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Polymers
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Characterization of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
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Characterization of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Fibers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 10513

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Juan C. Suárez-Bermejo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
2. Structural Materials Research Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Interests: hybrid materials; bioinspired materials; mechanical metamaterials; fracture mechanics; fatigue
Prof. Dr. Lopresto Valentina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
Interests: composites; damage; delamination; NDE; impact load; innovative natural composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymer composites have experienced continuous growth during the last several decades in different fields, mainly related to structural applications: aerospace, marine, automotive, building and civil engineering, leisure and sports, energy, medical devices, etc. For most of these applications, mechanical properties are essential for the efficient design of new products, where performance, safety, and economics blend to succeed in all sorts of technological challenges. Unique properties are present in polymer composite materials, which wisely combine low weight, high specific strength, and high stiffness compared to other engineering materials. However, the appropriate characterization of mechanical properties is not a straightforward task because we are usually dealing with nonisotropic materials composed of different types of basic elements (organic and inorganic materials), with different levels of organization at several scales. Special difficulties are found in measuring with confidence the properties that are the response of these materials to dynamic stimuli.

Recognizing the importance of theory and simulations in understanding the dynamic properties of polymer composites across scales and under a variety of conditions, this Special Issue of Polymers invites contributions addressing several aspects of the characterization of the dynamic properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This includes topics such as the behavior at low- or high-velocity impacts; fatigue in different environments; determining the structural integrity of polymer composites degraded by moisture, temperature or a combination of both; damage tolerance assessment; the numerical modeling of dynamic phenomena and the development of damage in the material; the effect of different angles of fiber orientation and nature of the polymeric matrix; applications and limitations of currently available nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques; the role of hybridization in energy dissipation; the use of an intermediate viscoelastic layer for controlling damage, etc. The above list is not exhaustive, and other related topics will also be considered. Experimental results on the characterization of dynamic properties are considered as the main goal, but simulation works and review articles are also welcomed for inclusion in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Juan C. Suárez-Bermejo
Prof. Dr. Lopresto Valentina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  •  dynamic properties
  •  structural integrity
  •  polymer composites
  •  damage tolerance
  •  mechanical testing
  •  nondestructive evaluation
  •  fatigue
  •  impact

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 6393 KiB  
Article
Investigation on the Mechanical Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers by Peripheral Down-Milling
by Massimo Durante, Luca Boccarusso, Dario De Fazio, Antonio Formisano and Antonio Langella
Polymers 2023, 15(4), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15040854 - 9 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2127
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are composite materials that play a significant role in the growth of many industrial fields where high performance and lightness of the structures are required. At the same time, the management at the end of their life has required [...] Read more.
Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are composite materials that play a significant role in the growth of many industrial fields where high performance and lightness of the structures are required. At the same time, the management at the end of their life has required the development of more and more sustainable and efficient recycling solutions. Considering this, the present research work aims to investigate a mechanical recycling method and the cutting strategies able to machine CFRP components in their entirety, using a common milling machine in a job shop scheme, making a shorter supply chain, and leading to economic and environmental benefits. In detail, laminates obtained by unidirectional carbon fiber prepregs were worked through the peripheral down-milling process, by varying the spindle speed and the feed rate. The recording of the cutting forces enabled the evaluation of features such as the cutting power and the specific cutting energy. Moreover, the chips from the milling process were classified as a function of their dimensions. Finally, specimens made of chips and epoxy resin were characterized under bending conditions, to evaluate the effectiveness of using the chips from CFRP peripheral milling as the polymer’s reinforcement and, in addition, to appreciate the goodness of this recycling strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites)
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18 pages, 9102 KiB  
Article
Effect of Normal and Rubberized Concrete Properties on the Behavior of RC Columns Strengthened with EB CFRP Laminates and Welded Wire Mesh under Static Axial Loading
by Ibrahim A. Sharaky, Ahmed S. Elamary, Yasir M. Alharthi and Ayman Abdo
Polymers 2022, 14(24), 5351; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245351 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1092
Abstract
The huge amounts of old and damaged tires spread worldwide has caused many complex environmental risks. The old tires have been converted to crumb rubber (CR) and tire recycled steel fiber (RSF) to facilitate their use. This study used CR to partially replace [...] Read more.
