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Research Progress in Optical Microcavity-Based Sensing
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Research Progress in Optical Microcavity-Based Sensing

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 4464

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mengyu Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Measuring and Optical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
Interests: optical microcavity; optical sensing; precision measurement; optical frequency comb; narrow linewidth laser; Brillouin scattering; Raman scattering
Prof. Dr. Xingdao He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Measuring and Optical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
Interests: optical sensing; optical imaging; stimulated Brillouin scattering
Dr. Chengfeng Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Measuring and Optical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
Interests: microcavity photonics and sensing; nonlinear optics; microcavity frequency comb; ultra-precision machining and microwave photonics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical microcavities, including Fabry–Perot cavities, photonic crystal cavities, and whispering-gallery-mode microcavities, can limit the light entering a tiny space, enhancing the interaction between optics and materials. They have the advantages of high energy density, high quality, and a small size. These advantages mean that they have great potential for various high-sensitivity sensing applications. Recent advances in optical microcavity technologies have important scientific significance for the development of sensors, such as temperature sensing, humidity sensing, gas sensing, liquid sensing, displacement sensing, electric/magnetic field sensing, ultrasound sensing, quantum sensing, accelerometers, optical gyroscopes, strain/pressure/force detection, biosensing, biochemical sensing, etc.

This Special Issue therefore aims to collate original research and review articles on recent advances, technologies, applications, and new challenges in the field of optical microcavities or optical systems based on optical microcavities. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Advanced sensing based on Fabry–Perot cavities;
  • Advanced sensing based on photonic crystal cavities;
  • Advanced sensing based on whispering-gallery-mode microcavities;
  • Optical microcavity fabrication and packaged technology;
  • Optical interactions and mode coupling;
  • Precision detection based on nonlinear scattering effects;
  • Precision detection based on optical microcavity systems;
  • Optical gyroscopes or accelerometers;
  • Advanced optical measurements based on microcombs;
  • Advanced sensing based on interference effects or resonance effects.

Dr. Mengyu Wang
Prof. Dr. Xingdao He
Dr. Chengfeng Xie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optical microcavity
  • optical fiber sensing
  • temperature sensing
  • quantum sensing
  • gas-/liquid sensing
  • optical gyroscopes
  • bio-/biochemical-/biomedical sensing
  • electric-/magnetic field sensing
  • strain-/pressure-/force sensing

