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Advanced Biophotonic Sensors
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Advanced Biophotonic Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 15730

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sungkyu Seo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
Interests: bio photonics; sensor system; bio sensor; bioelectronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Biophotonics is an interdisciplinary field exploring the interaction between light and biological materials, including tissues, cells, and molecules in living organisms. Recent progresses in biophotonics research have resolved numerous scientific issues which have not been addressed using conventional technologies in the fields of biomedical, environmental, pharmaceutical, and clinical studies, leading to innovative and state-of-the-art sensing technologies.

This Special Issue is dedicated to advanced biophotonic sensors in those fields and open to contributions ranging from spectroscopy, microscopy, nanoscopy, photonic point-of-care testing, photonic therapeutics and diagnostics, photonic lab-on-a-chip, cytometry, and neurophotonics, to novel imaging and sensing technologies. Machine- or deep-learning-based biophotonic sensing technologies are also encouraged.

Studies should rely on the integration between photonics technologies and biological applications. Both original research and review articles are welcome.

Prof. Sungkyu Seo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Spectroscopy
  • Microscopy
  • Nanoscopy
  • Photonic point-of-care testing
  • Photonic therapeutics and diagnostics
  • Photonic lab-on-a-chip
  • Cytometry
  • Neurophotonics
  • Novel imaging and sensing
  • Machine- or deep-learning-based biophotonic sensing

Published Papers (4 papers)

