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Satellite and Ground Monitoring and Measurements of Ionospheric and Geo Magnetic Disturbances and Space Weather Events

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 909

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing), Beijing 100094, China
Interests: solar activity; geomagnetic storms; GNSS; aurora; extreme value theory; and space weather

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Studentska 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: electronic navigation; satellite navigation; satellite and inertial navigation systems; space weather; ionospheric/tropospheric delay errors in GNSS systems; general positional scattering errors due to extreme ionospheric and geomagnetic disturbances; influence of volcanic activity on the dispersion of user position determined by satellite navigation systems; GeoRSS systems and technologies; errors of inertial navigation systems; navigation information systems; GNSS-based remote sensing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The monitoring of the ionosphere and near-Earth environment through satellite measurements is of great importance in space weather, especially with the recent high solar activity and frequent space weather events. The technologies that our society relies on are largely dependent on the properties of the plasma surrounding the Earth. Failures of navigation systems based on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), radars, power distribution networks, and interruptions in radio communications are all related to space weather events triggered by complex phenomena occurring in the ionosphere–magnetosphere–solar wind physical system.

The increasing number of satellite missions to detect the space environment provides very valuable observations to deepen our understanding of the near-Earth environment and to develop and improve models to mitigate the effects of space weather.

This Special Issue aims to investigate the use of satellite and ground-based measurements to characterise the plasma conditions in the ionosphere and near-Earth environment with implications for extreme space weather applications. Contributions are welcome, and topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Investigation and modelling of ionospheric magnetospheric plasmas through in situ measurements on low earth orbit (LEO) satellite missions;
  2. Study of multiscale properties of the ionosphere through ionospheric indices;
  3. Study of in situ satellite measurements of plasmas based on remote sensing observations and empirical models from ground-based and space-based instruments;
  4. Characteristics of ionospheric plasmas under severe space weather events;
  5. Relationship with external source mechanisms of magnetosphere and solar wind origin under severe space weather events and impact on technological systems;
  6. Theoretical studies and modelling of the ionosphere.

In this Special Issue, we aim to improve our understanding of extreme space weather events in the space environment using satellite and ground-based measurements in order to mitigate their effects on the application of remote sensing to the ionosphere and atmosphere. Both original research and review papers are welcome.

Dr. Si Chen
Prof. Dr. Serdjo Kos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extreme space weather
  • ionosphere (observation and modelling)
  • GNSS radio occultation
  • LEO satellite measurements
  • ionospheric irregularities
  • geomagnetic storms

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 6704 KB  
Article
Strong Longitudinal and Latitudinal Differences of Ionospheric Responses in North American and European Sectors During the 10–11 October 2024 Geomagnetic Storm
by Xinyue Luo, Ercha Aa, Xin Wang and Bingxian Luo
Remote Sens. 2026, 18(2), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18020256 - 13 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 539
Abstract
This study examines the spatiotemporal evolution of midlatitude ionospheric disturbances during the intense geomagnetic storm on 10–11 October 2024, focusing on the North American and European sectors. It utilizes multi-instrument datasets from ground-based observations, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and ionosondes, [...] Read more.
This study examines the spatiotemporal evolution of midlatitude ionospheric disturbances during the intense geomagnetic storm on 10–11 October 2024, focusing on the North American and European sectors. It utilizes multi-instrument datasets from ground-based observations, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and ionosondes, supplemented by the measurements from the Swarm, DMSP and GUVI/TIMED satellites. The results reveal significant longitudinal and latitudinal variations in regional ionospheric responses, specifically related to Storm Enhanced Density (SED) and the midlatitude trough. Key findings include: (a) During the main phase of the storm, the North American midlatitude ionosphere exhibited a pronounced longitudinal contrast: a positive SED-driven phase in the west versus a negative trough-dominated phase in the east. In the early recovery phase, the western sector transitioned to a trough-induced negative phase, while the eastern sector showed a positive phase related to auroral particle precipitation during substorms. (b) The North American SED featured a strong northwest-extending plume with a westward shift velocity of 200–300 m/s at 45°N, and a sharp density gradient of 60–65 TECU on its northeastern side, in contrast to the trough. (c) The European sector displayed a “sandwich-like” latitudinal pattern, with “positive–negative–positive” variations during the storm. (d) The European sector’s storm-time trough expanded rapidly equatorward, reaching a minimum of ~35° magnetic latitude (MLAT), while broadening latitudinally to a width of 18–20°. These density gradient structures, along with the longitudinal/latitudinal differences, highlight the dynamic processes occurring in the magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere system during intense storms and contribute to the understanding of storm-response mechanisms across different sectors. Full article
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