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Advanced Sensors and Measurement Methodologies Using Electromagnetic Phenomena

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2026) | Viewed by 1686

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: numerical modeling; coupled model; sensing;measurement method; low-level measurement; electromagnetic field; photonics; noise spectroscopy; IR measurement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: plasma science; measurement; laser ablation; electromagnetic detection signals; preservation of historical objects with plasma and corresponding measurement methods; cold and cryogenic plasma
Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: numerical modeling; fluid flow model; electron microscope technology; measurement method; mechanical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to explore the emerging interconnection of scientific disciplines in the fields of sensors, electronic measurements and metrology. Recently, interconnected physical–chemical–biological sensors with applications at the nanoscale have been innovated, and developing nanotechnologies requires new methods for sensing quantities. In this Special issue of Sensors, topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

- Detection methods for evaluating plasma discharge parameters; 

- The measurement of geomagnetic fields at low levels; 

- Electromagnetic measurements of low-velocity fluid flows;

- Detection methods and measurement systems of pulsed laser ablation systems;

- The detection and evaluation of signals of biological origin;

- Impedance detection and defectoscopic methods;

- System identification using spectral analyses of their power supply.

Prof. Dr. Pavel Fiala
Dr. Miloš Klíma
Dr. Jiri Maxa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • electromagnetic field
  • nanoparticles
  • impulse measurement
  • hybrid measurement
  • low-level measurement
  • biological parameters measurement
  • defectoscopy
  • impedance
  • spectral analysis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 7941 KB  
Article
Modelling Eddy Current Testing of Gaps in Carbon Fibre Structures Based on Spline Approximation
by Till Schulze, Maren Rake, Dirk Hofmann, Johannes Mersch, Martin Schulze, Chokri Cherif and Henning Heuer
Sensors 2026, 26(3), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26031032 - 5 Feb 2026
Viewed by 608
Abstract
Defects such as gaps, delamination, and the misalignment of fibres impair the performance of carbon fibre-reinforced composites and can lead to structural failure during operation. Eddy current testing has proven to be a suitable method for detecting these defects early in the manufacturing [...] Read more.
Defects such as gaps, delamination, and the misalignment of fibres impair the performance of carbon fibre-reinforced composites and can lead to structural failure during operation. Eddy current testing has proven to be a suitable method for detecting these defects early in the manufacturing process. However, validated electromagnetic modelling techniques are required to develop new eddy current sensors and gain a better understanding of the eddy current signals caused by different defect sizes. This paper proposes a novel finite element modelling approach to better account for fibre heterogeneity using spline approximation. Further, adaptive mesh refinement is used to reduce FEM solution errors. A defect in the form of a gap is modelled by adjusting the spline approximation accordingly. Finally, the model also accounts for inter-laminar current paths between carbon fibre layers, which are determined by four-terminal resistance measurement. The results show that the electromagnetic properties of the structure can be successfully modelled. The simulation is validated by comparing the virtual scans with eddy current scans of dry carbon fibre fabric with and without artificially manufactured gaps. Full article
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21 pages, 8848 KB  
Article
Investigating the Propagation Mechanisms and Visualization of Airwaves in Marine CSEM Using the Fictitious Wave Domain Method
by Jie Lu and Daicheng Peng
Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7140; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237140 - 22 Nov 2025
Viewed by 771
Abstract
The marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method serves as an effective tool for detecting hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, it faces a key challenge in shallow water: the airwave, an EM signal lacking subsurface information, often obscures reservoir responses. Conventional CSEM analysis, conducted in the diffusive [...] Read more.
The marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method serves as an effective tool for detecting hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, it faces a key challenge in shallow water: the airwave, an EM signal lacking subsurface information, often obscures reservoir responses. Conventional CSEM analysis, conducted in the diffusive frequency domain (DFD), only captures the steady-state behavior of the airwave, limiting physical insight into its propagation. In this study, we introduce the fictitious wave domain (FWD) method to reinterpret and visualize the airwaves’ trajectory and attenuation, individually. By transforming diffusive EM fields into fictitious lossless propagating waves, the FWD enables the use of kinematic wave concepts such as reflection, refraction, and travel time. The airwave is clearly identified as a refracted wave generated when a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode wave impinges perpendicularly on the air–seawater interface. Its path and arrival time become directly observable, allowing clear separation from other wave types. This approach visualizes and extracts the airwave even in complex inhomogeneous seawater, enabling its accurate transformation back to the DFD. The FWD thus provides a powerful tool for enhancing interpretation in marine EM exploration and offers a theoretical foundation for the development of tailored marine electromagnetic sensors. Full article
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