Recent Advances in Gravity Waves Seeded by Natural Hazards and Their Effects on the Lower and Upper Atmosphere: Observation and Simulation

Dear Colleagues,

Natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions are disruptive forces that can endanger human life and properties. These types of solid-earth processes may generate seismic waves that can excite the atmosphere’s Rayleigh, acoustic, and gravity waves. The generated waves can travel vertically upward and dissipate their energy in the earth's upper atmosphere, causing significant plasma density perturbation at ionospheric altitudes. Ocean–atmosphere interactions, e.g., convective activities, tropical depressions, and hurricanes can also produce different classes of wave, such as primary and secondary gravity waves, that can travel to the lower thermosphere. Other events such as anthropogenic explosions have also been reported to excite acoustic and internal gravity waves. A comprehensive understanding of the consequences of natural hazard events on the natural atmosphere and the ability to detect, distinguish, and characterize their impact on our upper atmosphere is vital in understanding wave interactions between the lower and upper atmosphere and, ultimately, important for the development of space-based early warning systems for real-time scenarios.

This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in detecting and characterizing different waves generated from natural hazards and their effects on the ionosphere. It also seeks to provide state-of-the-art perspectives on strategies to develop earthquake/tsunami early warning systems through the use of modern technological tools such as the deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis system (DART), tide gauge sensors, satellites systems, low-frequency array (LOFAR) and GNSS receivers, incoherent scatter radar (ISR) systems, and magnetometers, as well as develop comprehensive new modeling tools.

Dr. Olusegun F. Jonah
Dr. Esfhan Alam Kherani
Dr. Yuichi Otsuka
Dr. Cesar E. Valladares
Guest Editors

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