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Crop Yield Prediction Using Remote Sensing Techniques

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensing in Agriculture and Vegetation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 February 2026) | Viewed by 4027

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Remote Sensing, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
Interests: agricultural remote sensing; monitoring the harvest yield; sustainable agriculture; precision agriculture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global agricultural systems are increasingly being challenged by climate variability, land-use change, and the growing demand for food security. Accurate, timely, and scalable methods for crop yield prediction are essential to support precision agriculture, optimize resource use, and guide policy decisions. In this context, remote sensing has emerged as a powerful tool for monitoring crop dynamics and estimating yield across spatial and temporal scales. With advances in satellite, UAV, and sensor technologies—as well as machine learning and data fusion approaches—yield modeling has entered a new era of precision and operational feasibility.

This Special Issue aims to explore cutting-edge research and innovative applications of remote sensing techniques for crop yield prediction. It aligns with the journal’s scope by promoting interdisciplinary studies that integrate Earth observation, agronomy, environmental science, and computational methods to address agricultural challenges. Contributions are encouraged from both methodological and applied perspectives, covering a wide range of crops and agroecological regions.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Yield estimation using multispectral, hyperspectral, radar, or thermal imagery;
  • Machine learning and hybrid modeling approaches (e.g., LUE, RF, CNNs);
  • Data fusion (e.g., MODIS–Landsat, Sentinel–UAV);
  • Phenological monitoring and crop growth modeling;
  • In-season yield forecasting and stress detection;
  • Integration of environmental, soil, and climate data;
  • Operational systems and platforms for yield prediction;
  • Ground truthing, uncertainty, and model validation.

Original research articles, reviews, and case studies are welcome.

Dr. Maninder Singh Dhillon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • crop yield prediction
  • remote sensing
  • NDVI and vegetation indices
  • machine learning
  • light use efficiency (LUE)
  • data fusion (e.g., MODIS–Landsat)
  • phenology and crop growth models
  • climate and environmental drivers
  • UAV and satellite imagery
  • precision agriculture

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 6145 KB  
Article
Using Multispectral UAV Imagery for Rye Biomass Estimation and SEM-Based Attribution Analysis
by Wenyi Lu, Xiang Zhang, Masakazu Komatsuzaki, Tsuyoshi Okayama, Shuang Yang and Nengcheng Chen
Remote Sens. 2026, 18(4), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18040665 - 22 Feb 2026
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Effective management of rye cover crops in cash-crop systems relies heavily on accurate biomass estimation. Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery offers a promising high-resolution alternative, yet unlocking its full potential requires moving beyond basic estimation models to more integrative and explanatory models. [...] Read more.
Effective management of rye cover crops in cash-crop systems relies heavily on accurate biomass estimation. Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery offers a promising high-resolution alternative, yet unlocking its full potential requires moving beyond basic estimation models to more integrative and explanatory models. This study obtains the measured height (MH), SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) values, and measured dry biomass (MDB) and applies UAV remote sensing and machine learning to acquire the crop canopy height, vegetation indices (VIs), and vegetation fraction (VF) across growth stages. Among single-parameter biomass estimation models, the estimated height yields the best at the overall growth stage (R2 = 0.935), whereas selected VIs perform the best at the non-seedling stage (R2 = 0.851). For multi-parameters modeling, models combining height, VF, and VIs significantly outperform the single-parameter models, achieving better estimation results throughout each growth stage (Best R2 = 0.951). Structural equation modeling clarifies the direct and indirect contributions of these parameters to biomass accumulation, revealing their synergistic effects. This study demonstrates the potential of UAV-based multi-parameter biomass estimation model to support more informed decisions in cover crop management and to advance broader precise agriculture practices. Additionally, the analytical framework developed here offers a transferable approach for high-resolution biomass monitoring in other crop systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Yield Prediction Using Remote Sensing Techniques)
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23 pages, 3843 KB  
Article
Monitoring Maize Yield Variability over Space and Time with Unsupervised Satellite Imagery Features
by Cullen Molitor, Juliet Cohen, Grace Lewin, Steven Cognac, Protensia Hadunka, Jonathan Proctor and Tamma Carleton
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(21), 3641; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17213641 - 4 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1701
Abstract
Recent innovations in task-agnostic imagery featurization have lowered the computational costs of using machine learning to predict ground conditions from satellite imagery. These methods hold particular promise for the development of imagery-based monitoring systems in low-income regions, where data and computational resources can [...] Read more.
Recent innovations in task-agnostic imagery featurization have lowered the computational costs of using machine learning to predict ground conditions from satellite imagery. These methods hold particular promise for the development of imagery-based monitoring systems in low-income regions, where data and computational resources can be limited. However, these relatively simple prediction pipelines have not been evaluated in developing-country contexts over time, limiting our understanding of their performance in practice. Here, we compute task-agnostic random convolutional features from satellite imagery and use linear ridge regression models to predict maize yields over space and time in Zambia, a country prone to severe droughts and crop failure. Leveraging Landsat and Sentinel 2 satellite constellations, in combination with district-level yield data, our model explains 83% of the out-of-sample maize yield variation from 2016 to 2021, slightly outperforming a model trained on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) features, a common remote sensing approach used by practitioners to monitor crop health. Our approach maintains an R2 score of 0.74 when predicting temporal variation alone, while the performance of the NDVI-based approach drops to an R2 of 0.39. Our findings imply that this task-agnostic featurization can be used to predict spatial and temporal variation in agricultural outcomes, even in contexts with limited ground truth data. More broadly, these results point to imagery-based monitoring as a promising tool for assisting agricultural planning and food security, even in contexts where computationally expensive methodologies remain out of reach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Yield Prediction Using Remote Sensing Techniques)
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Review

