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Processes
Special Issues
Advances in Electromagnetic Energy Applications for Sustainable Processes
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Advances in Electromagnetic Energy Applications for Sustainable Processes

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2025 | Viewed by 2285

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Beatriz García-Baños

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, 46022 València, Spain
Interests: microwave technology; electromagnetic characterization; microwave sensors; microwave processing of materials; process monitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While electromagnetic fields in the microwave frequency range have long been recognized for their utility in materials processing, the capabilities of recently developed advanced equipment have significantly deepened our understanding of the interaction between these fields and matter. This has led to the discovery of new applications across multiple domains, including the intensification of chemical reactions, biomass treatment, energy storage, catalysis, extraction and purification processes, food processing, nanomaterials synthesis and many others. The current demand for sustainable processes has driven research and advancements in this field, emphasizing the goal of enhancing resource efficiency and promoting recycling and circularity. Additionally, research in these areas has required the development of sophisticated control and monitoring devices and systems, which also leverage electromagnetic energy. This Special Issue will present the latest findings in the application of electromagnetic energy (in the range from 100MHz to 100GHz) to a wide array of processes. It will encompass technological advancements in reactor design and process optimization, as well as innovative methods for monitoring and control. The topics covered will include the following: 1. The latest insights into the basis of the different processes: fundamental knowledge about the interaction of electromagnetic energy with matter. 2. The development of cutting-edge microwave technology for processes, with a special focus on new pathways, intensified routes, reduced CO2 footprints, increased circularity, wastes recycling, processes electrification and a transition towards the use of renewable energy sources, aimed at achieving a more sustainable industry. 3. New equipment and strategies for microwave-driven processes control and monitoring, including artificial intelligence schemes, aligning with the goals of Industry 4.0.

Dr. Beatriz García-Baños
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electromagnetic field and matter interaction and modelling
  • new chemical routes or intensified processes
  • electromagnetic field technologies aimed at sustainability
  • processes electrification
  • electromagnetic-driven processes for CO2 footprint reduction
  • electromagnetic processes with circularity, recycling, and wastes as a source
  • microwave-driven processes monitoring and control

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 10123 KiB  
Article
Development of an FEM for the Combined Electromagnetic and Hydraulic Forming Process Based on Experimental Data
by Yoonho Jang and Jeong Kim
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2520; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112520 - 12 Nov 2024
Viewed by 782
Abstract
Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) which demonstrates reduced bouncing effect, formation in narrow areas, and no effect on the electrical conductivity of the blank can overcome the shortcomings of deep drawing and electromagnetic forming. However, considerable time is involved in evaluating the possibility of forming [...] Read more.
Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) which demonstrates reduced bouncing effect, formation in narrow areas, and no effect on the electrical conductivity of the blank can overcome the shortcomings of deep drawing and electromagnetic forming. However, considerable time is involved in evaluating the possibility of forming a specific part through experiments. Developing an accurate finite element model can reduce the opportunity costs of an experiment by reducing unnecessary trial and error in forming a specific part. In this study, the chamber, die, and blank components of the EHF experimental equipment in our laboratory were reverse-modeled using CATIA V5R18. Subsequently, the IGES format of the components was imported into LS-DYNA R12, and an FEM model to simulate the EHF experiment was constructed. The experimental and simulation results of nine cases, based on the SUS430 material, input voltage, and blank thickness, were compared for model verification. The forming results for all cases in the constructed finite element analysis model nearly matched the experimental results. Moreover, the linear increase in the blank thickness with input voltage and thickness was simultaneously confirmed. In a computing environment using a 4.3 GHz, 24-Core CPU and 64 GB memory, the time required for one finite element analysis was approximately 1 h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electromagnetic Energy Applications for Sustainable Processes)
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24 pages, 17715 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Bastnasite Grinding for Comminution Energy Reduction and Rare Earth Recovery
by Kaveh Asgari, Qingqing Huang, Rick Honaker and Edward Sabolsky
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2468; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112468 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1166
Abstract
This study explored the impact of microwave pretreatment on the grinding efficiency of bastnaesite ore using a stirred mill. Bastnaesite ore was prepared using a staged crushing and sieving process, followed by microwave pretreatment in a specially designed microwave furnace system. Representative samples [...] Read more.
This study explored the impact of microwave pretreatment on the grinding efficiency of bastnaesite ore using a stirred mill. Bastnaesite ore was prepared using a staged crushing and sieving process, followed by microwave pretreatment in a specially designed microwave furnace system. Representative samples of the crushed ore underwent stirred mill grinding, with power draw measurements recorded and adjusted to reflect only the specific energy input required for grinding. Particle size distribution was analyzed periodically using laser particle size analysis. In addition, a Box–Behnken design was used to statistically assess the effects of various parameters on the results, ensuring a robust analysis of the factors influencing energy consumption and particle size reduction. The findings reveal that microwave pretreatment significantly influenced specific energy and product P80, with SEM analyses showing increased microcracking and porosity and XRD analyses suggesting possible mineralogical alterations. This enhancement was also proved via statistical tools and analyses such as Design Expert software Ver. 13 and ANOVA. In summary, the research concludes with the following critical points: (1) Microwave pretreatment was found to reduce the energy consumption required for bastnaesite grinding by 27%. (2) Following pretreatment, bastnaesite achieved a 25% finer product size under identical grinding conditions. (3) Structural and compositional changes in bastnaesite after grinding were confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. (4) Based on these analyses, potential mechanisms for the observed energy savings and product size reductions have been suggested. Additionally, we have enhanced the Abstract to better highlight the methods used in the study. This investigation not only advances our understanding of microwave-assisted comminution but also opens avenues for future research on optimizing and implementing this technique in large-scale mining operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electromagnetic Energy Applications for Sustainable Processes)
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