The huge amounts of old and damaged tires spread worldwide has caused many complex environmental risks. The old tires have been converted to crumb rubber (CR) and tire recycled steel fiber (RSF) to facilitate their use. This study used CR to partially replace natural sand in reinforced (RC) columns. Externally bonded (EB) carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates, welded wire mesh (WWM), and RSF were used to enhance the axial behavior of the tested columns to overcome the concrete deficiencies resulting from the inclusion of the CR instead of natural sand. Eighteen columns were prepared and tested to discuss the effects of strengthening type, CR content, RSF, and strengthening area on the axial behavior of the RC columns. Certain columns were internally reinforced with WWM, while others were externally strengthened with EB CFRP laminates. Partially or fully EB CFRP laminates were used to strengthen the columns. Moreover, one column was cast with NC and 0.2% RSF to investigate the role of RSF in confining the column. The results demonstrated a concrete strength reduction for the rubberized concrete (CRC) as the CR content increased. Conversely, the strengthened columns experienced higher load capacities than the corresponding un-strengthened ones cast with the same concrete mix. Moreover, adding 2% RSF to the NC mix could enhance the column capacity, although it decreased the concrete strength. Furthermore, using two CFRP layers increased the load capacity and ductility of the strengthened columns. The strengthened column cast with 50% CR showed the highest load efficiency (334.3% compared to the un-strengthened one). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites)
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20 pages, 8873 KiB  
Article
A Numerical Study on the Influence of Strain Rate in Finite-Discrete Element Simulation of the Perforation Behaviour of Woven Composites
by Mohammad Rezasefat, Sandro Campos Amico, Marco Giglio and Andrea Manes
Polymers 2022, 14(20), 4279; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204279 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1592
Abstract
Predicting the perforation limit of composite laminates is an important design aspect and is a complex task due to the multi-mode failure mechanism and complex material constitutive behaviour required. This requires high-fidelity numerical models for a better understanding of the physics of the [...] Read more.
Predicting the perforation limit of composite laminates is an important design aspect and is a complex task due to the multi-mode failure mechanism and complex material constitutive behaviour required. This requires high-fidelity numerical models for a better understanding of the physics of the perforation event. This work presents a numerical study on the perforation behaviour of a satin-weave S2-glass/epoxy composite subjected to low-velocity impact. A novel strain-rate-dependent finite-discrete element model (FDEM) is presented and validated by comparison with experimental data for impacts at several energies higher and lower than their perforation limit. The strain rate sensitivity was included in the model by developing a novel user-defined material model, which had a rate-dependent bilinear traction separation cohesive behaviour, implemented using a VUSDFLD subroutine in Abaqus/Explicit. The capability of the model in predicting the perforation limit of the composite was investigated by developing rate-sensitive and insensitive models. The results showed that taking the strain rate into account leads to more accurate predictions of the perforation limit and damage morphology of the laminate subjected to impacts at different energies. The experimental penetration threshold of 89 J was estimated as 79 J by the strain-rate-sensitive models, which was more accurate compared to 52 J predicted by the strain-rate-insensitive model. Additionally, the coupling between interlaminar and intralaminar failure modes in the models led to a more accurate prediction of the delamination area when considering the rate sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites)
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23 pages, 9695 KiB  
Article
On the Crashworthiness Behaviour of Innovative Sandwich Shock Absorbers
by Valerio Acanfora, Ferdinando Baldieri, Antonio Garofano, Francesco Fittipaldi and Aniello Riccio
Polymers 2022, 14(19), 4163; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14194163 - 4 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1320
Abstract
Increasing the impact resistance properties of any transport vehicle is a real engineering challenge. This challenge is addressed in this paper by proposing a high-performing structural solution. Hence, the performance, in terms of improvement of the energy absorbing characteristics and the reduction of [...] Read more.
