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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Structural Health Monitoring and Nondestructive Evaluation

A Special Issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220) belonging to the section "Fault Diagnosis & Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 1427

Editor

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
Interests: structural health monitoring; nondestructive evaluation; fault detection and diagnosis; damage identification; artificial intelligence; physics-informed machine learning; data-driven modeling; digital twins; structural vibration control; structural dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Structural systems are widely utilized across diverse engineering disciplines, including civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering. However, these systems may degrade over time due to repetitive loading, temperature fluctuations, environmental corrosion and natural hazards such as earthquakes and typhoons. Therefore, it is essential to monitor their health condition and make robust decisions regarding maintenance and retrofitting to ensure structural integrity, safety and reliability while enhancing resilience and sustainability and reducing lifecycle costs and economic losses. In this context, structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) play critical roles in enabling automated condition assessment and informed decision-making for structural systems.

Recently, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have enabled the extraction of complex patterns from data and have been successfully applied across a wide range of domains, including computer vision, natural language processing and speech recognition. Their applications in SHM and NDE have grown rapidly in recent years, demonstrating significant advantages such as the ability to handle large-scale and complex data, improved accuracy in fault detection and diagnosis, enhanced predictive maintenance, increased monitoring efficiency with reduced reliance on manual inspection, and the capability for continuous, real-time monitoring.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances in AI/ML-based SHM and NDE technologies. We invite both review articles and original research contributions addressing SHM and NDE tasks through physics-informed machine learning, data-driven modeling, hybrid digital twins, domain adaptation and transfer learning, data assimilation, advanced signal processing, information fusion and other emerging AI-driven approaches. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Structural damage detection, localization and quantification
  • System identification and model updating
  • Smart sensing and signal processing for SHM and NDE
  • Sensor fault detection, diagnosis and accommodation
  • Hybrid digital twins for SHM and NDE
  • Predictive maintenance and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction
  • Material characterization and corrosion assessment
  • Vibration-based and vision-based SHM
  • Information fusion and heterogeneous data fusion
  • Surrogate and reduced-order modeling
  • Probabilistic risk assessment and decision making

Dr. Zixin Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning
  • physics-informed learning
  • data-driven modeling
  • structural health monitoring
  • nondestructive evaluation
  • fault detection and diagnosis
  • digital twins
  • material characterization
  • system identification

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

31 pages, 22757 KB  
Article
Depth-Dependent Characterization of Vertical Cracks in Concrete Using Lamb Wave Active Sensing
by Nontawat Srisapan, Theophilus Asumah and Roohollah Askari
Sensors 2026, 26(14), 4563; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26144563 - 18 Jul 2026
Viewed by 468
Abstract
Vertical cracks in concrete present a major challenge for many conventional nondestructive testing methods (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) methods. Elastic wave-based approaches offer strong interaction with crack faces and depth sensitivity; however, their effectiveness is often limited by the lack of [...] Read more.
Vertical cracks in concrete present a major challenge for many conventional nondestructive testing methods (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) methods. Elastic wave-based approaches offer strong interaction with crack faces and depth sensitivity; however, their effectiveness is often limited by the lack of repeatable and tunable excitation sources. Repeatability is critical because scattered and attenuated signals require stacking to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratios, while tunability is essential because key crack attributes are frequency-dependent and must be probed at appropriate wavelengths. In this study, we develop an active sensing system utilizing a linear impact actuator as a repeatable and tunable mechanical source for elastic-based NDT and apply it to a 0.24 m thick concrete slab containing three surface-breaking vertical cracks with depths of 6, 12, and 18 cm, respectively. The actuator is tuned by adjusting impact conditions to generate A0-dominated Lamb wave responses. For each crack, two linear arrays are deployed, one parallel and one perpendicular to the crack trace, to investigate directional anisotropy. Phase-velocity anisotropy is quantified using the A0 Lamb wave dispersion curves, while the effective quality factor is used as a complementary indicator of direction-dependent attenuation. Our results show that phase velocities are consistently higher for crack-parallel propagation than for crack-perpendicular propagation, and that the degree of anisotropy increases with crack depth. The quality factor decreases with increasing crack depth and exhibits anisotropic behavior, with systematically lower values for crack-perpendicular measurements compared to crack-parallel measurements. Overall, the results demonstrate that controllable and repeatable impact excitation establishes a reliable framework for elastic-wave-based characterization of idealized vertical cracks in concrete. Full article
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24 pages, 9252 KB  
Article
A Human-in-the-Loop Assistive Navigation Platform for UAS-Based Infrastructure Visual Inspection: System Architecture and Proof-of-Concept Demonstration
by Martin Xu, Yuxiang Zhao, Zixin Wang and Mohamad Alipour
Sensors 2026, 26(11), 3615; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26113615 - 5 Jun 2026
Viewed by 522
Abstract
While Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are increasingly used for infrastructure inspection, a critical gap exists between optimized path planning and reliable real-world execution. Fully autonomous flights face regulatory constraints and environmental risks, whereas manual piloting introduces inconsistencies that compromise data quality. To address [...] Read more.
While Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are increasingly used for infrastructure inspection, a critical gap exists between optimized path planning and reliable real-world execution. Fully autonomous flights face regulatory constraints and environmental risks, whereas manual piloting introduces inconsistencies that compromise data quality. To address this gap, this study proposes a human-in-the-loop assistive navigation platform that enables pilots to follow preplanned inspection trajectories while maintaining manual control. The proposed system integrates an Augmented Reality (AR)-based guidance module that provides real-time viewpoint localization with a mesh-coupled quality monitoring module that continuously evaluates view redundancy and triangulation uncertainty. A proof-of-concept field demonstration through an on-site façade inspection example indicates that the proposed platform has the potential to improve the consistency of viewpoint distribution, achieving closer adherence to planned spacing and stand-off distance. This results in more uniform spatial sampling, enhanced view redundancy, and reduced variability in theoretical uncertainty, leading to improved geometric conditions for Structure-from-Motion (SfM) reconstruction. Overall, the field demonstration highlights the potential of combining computational guidance with human decision-making to support reliable and high-quality UAS-based infrastructure inspection. Full article
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