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3108 KiB  
Article
Non-Invasive Wide-Field Imaging of Chip Surface Temperature Distribution Based on Ensemble Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
by Zhenrong Shi, Ziwen Pan, Qinghua Li and Wei Li
Sensors 2025, 25(6), 1947; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25061947 - 20 Mar 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
With the development of chip technology, the demand for device reliability in various electronic chip industries continues to grow. In recent years, with the advancement of quantum sensors, the solid-state spin (nitrogen-vacancy) NV center temperature measurement system has garnered attention due to its [...] Read more.
With the development of chip technology, the demand for device reliability in various electronic chip industries continues to grow. In recent years, with the advancement of quantum sensors, the solid-state spin (nitrogen-vacancy) NV center temperature measurement system has garnered attention due to its high sensitivity and spatial range. However, NV centers are not only affected by temperature but also by magnetic fields. This article analyzes the impact of magnetic fields on temperature detection. By combining the wide-field imaging platform of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) with a temperature-sensitive structure of thin ensemble diamond overlaid on a quartz substrate, high-sensitivity temperature detection has been achieved. And obtains a sensitivity of approximately 10 mK/Hz1/2. By combining a CCD camera imaging system, it realizes a wide field of view of 500 μm2, a high spatial resolution of 1.3 μm. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the two-dimensional actual temperature distribution on the chip surface under different currents, achieving wide-field, non-contact, high-speed temperature imaging of the chip surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Optical Microcavity-Based Sensing)
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19 pages, 5683 KiB  
Article
Impact Localization System of CFRP Structure Based on EFPI Sensors
by Junsong Yu, Zipeng Peng, Linghui Gan, Jun Liu, Yufang Bai and Shengpeng Wan
Sensors 2025, 25(4), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041091 - 12 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 507
Abstract
Carbon fiber composites (CFRPs) are prone to impact loads during their production, transportation, and service life. These impacts can induce microscopic damage that is always undetectable to the naked eye, thereby posing a significant safety risk to the structural integrity of CFRP structures. [...] Read more.
Carbon fiber composites (CFRPs) are prone to impact loads during their production, transportation, and service life. These impacts can induce microscopic damage that is always undetectable to the naked eye, thereby posing a significant safety risk to the structural integrity of CFRP structures. In this study, we developed an impact localization system for CFRP structures using extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric (EFPI) sensors. The impact signals detected by EFPI sensors are demodulated at high speeds using an intensity modulation method. An impact localization method for the CFRP structure based on the energy–entropy ratio endpoint detection and CNN-BIGRU-Attention is proposed. The time difference of arrival (TDOA) between signals from different EFPI sensors is collected to characterize the impact location. The attention mechanism is integrated into the CNN-BIGRU model to enhance the significance of the TDOA of impact signals detected by proximal EFPI sensors. The model is trained using the training set, with its parameters optimized using the sand cat swarm optimization algorithm and validation set. The localization performance of different models is then evaluated and compared using the test set. The impact localization system based on the CNN-BIGRU-Attention model using EFPI sensors was validated on a CFRP plate with an experimental area of 400 mm × 400 mm. The average error in impact localization is 8.14 mm, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and satisfactory performance of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Optical Microcavity-Based Sensing)
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10 pages, 3458 KiB  
Article
Vernier Effect-Enhanced Temperature Sensing Based on On-Chip Spiral Resonant Cavities
by Changhao Liu, Ziwen Pan, Yi Yang, Xi Yang and Jun Tang
Sensors 2025, 25(3), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030685 - 23 Jan 2025
Viewed by 629
Abstract
The optical Vernier effect has been widely studied due to its remarkable effect in improving the sensitivity and resolution of optical sensors. This effect relies on the overlapping envelope of two signals with slightly detuned frequencies. In the application of on-chip optical waveguide [...] Read more.
The optical Vernier effect has been widely studied due to its remarkable effect in improving the sensitivity and resolution of optical sensors. This effect relies on the overlapping envelope of two signals with slightly detuned frequencies. In the application of on-chip optical waveguide resonant cavities with whispering gallery modes, due to the on-chip space limitations, the length of the resonant cavity is restricted, resulting in an increased free spectral range. In the case of a small Vernier effect detuning, the required large Vernier envelope period often exceeds the available wavelength range of the detection system. To address this issue, we propose a novel on-chip waveguide structure to optimize the detection range of the cascaded Vernier effect. The proposed spiral resonant cavity extends the cavity length to 7.50 m within a limited area. The free spectral width (27.46 MHz) is comparable in size to the resonant linewidth (9.41 MHz), shrinking the envelope free spectral width to 371.29 MHz, which greatly facilitates the reading of the Vernier effect. Finally, by connecting two resonant cavities with similar cavity lengths in series and utilizing the Vernier effect, temperature sensing was verified. The results show that compared with a single resonant cavity, the sensitivity was improved by a factor of 14.19. This achievement provides a new direction for the development of wide-range and high-sensitivity Vernier sensing technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Optical Microcavity-Based Sensing)
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15 pages, 5530 KiB  
Article
Regulation and Liquid Sensing of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency-like Phenomena Implemented in a SNAP Microresonator
by Chenxiang Liu, Minggang Chai, Chenglong Zheng, Chengfeng Xie, Chuanming Sun, Jiulin Shi, Xingdao He and Mengyu Wang
Sensors 2024, 24(21), 7069; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24217069 - 2 Nov 2024
Viewed by 923
Abstract
Optical microresonators supporting whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) have become a versatile platform for achieving electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) phenomena. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated the tunable coupled-mode induced transparency based on the surface nanoscale axial photonics (SNAP) microresonator. Single-EIT-like and double-EIT-like (DEIT-like) effects with [...] Read more.
Optical microresonators supporting whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) have become a versatile platform for achieving electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) phenomena. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated the tunable coupled-mode induced transparency based on the surface nanoscale axial photonics (SNAP) microresonator. Single-EIT-like and double-EIT-like (DEIT-like) effects with one or more transparent windows are achieved due to dense mode families and tunable resonant frequencies. The experimental results can be well-fitted by the coupled mode theory. An automatically adjustable EIT-like effect is discovered by immersing the sensing region of the SNAP microresonator into an aqueous environment. The sharp lineshape and high slope of the transparent window allow us to achieve a liquid refractive index sensitivity of 2058.8 pm/RIU. Furthermore, we investigated a displacement sensing phenomenon by monitoring changes in the slope of the transparent window. We believe that the above results pave the way for multi-channel all-optical switching devices, multi-channel optical communications, and biochemical sensing processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Optical Microcavity-Based Sensing)
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12 pages, 9241 KiB  
Article
Measurements of Spatial Angles Using Diamond Nitrogen–Vacancy Center Optical Detection Magnetic Resonance
by Zhenrong Shi, Haodong Jin, Hao Zhang, Zhonghao Li, Huanfei Wen, Hao Guo, Zongmin Ma, Jun Tang and Jun Liu
Sensors 2024, 24(8), 2613; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082613 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1347
Abstract
This article introduces a spatial angle measuring device based on ensemble diamond nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR). This device realizes solid-state all-optical wide-field vector magnetic field measurements for solving the angles of magnetic components in space. The system uses diamond [...] Read more.
This article introduces a spatial angle measuring device based on ensemble diamond nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR). This device realizes solid-state all-optical wide-field vector magnetic field measurements for solving the angles of magnetic components in space. The system uses diamond NV center magnetic microscope imaging to obtain magnetic vector distribution and calculates the spatial angles of magnetic components based on the magnetic vector distribution. Utilizing magnetism for angle measuring enables non-contact measuring, reduces the impact on the object being measured, and ensures measurement precision and accuracy. Finally, the accuracy of the system is verified by comparing the measurement results with the set values of the angle displacement platform. The results show that the measurement error of the yaw angle of the system is 1°, and the pitch angle and roll angle are 1.5°. The experimental results are in good agreement with the expected results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Optical Microcavity-Based Sensing)
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