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Processes
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Heat Processing, Surface and Coatings Technology of Metal Materials
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Heat Processing, Surface and Coatings Technology of Metal Materials

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2025) | Viewed by 2404

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guoliang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: functional coating; thermal management; radiation thermal protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Haoyang Fu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: functional coating; metal oxides; machine learning; pollution control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yongchun Zou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Analytical Testing and Computing Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: metal surface polishing; functional coating; material characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to our forthcoming Special Issue, which is dedicated to advancing the field of functional coatings for metal materials. Metal materials are indispensable in various industries, and enhancing their performance through functional coatings is paramount. These coatings play a vital role in improving properties such as corrosion resistance, wear protection, thermal management, and biocompatibility, thus expanding the applicability and longevity of metal-based technologies.

This Special Issue aims to compile original research articles and reviews that explore the latest advancements in functional coatings for metal materials. By shedding light on novel coating formulations, innovative deposition techniques, and advanced characterization methods, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in this field. The subject matter of this Special Issue aligns closely with the scope of Heat Processing, Surface and Coatings Technology of Metal Materials, as it delves into the intricacies of surface engineering and coatings technology, particularly in the context of metal materials.

We welcome contributions encompassing a wide range of research areas, including but not limited to:

  • Novel coating formulations and compositions;
  • Advanced deposition techniques for functional coatings;
  • Characterization methods for assessing coating properties and performance;
  • Applications of functional coatings in corrosion protection, wear resistance, thermal management, and biocompatibility;
  • Mechanistic studies elucidating the behavior and performance of functional coatings.

We eagerly anticipate receiving your contributions to this Special Issue, as they will enrich our understanding of functional coatings for metal materials and contribute to advancing this critical field.

Sincerely,

Dr. Guoliang Chen
Dr. Haoyang Fu
Dr. Yongchun Zou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal materials
  • surface engineering
  • functional coatings
  • thermal management
  • corrosion protection
  • mechanical properties
  • thermal treatments

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 3351 KiB  
Article
Explainable AI and Feature Engineering for Machine-Learning-Driven Predictions of the Properties of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloys: A Hyperparameter Tuning and Model Stacking Approach
by Mohammed A. Atiea, Reham Reda, Sabbah Ataya and Mervat Ibrahim
Processes 2025, 13(5), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051451 - 9 May 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
High-performance copper alloys are crucial for integrated circuit lead frames due to their high density, multifunctionality, and low cost. High-performance copper alloys typically address the competing issues of high strength and high electrical conductivity through alloying and processing control methods. However, the traditional [...] Read more.
High-performance copper alloys are crucial for integrated circuit lead frames due to their high density, multifunctionality, and low cost. High-performance copper alloys typically address the competing issues of high strength and high electrical conductivity through alloying and processing control methods. However, the traditional methods for developing these alloys are time-consuming, expensive, and complex processes. This study utilizes Explainable AI by employing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to predict the hardness (HRC) and electrical conductivity (mS/m) based on the alloy composition, including Cr, Zr, Ce, and La, and the processing parameters, namely the aging time, of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys. A comprehensive dataset of 47 experimental Cu-Cr-Zr alloy samples, derived from prior experimental studies, was analyzed using feature engineering, correlation analysis, and explainability methods such as SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Various ML models, including ensemble methods like XGBoost, CatBoost, and AdaBoost, were evaluated for their predictive performance. The feature importance analysis revealed that the aging time and Zr content significantly influence the hardness, followed by Ce content, while Cr and La contents reveal a weak contribution to hardness values. Electrical conductivity is predominantly controlled by aging time, with a weak negative influence of the alloying elements. These findings align well with metallurgical principles, where microstructural refinement and precipitation behavior dictate the hardness and conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys. Hyperparameter tuning and model stacking further enhanced the predictive accuracy, with the final stacked models achieving R2 scores of 0.8762 for hardness within a training time of 1.739 s and 0.8132 for electrical conductivity within a training time of 1.091 s. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ML-driven approaches in material property predictions, providing valuable insights for material design and property processing parameter optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Processing, Surface and Coatings Technology of Metal Materials)
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14 pages, 12483 KiB  
Article
Effect of Y2O3 Content on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding Layer of Stellite-6 Alloy
by Kun Xia, Aixin Feng and Zhuolun Ye
Processes 2024, 12(6), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12061119 - 29 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1441
Abstract
Laser cladding technology is an effective surface modification technique. In order to prepare coating with excellent properties on the surface of the cold heading die punch, stellite-6 cladding coating with different proportions of Y2O3 was prepared on the surface of [...] Read more.
Laser cladding technology is an effective surface modification technique. In order to prepare coating with excellent properties on the surface of the cold heading die punch, stellite-6 cladding coating with different proportions of Y2O3 was prepared on the surface of W6Mo5Cr4V2 high-speed steel using laser cladding technology in this paper. The effects of different Y2O3 contents on the macroscopic morphology, microstructure, phase analysis, microhardness, and tribological properties of the stellite-6 coatings were investigated. It was determined that the optimal Y2O3 content for the stellite-6 powder was 2%. The results showed that the coating with 2%Y2O3 had the least number of pores and cracks and exhibited good surface flatness when joined. The microstructure became finer and denser, composed mainly of branch, cellular, equiaxed, and columnar grains. The coating consisted mainly of γ-Co, Fe-Cr, and Co3Fe7 strengthening phases, indicating good metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate. The average microhardness reached 539 HV when 2%Y2O3 was added, a 15.2% increase compared with the unmodified multilayer coating. The friction coefficient of the clad layer was 0.356, a 21.8% improvement over the unmodified stellite-6 coating. The average worn area of the cross-section was 3398.35 μm2, a reduction of approximately 27.8% compared with the unmodified stellite-6 clad layer. The wear surface primarily exhibited abrasive wear, with fewer cavities and a smoother surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Processing, Surface and Coatings Technology of Metal Materials)
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