Plant Stress Physiology and Ecophysiological Responses to Environmental Challenges

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 2927

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Guest Editor
Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: abiotic stress; antioxidative enzymes; biofertilizers/biostimulants; biotic stress; free radicals; plant nutrients
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In today’s changing world, plant sciences play a vital role, especially in the context of global food security. Agriculture forms the foundation of human society by supplying the food essential for survival. However, climate change, global warming, and other environmental threats increasingly jeopardize crop yield and quality. Plant stress physiology focuses on how plants detect, respond to, and adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions that impair their growth and development.

Plant stress can be categorized as abiotic or biotic. Abiotic stressors include drought, temperature extremes, salinity, nutrient imbalances, heavy metals, and pollution, while biotic stressors include pathogens, herbivores, and parasitic organisms. These stressors may result from both natural and human-induced environmental changes, significantly affecting plant ecophysiology.

Plants have developed complex strategies to cope with stress, including osmotic adjustment, changes in stomatal behavior, activation of antioxidant systems, and the production of hormones and stress-related proteins. These forms of adaptation help them maintain physiological balance and minimize damage.

Plants’ responses vary depending on plant genotype, developmental stage, and prior stress exposure. Understanding these mechanisms is key to predicting plant performance under variable environmental conditions. In agriculture, applying this knowledge helps improve crop resilience through stress-tolerant breeding, optimized resource use, and integrated management practices—critical steps for maintaining productivity in the face of climate uncertainty.

This Special Issue invites original research articles, reviews, and short communications that explore plant responses to environmental stressors from a physiological and ecophysiological standpoint. While the focus is on crop species, studies involving model or wild plants that contribute to our understanding of stress responses are equally welcome. We particularly encourage multidisciplinary approaches that integrate molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and systems biology with classical and modern plant physiology.

Dr. Brigitta Tóth
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • adaptation
  • antioxidant enzymes
  • cellular damage
  • crop production
  • crop protection
  • crops
  • free radicals
  • oxidative damage

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 1934 KB  
Article
Compartment-Specific Niche Filtering Shapes the Structure and Nutrient-Cycling Potential of Bacterial Communities in Eutrophic Waters with Hydrilla verticillata
by Xiaorong Chen, Chuanxin Chao and Yonghong Xie
Plants 2026, 15(4), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15040641 - 18 Feb 2026
Viewed by 689
Abstract
Submerged aquatic macrophytes and their microbiomes can help mitigate eutrophication, yet how microbial communities and functions differ across specific plant-associated and surrounding niches remains unclear. Here, we profiled bacterial community composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and quantified nitrogen and phosphorus cycling genes ( [...] Read more.
Submerged aquatic macrophytes and their microbiomes can help mitigate eutrophication, yet how microbial communities and functions differ across specific plant-associated and surrounding niches remains unclear. Here, we profiled bacterial community composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and quantified nitrogen and phosphorus cycling genes (narG, nirK, nirS, nosZ, phoD by qPCR) across eight distinct compartments associated with the submerged macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata in a eutrophic freshwater wetland. The niches spanned open water, bulk sediment, rhizosphere, and plant phyllosphere (leaf/stem surfaces) and endosphere (leaf/stem/root interiors). Alpha diversity differed significantly among niches: sediments (non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere) exhibited the highest Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) richness and diversity, whereas leaf-associated niches (phyllosphere and endosphere) had the lowest. Beta diversity showed clear separation by niche, indicating strong habitat filtering. Community composition also varied markedly: the water column was dominated by Bacteroidota (~51% of sequences), plant-associated communities were enriched in Pseudomonadota (43–90%), and sediment niches were dominated by Firmicutes (23~48%). Functional gene abundances showed pronounced niche partitioning. Nitrate/nitrite reduction genes (narG, nirK, nirS) were most enriched on leaf phyllosphere, with narG abundance equally high in the water, whereas the N2O reductase gene nosZ peaked in sediment niches. The alkaline phosphatase gene phoD had its highest copy numbers in leaf biofilms, with significantly lower levels in internal plant tissues. Overall, neutral processes explained ~61% of community variation, but deterministic assembly was evident in the well-connected water and leaf surface niches. These findings reveal strong niche differentiation in plant-associated microbiomes and suggest that compartmentalized microbial functional capacity within the H. verticillata holobiont enhances nitrogen removal and phosphorus cycling in eutrophic waters. Full article
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33 pages, 2767 KB  
Article
Effects of Superabsorbent Polymers on Growth and Pigment Allocation in Chlorella vulgaris
by Gabriella Erzsébet Szemők, László Balázs, Ákos Tarnawa, Szandra Klátyik, Gergő Péter Kovács and Zoltán Kende
Plants 2025, 14(19), 2962; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14192962 - 24 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are increasingly applied in agriculture to enhance soil water retention, reduce nutrient loss, and mitigate drought stress—challenges expected to intensify under global climate change. While their benefits for crop growth are well documented, much less is known about their influence [...] Read more.
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are increasingly applied in agriculture to enhance soil water retention, reduce nutrient loss, and mitigate drought stress—challenges expected to intensify under global climate change. While their benefits for crop growth are well documented, much less is known about their influence on free-living microorganisms. Here, we examined the effects of three SAP chemistries—potassium polyacrylate (DCM Aquaperla®), starch-based polyacrylamide (Zeba Plus SP®), and γ-polyglutamate (Stockosorb® 660 Medium)—on the growth and pigment composition of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck across three initial cell densities (22.8 × 103, 228 × 103, and 2.228 × 106 cells/mL). Six spectral indices, derived from weekly absorbance measurements over seven weeks, were used to track biomass and pigment allocation. Nonparametric repeated-measures analysis and principal component analysis revealed strong effects of SAP type, algal density, and time. Zeba consistently maintained biomass comparable to the control while enhancing carotenoid- and xanthophyll-sensitive indices, suggesting pigment reallocation without growth suppression. Stockosorb produced intermediate responses, whereas Aquaperla frequently reduced biomass-related measures, particularly at high density. Pigment allocation was also density-dependent, with low-density cultures investing proportionally more in carotenoids. Overall, these results show that SAP–microbe interactions are strongly influenced by polymer chemistry and starting biomass, with implications for biotechnology, environmental risk assessment, and sustainable crop production systems that aim to support both algal and plant resilience under drought. Full article
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