Increasing the impact resistance properties of any transport vehicle is a real engineering challenge. This challenge is addressed in this paper by proposing a high-performing structural solution. Hence, the performance, in terms of improvement of the energy absorbing characteristics and the reduction of the peak accelerations, of highly efficient shock absorbers integrated in key locations of a minibus chassis have been assessed by means of numerical crash simulations. The high efficiency of the proposed damping system has been achieved by improving the current design and manufacturing process of the state-of-the-art shock absorbers. Indeed, the proposed passive safety system is composed of additive manufactured, hybrid polymer/composite (Polypropylene/Composite Fibres Reinforced Polymers—PP/CFRP) shock absorbers. The resulting hybrid component combines the high stiffness-to-mass and strength-to-mass ratios characteristic of the composites with the capability of the PP to dissipate energy by plastic deformation. Moreover, thanks to the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique, low-mass and low-volume highly-efficient shock-absorbing sandwich structures can be designed and manufactured. The use of high-efficiency additively manufactured sandwich shock absorbers has been demonstrated as an effective way to improve the passive safety of passengers, achieving a reduction in the peak of the reaction force and energy absorbed in the safety cage of the chassis’ structure, respectively, up to up to 30 kN and 25%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites)
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16 pages, 3917 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Behavior of Fiberglass Composite Panels in Contact with Water Subjected to Repeated Impacts
by Anabelis Carolina Omaña Lozada, José Manuel Arenas Reina and Juan Carlos Suárez-Bermejo
Polymers 2022, 14(19), 4051; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14194051 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2318
Abstract
One of the most common applications of glass fiber composite materials (GFRP) is the manufacturing of the hulls of high-speed boats. During navigation, the hull of these boats is subjected to repetitive impacts against the free surface of the water (slamming effect), which [...] Read more.
One of the most common applications of glass fiber composite materials (GFRP) is the manufacturing of the hulls of high-speed boats. During navigation, the hull of these boats is subjected to repetitive impacts against the free surface of the water (slamming effect), which can cause severe damage to the material. To better understand the behavior of the composite material under this effect, in the present work, an experimental test has been carried out to reproduce the slamming phenomenon in GFRP panels by means of a novel device that allows this cyclic impact to be obtained while the panels are always in contact with water. By means of non-destructive ultrasound inspection in immersion, it has been possible to establish the evolution of the damage according to the number of impacts received by each panel. Destructive tests in the affected zone, specifically shear tests (Iosipescu test), allow determination of the loss of mechanical properties experienced by the material after receiving a high number of impacts in the presence of water (up to 900,000 impact cycles in some panels). The behavior of the material was found to be very different in wet and dry conditions. Under dry conditions, the material loses stiffness as the damage density increases and its shear strength also decreases, as does displacement at maximum load. For wet conditions, the material shows higher displacements at maximum load, while the shear strength decreases with increasing stiffness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites)
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13 pages, 5987 KiB  
Article
Fibre–Wood Laminate Biocomposites: Seawater Immersion Effects on Flexural and Low Energy Impact Properties
by Fabuer R. Valencia, Germán Castillo-López, Jon Aurrekoetxea and Alberto Lopez-Arraiza
Polymers 2022, 14(19), 4038; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14194038 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1302
Abstract
The present paper explores a new concept of a hybrid eco-composite by substituting the natural fibre plies with thin wood veneers. The new composite, named Fibre–Wood Laminate (FWL), is inspired by fibre–metal laminate materials. The studied FWL configuration consisted of a single thin [...] Read more.
The present paper explores a new concept of a hybrid eco-composite by substituting the natural fibre plies with thin wood veneers. The new composite, named Fibre–Wood Laminate (FWL), is inspired by fibre–metal laminate materials. The studied FWL configuration consisted of a single thin pinewood veneer at each of the outer layers of a flax woven fabric reinforced bio-epoxy composite manufactured by infusion. Three-point bending results showed that wood veneer gives a highly anisotropic nature to the FWL. In the best case, with the grain of the wood at 0°, the stiffness and the strength increased by 28 and 41%, respectively, but reduced the strain-at-break by 27% compared to the flax fibre reinforced bio-epoxy (FFRB). The penetration and perforation energy thresholds and the peak force of the FWL obtained by falling weight impact tests were 32, 29, and 31% lower than those of the FFRB, respectively. This weakening was due to using single wood veneers, so the challenge for improving impact properties will be to explore thicker FWLs with different stacking sequences and orientations. The effect of immersing the FWL in seawater also showed considerable differences. The epoxy matrix filled the cellular structure of the wood veneers, creating a barrier effect and reducing the amount of water absorbed by the flax fibres. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Dynamic Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites)
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