Advances in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Applications

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 June 2026 | Viewed by 2241

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lomas del Bosque 103, Col. Lomas del Campestre, Guanajuato, León 37150, Mexico
Interests: biomass pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis; biofuels

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota Mines, 501 E. Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
Interests: biomass pretreatment; fermentation; biofuels

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The conversion of biomass into valuable bio-based products has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential to address global challenges such as energy sustainability, waste management, and environmental pollution. The development of new techniques for biomass transformation, including pretreatment processes, enzymatic hydrolysis, and reactor design, plays a pivotal role in unlocking the full potential of renewable resources. This Special Issue highlights the latest advancements in these areas and explores the generation of high-value biofuels and bioproducts from plant biomass and municipal waste.

Biomass, which is mainly derived from agricultural residues, forestry, and municipal solid waste, represents a promising feedstock for biofuels such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biogas. Additionally, converting biomass into other valuable products such as bacterial cellulose and organic acids offers opportunities for the sustainable production of materials and chemicals, thus reducing reliance on fossil resources. These advancements are central to pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, and are crucial for breaking down complex biomass structures and enhancing the release of fermentable sugars for microbial fermentation.

The design and optimization of reactors for efficient biomass conversion processes are equally essential for scaling up these technologies. Innovative approaches to reactor design can enhance the efficiency of fermentation processes, ensuring the production of biofuels and other bioproducts under optimal conditions. Furthermore, integrating novel methods, such as advanced fermentation technologies and engineered microorganisms, can significantly enhance the yield, reduce costs, and make these processes more environmentally sustainable.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions that explore the latest research and breakthroughs regarding the development of efficient pretreatment methods, enzymatic hydrolysis techniques, reactor designs, and the generation of biofuels and other value-added products from biomass. The research presented here emphasizes the potential of these technologies to contribute to a more sustainable future by enabling the use of renewable biomass resources for energy and the production of high-value bioproducts, while also addressing the growing need for waste valorization.

The articles featured in this Special Issue reflect the field's multidisciplinary nature, drawing on expertise in chemical engineering, biotechnology, environmental science, and industrial process optimization. Together, these contributions highlight the growing importance of biomass conversion technologies and their role in creating a circular economy, where waste is minimized, resources are utilized efficiently, and sustainable energy and materials are produced.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  1. Pretreatment process
  2. Reactor/bioreactor design
  3. Biorefinery: Conceptual design
  4. Biofuels: hydrogen, ethanol, butanol, etc.
  5. Bioproducts: bacterial cellulose, organic acid, among others.
  6. Circular bioeconomy
  7. Life cycle analysis
  8. Sustainability analysis 

Prof. Dr. Carlos Eduardo Molina-Guerrero
Dr. Ivan Salmerón Ochoa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomass residues
  • circular economy
  • green chemistry
  • reactor design
  • sustainable energy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1576 KB  
Article
Techno-Economic Assessment of Hydrogen and CO2 Recovery from Broccoli Waste via Dark Fermentation and Biorefinery Modeling
by Carlos Eduardo Molina-Guerrero, Idania Valdez-Vazquez, Arquímedes Cruz López, José de Jesús Ibarra-Sánchez and Luis Carlos Barrientos Álvarez
Processes 2025, 13(12), 4083; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13124083 - 18 Dec 2025
Abstract
Broccoli waste (Brassica oleracea), comprising non-commercialized stems and leaves, represents a valuable substrate for bioenergy and commodity recovery within agro-industrial systems. This study evaluates the potential of dark fermentation (DF) to produce hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2 [...] Read more.
Broccoli waste (Brassica oleracea), comprising non-commercialized stems and leaves, represents a valuable substrate for bioenergy and commodity recovery within agro-industrial systems. This study evaluates the potential of dark fermentation (DF) to produce hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from unpretreated broccoli residues. Batch experiments (120 mL) yielded maximum gas production rates of up to 166 mL/L·d, with final compositions of 41.43 mol% and 58.56 mol% of H2 and CO2, respectively. Based on these results, two biorefinery models were simulated using COCO v3.10 and SuperPro Designer® v12.0, incorporating absorption and cryogenic separation technologies in the purification stage. Two scenarios were considered: Option A (169.82 kmol/day; H2: 0.5856 mol fraction, CO2: 0.4143 mol fraction) and Option B (72.84 kmol/day; H2: 0.6808 mol fraction, CO2: 0.3092 mol fraction). In both configurations, the purities of the final streams were the same, being 99.8% and 99.8% for both H2 and CO2, respectively. However, energy consumption was 43.76% higher in the cryogenic H2/CO2 separation system than in the absorption system. Noteworthily, this difference does not depend on the stream’s composition. Furthermore, from a financial standpoint, the cryogenic system is more expensive than the absorption system. These findings confirm the feasibility of designing biorefineries for H2 production with high CO2 recovery from broccoli waste. However, the economic viability of the process depends on the valorization of the secondary effluent from the fermentation reactor, which may require subsequent anaerobic digestion stages to complete the degradation of residual organic matter and enhance overall resource recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Applications)
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17 pages, 2975 KB  
Article
Investigating the Impact of Organic Loading Rates and Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Performance and Stability of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors
by Asim Ali, Adham Mohammed Alnadish, Sallahuddin Panhwar, Hareef Ahmed Keerio, Abdul Waheed and Rasool Bux Mahar
Processes 2025, 13(7), 2126; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072126 - 4 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Research on energy demand is advancing, with the addition of nanomaterials in anaerobic digestion increasing stability, accelerating hydrolysis, and reducing microbial inhibition. However, further research is needed to determine the mechanisms, ideal dosages, and long-term impacts. This work used continuous stir tank reactors [...] Read more.
Research on energy demand is advancing, with the addition of nanomaterials in anaerobic digestion increasing stability, accelerating hydrolysis, and reducing microbial inhibition. However, further research is needed to determine the mechanisms, ideal dosages, and long-term impacts. This work used continuous stir tank reactors (CSTRs) to experimentally examine the biocompatibility of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) at a concentration of 75 mg/L at various organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.3, 0.8, and 1.3 gVS/L.d (CSTRs). The efficiency of the reactors was observed by considering various parameters, such as pH, soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), TVFA formation and degradation, total solids (TS), and volatile solids (VS) removal, as well as methane (CH4) generation. Hence, it was found that the reactor with added NPs (R1) yielded an optimum 725.9 mL/gVS of CH4 and this was achieved at the lowest OLR of 0.3 gVS/Ld. However, another reactor (R2, without NPs), exhibited more stabilized results, ranging from 372.8 to 424.4 mL/gVS at 0.3 to 1.3 gVS/Ld of OLR, respectively. Therefore, in R1, the maximum removal of sCOD, TVFAs, and VS was achieved at 90%, 74%, and 93%, respectively, as compared to R2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Applications)
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