDAR sensors; ToF sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have attracted significant research interest for various applications, such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), autonomous vehicles, robots, drones, mobile phones, etc. In particular, cost-effective and compact LiDAR sensors become essential for the development of these applications. Nonetheless, current LiDAR sensors require a mechanical scanning system and can thus hardly satisfy their stringent requirements. Hence, solid-state LiDAR sensors based upon semiconductors have recently been paid a great deal of attention as a key solution.

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), and avalanche photodiodes (APDs) especially based on standard CMOS technologies are considered the most crucial devices for solid-state LiDAR sensors because they are able to not only detect very low-intensity signals but also provide cost-effectiveness and high-volume manufacturing as CMOS is a universal platform. Recent advances in the fields of CMOS-based SPADs/SiPMs/APDs can certainly facilitate the realization and development of cost-effective and compact solid-state LiDAR sensors.

The goal of this Special Issue is to invite to the submission of high-quality, state-of-the-art research articles that deal with challenging issues in solid-state LiDAR sensors. We solicit original papers of unpublished and completed research that are not currently under review elsewhere. Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) in CMOS technologies;
  • III-V SPADs for solid-state LiDAR sensors;
  • Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs);
  • Avalanche photodiodes (APDs);
  • Simulation and modeling of SPADs/SiPMs/APDs;
  • Analog front-end (AFE) circuits for LiDAR sensors;
  • Readout integrated circuit (ROIC) for LiDAR sensors;
  • Solid-state LiDAR systems.

Prof. Sung Min Park
Dr. Myung-Jae Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Solid-state LiDAR sensors
  • Single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPAD)
  • Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM)
  • Avalanche photodiodes (APD)
  • Analog front-end (AFE) circuits
  • Readout integrated circuits (ROIC)
  • Autonomous vehicles

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 5405 KiB  
Communication
A CMOS Optoelectronic Receiver IC with an On-Chip Avalanche Photodiode for Home-Monitoring LiDAR Sensors
by Ji-Eun Joo, Myung-Jae Lee and Sung Min Park
Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4364; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134364 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3249
Abstract
This paper presents an optoelectronic receiver (Rx) IC with an on-chip avalanche photodiode (APD) realized in a 0.18-μm CMOS process for the applications of home-monitoring light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors, where the on-chip CMOS P+/N-well APD was implemented to avoid [...] Read more.
This paper presents an optoelectronic receiver (Rx) IC with an on-chip avalanche photodiode (APD) realized in a 0.18-μm CMOS process for the applications of home-monitoring light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors, where the on-chip CMOS P+/N-well APD was implemented to avoid the unwanted signal distortion from bondwires and electro-static discharge (ESD) protection diodes. Various circuit techniques are exploited in this work, such as the feedforward transimpedance amplifier for high gain, and a limiting amplifier with negative impedance compensation for wide bandwidth. Measured results demonstrate 93.4-dBΩ transimpedance gain, 790-MHz bandwidth, 12-pA/√Hz noise current spectral density, 6.74-μApp minimum detectable signal that corresponds to the maximum detection range of 10 m, and 56.5-mW power dissipation from a 1.8-V supply. This optoelectronic Rx IC provides a potential for a low-cost low-power solution in the applications of home-monitoring LiDAR sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid-State LiDAR Sensors)
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22 pages, 12655 KiB  
Article
An Improved Calibration Method for Photonic Mixer Device Solid-State Array Lidars Based on Electrical Analog Delay
by Xuanquan Wang, Ping Song and Wuyang Zhang
Sensors 2020, 20(24), 7329; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247329 - 20 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2940
Abstract
As a typical application of indirect-time-of-flight (ToF) technology, photonic mixer device (PMD) solid-state array Lidar has gained rapid development in recent years. With the advantages of high resolution, frame rate and accuracy, the equipment is widely used in target recognition, simultaneous localization and [...] Read more.
As a typical application of indirect-time-of-flight (ToF) technology, photonic mixer device (PMD) solid-state array Lidar has gained rapid development in recent years. With the advantages of high resolution, frame rate and accuracy, the equipment is widely used in target recognition, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), industrial inspection, etc. The PMD Lidar is vulnerable to several factors such as ambient light, temperature and the target feature. To eliminate the impact of such factors, a proper calibration is needed. However, the conventional calibration methods need to change several distances in large areas, which result in low efficiency and low accuracy. To address the problems, this paper presents an improved calibration method based on electrical analog delay. The method firstly eliminates the lens distortion using a self-adaptive interpolation algorithm, meanwhile it calibrates the grayscale image using an integral time simulating based method. Then, the grayscale image is used to estimate the parameters of ambient light compensation in depth calibration. Finally, by combining four types of compensation, the method effectively improves the performance of depth calibration. Through several experiments, the proposed method is more adaptive to multiscenes with targets of different reflectivities, which significantly improves the ranging accuracy and adaptability of PMD Lidar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid-State LiDAR Sensors)
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