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Interaction of Growth-Promoting Microorganisms with Pulses: Nutrition, Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Increase in Grain Production

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant–Soil Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2025) | Viewed by 2327

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23891-000, Brazil
Interests: microbial ecology; microbiome; cowpea (Vigna unguiculata); mung bean (Vigna radiata); PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria); BNF (Biological Nitrogen Fixation); biofertilizer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pulses are legume plants from the Fabaceae family that are characterized as a high-quality food resource for human nutrition and food security. Their dry seeds have a low fat and high protein and fiber content, making them an alternative to meat consumption. Aiming at the expansion of pulse production, the United Nations launched a global event in 2016, called “World Pulses Day” which takes place yearly on February 10th. From that year onwards, an average increase of 18.5% has been observed compared to the previous six years. Pulses benefit from the interaction with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which increase productivity, reduces nitrogen fertilizer demand, and mitigates the environmental impacts caused by either soluble fertilizer leaching into groundwater or greenhouse gas emissions. The main microsymbiont for the most common pulses are Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar viciae for peas, lentils, and broad beans; Rhizobium spp. and Mesorhizobium spp. for common beans and chickpeas, respectively; and Bradyrhizobium spp. for cowpeas, mung beans, and pigeon peas. In addition to rhizobia, more than 80 taxa of plant-growth-promoting microorganisms have been reported to be associated with pulses capable of promoting the stimulation of nutritional traits and tolerance to abiotic stresses; the former may be triggered by the action of several microbial taxa, while the latter is preferentially associated with bacteria from the Bacillota phylum.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of studies that explore the association of pulses with growth-promoting microorganisms capable of improving the nutritional aspects of crops related to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and others, or tolerance to abiotic impacts due to temperature, humidity, salinity, among others, aiming to increase productivity and reduce production costs, thus increasing the grain supply of pulses.

Dr. Norma Gouvêa Rumjanek
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM)
  • mineral solubilization
  • phytohormone production
  • siderophore production
  • 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase production
  • BNF activity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1207 KB  
Article
Genetic Diversity and Nodulation Potential of Bradyrhizobium Strains in Cowpea and Soybean
by Camila Pereira de Moraes Carvalho, Alberto Fernandes Oliveira, Jr., Luc Felicianus Marie Rouws, Fernanda dos Santos Dourado, Marcia Reed Rodrigues Coelho, Bruno José Rodrigues Alves and Jerri Édson Zilli
Plants 2025, 14(24), 3857; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14243857 - 18 Dec 2025
Viewed by 755
Abstract
Bradyrhizobium is a genetically diverse genus that forms symbioses with numerous legumes, including major crops such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and soybean (Glycine max). Understanding the genetic and symbiotic diversity of native strains is essential for improving inoculant technologies [...] Read more.
Bradyrhizobium is a genetically diverse genus that forms symbioses with numerous legumes, including major crops such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and soybean (Glycine max). Understanding the genetic and symbiotic diversity of native strains is essential for improving inoculant technologies and enhancing biological nitrogen fixation in tropical agricultural systems. This study investigated Bradyrhizobium strains associated with these two legumes grown in adjacent tropical soils in Brazil to elucidate their genetic relationships, taxonomic placement, and host compatibility. A total of 34 Bradyrhizobium strains isolated from cowpea and soybean nodules were characterized using multilocus phylogenetic analyses (16S rRNA, gyrB, recA, and nodC). Selected strains underwent whole-genome sequencing for comparative analyses based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH). Cross-inoculation assays were performed to evaluate nodulation capacity and symbiotic efficiency on both hosts. The strains displayed high genetic diversity, forming multiple phylogenetic clusters. Most grouped within the B. elkanii superclade, whereas several occupied divergent lineages, some potentially representing new taxa. Genome-based analyses supported these findings, showing intracluster ANI values above 95–96% and intercluster values below 94%. A distinct group of cowpea-derived strains exhibited high symbiotic efficiency but low genomic similarity to known type strains, suggesting the presence of a novel species with potential use in inoculants. In contrast, some soybean-derived strains were genetically identical to commercial inoculants, indicating persistence or re-isolation from previously inoculated soils. Notably, strain BR 13971, isolated from soybean, nodulated both hosts efficiently, demonstrating a broad host range and suggesting a unique symbiovar. Cross-inoculation assays showed that soybean-derived strains effectively nodulated cowpea, whereas cowpea-derived strains did not nodulate soybean, indicating asymmetrical host compatibility. Particularly for cowpea, strains BR 10926 and BR 10750 demonstrated higher symbiotic efficiency than the strains currently recommended for this crop. Overall, these findings enhance the understanding of Bradyrhizobium diversity in tropical soils and highlight promising native strains for future inoculant development. Full article
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17 pages, 973 KB  
Article
Harnessing Rhizobial Inoculation for Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)
by Dieini Melissa Teles dos Santos, Vinício Oliosi Favero, Ana Beatriz Carneiro Leite, Giulia da Costa Rodrigues dos Santos, Jaqueline Carvalho de Almeida, Josimar Nogueira Batista, Willian Pereira, Everaldo Zonta, Segundo Urquiaga, Norma Gouvêa Rumjanek and Gustavo Ribeiro Xavier
Plants 2025, 14(23), 3695; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233695 - 4 Dec 2025
Viewed by 866
Abstract
As a pulse crop, mung beans are associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which can improve soil fertility, lower the need for nitrogen fertilizers, and increase yield and soil quality for subsequent harvests. This study aimed to identify effective rhizobial inoculants for mung beans ( [...] Read more.
As a pulse crop, mung beans are associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which can improve soil fertility, lower the need for nitrogen fertilizers, and increase yield and soil quality for subsequent harvests. This study aimed to identify effective rhizobial inoculants for mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) by evaluating selected strains for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under controlled (axenic) conditions. Cowpea, soybean, and common bean strains were tested as mung beans inoculants under axenic conditions. Promising strains were then tested in the field to assess grain yield and to quantify nitrogen fixation using the 15N natural abundance method. The cowpea strain BR 3302 (Bradyrhizobium viridifuturi) increased mung bean yield by 18%, achieving results similar to a 240 kg N ha−1 fertilizer application. The soybean strain BR 96 (B. elkanii) facilitated the highest nitrogen fixation (35.3 kg N ha−1), significantly surpassing the contribution of indigenous diazotrophic bacteria (18.5 kg N ha−1). Interestingly, BR 3302 appeared to primarily enhance nitrogen uptake from the soil (65% of plant N), indicating the presence of other potential plant growth-promoting mechanisms beyond nitrogen fixation. This research demonstrates that Bradyrhizobium strains can benefit mung beans through both enhanced nitrogen fixation and additional growth-promoting mechanisms, offering a sustainable approach to improve mung beans production. Full article
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