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9 pages, 1992 KiB  
Communication
Optimization of PTFE Coating on PDMS Surfaces for Inhibition of Hydrophobic Molecule Absorption for Increased Optical Detection Sensitivity
by Junyi Yao, Yiyang Guan, Yunhwan Park, Yoon E Choi, Hyun Soo Kim and Jaewon Park
Sensors 2021, 21(5), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051754 - 4 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4578
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer widely used for fabrication and prototyping of microfluidic chips. The porous matrix structure of PDMS allows small hydrophobic molecules including some fluorescent dyes to be readily absorbed to PDMS and results in high fluorescent background signals, thereby significantly [...] Read more.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer widely used for fabrication and prototyping of microfluidic chips. The porous matrix structure of PDMS allows small hydrophobic molecules including some fluorescent dyes to be readily absorbed to PDMS and results in high fluorescent background signals, thereby significantly decreasing the optical detection sensitivity. This makes it challenging to accurately detect the fluorescent signals from samples using PDMS devices. Here, we have utilized polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to inhibit absorption of hydrophobic small molecules on PDMS. Nile red was used to analyze the effectiveness of the inhibition and the absorbed fluorescence intensities for 3% and 6% PTFE coating (7.7 ± 1.0 and 6.6 ± 0.2) was twofold lower compared to 1% and 2% PTFE coating results (17.2 ± 0.5 and 15.4 ± 0.5). When compared to the control (55.3 ± 1.6), it was sevenfold lower in background fluorescent intensity. Furthermore, we validated the optimized PTFE coating condition using a PDMS bioreactor capable of locally stimulating cells during culture to quantitatively analyze the lipid production using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125. Three percent PTFE coating was selected as the optimal concentration as there was no significant difference between 3% and 6% PTFE coating. Intracellular lipid contents of the cells were successfully stained with Nile Red inside the bioreactor and 3% PTFE coating successfully minimized the background fluorescence noise, allowing strong optical lipid signal to be detected within the PDMS bioreactor comparable to that of off-chip, less than 1% difference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonic Sensors)
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9 pages, 19402 KiB  
Communication
Detection of Particulate Matters with a Field-Portable Microscope Using Side-Illuminated Total Internal Reflection
by Haechang Yang, Sanghoon Shin, Dongmin Seo, Jaewon Park and Sungkyu Seo
Sensors 2021, 21(8), 2745; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082745 - 13 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1958
Abstract
Field-portable observation and analysis of particulate matter (PM) is required to enhance healthy lives. Various types of the PM measurement methods are in use; however, each of these methods has significant limitations in that real time measurement is impossible, the detection system is [...] Read more.
Field-portable observation and analysis of particulate matter (PM) is required to enhance healthy lives. Various types of the PM measurement methods are in use; however, each of these methods has significant limitations in that real time measurement is impossible, the detection system is bulky, or the measurement accuracy is insufficient. In this work, we introduce an optical method to perform a fast and accurate PM analysis with a higher-contrast microscopic image enabled by a side-illuminated total internal reflection (TIR) technique to be implemented in a compact device. The superiority of the proposed method was quantitatively demonstrated by comparing the signal-to-noise ratio of the proposed side-illuminated TIR method with a traditional halogen lamp-based transmission microscope. With the proposed device, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for microbeads (5~20 µm) and ultrafine dust particles (>5 µm) increased 4.5~17 and 4~10 dB, respectively, compared to the conventional transmission microscope. As a proof of concept, the proposed method was also applied to a low-cost commercial smartphone toy microscope enabling field-portable detection of PMs. We believe that the proposed side-illuminated TIR PM detection device holds significant advantages over other commonly used systems due to its sufficient detection capability along with simple and compact configuration as well as low cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonic Sensors)
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31 pages, 5086 KiB  
Article
Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration
by Andreas Frutiger, Karl Gatterdam, Yves Blickenstorfer, Andreas Michael Reichmuth, Christof Fattinger and János Vörös
Sensors 2021, 21(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010009 - 22 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5141
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the de facto standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to environmental and experimental [...] Read more.
Label-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the de facto standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to environmental and experimental noise sources. In this paper, we demonstrate that sensors that apply the spatial affinity lock-in principle (part I) and perform readout by diffraction overcome the drawbacks of established refractometric biosensors. We show this with a direct comparison of the cover refractive index jump sensitivity as well as the surface mass resolution of an unstabilized diffractometric biosensor with a state-of-the-art Biacore 8k. A combined refractometric diffractometric biosensor demonstrates that a refractometric sensor requires a much higher measurement precision than the diffractometric to achieve the same resolution. In a conceptual and quantitative discussion, we elucidate the physical reasons behind and define the figure of merit of diffractometric biosensors. Because low-precision unstabilized diffractometric devices achieve the same resolution as bulky stabilized refractometric sensors, we believe that label-free optical sensors might soon move beyond the drug discovery lab as miniaturized, mass-produced environmental/medical sensors. In fact, combined with the right surface chemistry and recognition element, they might even bring the senses of smell/taste to our smart devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonic Sensors)
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20 pages, 2606 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Stable Molecular Sensors by Sub-Micron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part I. The Concept of a Spatial Affinity Lock-in Amplifier
by Andreas Frutiger, Christof Fattinger and János Vörös
Sensors 2021, 21(2), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21020469 - 11 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3132
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance, are sensitive and well-established for the characterization of molecular interactions. Yet, these sensors require stabilization and constant conditions even with the use of reference channels. In this paper, we use tools from signal processing to [...] Read more.
Label-free optical biosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance, are sensitive and well-established for the characterization of molecular interactions. Yet, these sensors require stabilization and constant conditions even with the use of reference channels. In this paper, we use tools from signal processing to show why these sensors are so cross-sensitive and how to overcome their drawbacks. In particular, we conceptualize the spatial affinity lock-in as a universal design principle for sensitive molecular sensors even in the complete absence of stabilization. The spatial affinity lock-in is analogous to the well-established time-domain lock-in. Instead of a time-domain signal, it modulates the binding signal at a high spatial frequency to separate it from the low spatial frequency environmental noise in Fourier space. In addition, direct sampling of the locked-in sensor’s response in Fourier space enabled by diffraction has advantages over sampling in real space as done by surface plasmon resonance sensors using the distributed reference principle. This paper and part II hint at the potential of spatially locked-in diffractometric biosensors to surpass state-of-the-art temperature-stabilized refractometric biosensors. Even simple, miniaturized and non-stabilized sensors might achieve the performance of bulky lab instruments. This may enable new applications in label-free analysis of molecular binding and point-of-care diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonic Sensors)
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