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38 pages, 1589 KB  
Review
Monitoring of Agricultural Crops by Remote Sensing in Central Europe: A Comprehensive Review
by Jitka Kumhálová, Jiří Sedlák, Jiří Marčan, Věra Vandírková, Petr Novotný, Matěj Kohútek and František Kumhála
Remote Sens. 2026, 18(7), 1075; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18071075 - 3 Apr 2026
Viewed by 665
Abstract
Remote sensing has become a cornerstone of modern agricultural monitoring, addressing the dual challenges of increasing production while ensuring environmental sustainability. Based on a conceptual framework developed over the past decade, key application areas include yield estimation, phenology, stress assessment (e.g., drought), crop [...] Read more.
Remote sensing has become a cornerstone of modern agricultural monitoring, addressing the dual challenges of increasing production while ensuring environmental sustainability. Based on a conceptual framework developed over the past decade, key application areas include yield estimation, phenology, stress assessment (e.g., drought), crop mapping, and land-use change detection. In Central Europe, regionally specific conditions such as fragmented land ownership, small and irregular plots, and high climate variability shape these applications. Annual field crops, such as cereals, oilseeds, maize, and forage crops dominate production and represent the primary focus of monitoring efforts. Optical data from Sentinel-2 are effective for mapping crop types and analyzing phenology, especially when dense time series are available. However, persistent cloud cover during critical growth phases limits the effectiveness of optical approaches, prompting the integration of radar data from Sentinel-1. Multi-sensor strategies increase the robustness of classification and temporal continuity, supporting monitoring under adverse conditions. Reliable reference data from systems such as the Land Parcel Identification System enables parcel-level validation and facilitates object-oriented analyses in line with management needs. Future developments will increasingly rely on advanced time-series analysis, machine learning, and the integration of agrometeorological and crop model data. As climate change intensifies drought frequency and yield variability, remote sensing will play a pivotal role in enabling near-real-time monitoring and decision support within the evolving landscape of digital agriculture ecosystems. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of crop monitoring in the Central European region over approximately the past fifteen years, emphasizing trends in subsequent technological and procedural developments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Yield Prediction Using Remote Sensing Techniques)
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