Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance to Environmental Stresses

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1634

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
Interests: halophytes; salinity; drought stresses; ions; membrane transport; K+ homeostasis; Na+ transport; arsenic transport; plant abiotic stress; plant nutrition; mycorrhiza; physiology and molecular genetics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants are sessile organisms that are permanently restricted to their site of growth. As a result, they continuously face changing environmental conditions that require morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional adjustments. During evolution, to compensate for their lack of mobility, plants have developed a wide range of unique adaptation mechanisms to survive under harsh conditions and to rapidly respond to environmental changes. Environmental stresses such as salinity, sodicity, drought, aluminum toxicity, heavy metals, and heat stress can play significant roles in inhibiting or even halting plant growth, development, and reproduction. Moreover, these stresses pose major threats to modern agriculture, negatively impacting global crop productivity.

Therefore, understanding plant stress tolerance mechanisms and improving crop resilience to environmental challenges are pivotal to maintaining agricultural productivity and keeping pace with the growing population, rising temperatures, and decreasing water availability. Evaluating the roles of different plant proteins and cellular components in the processes of stress sensing and the regulation of stress responses are critical tasks that need urgent attention.

Although the amount of data on plant stress regulation, physiological adjustment, and gene-coordinating networks is steadily increasing, many crucial tasks and open questions remain to be addressed in the near-future.

This Special Issue of Plants focuses on the various aspects of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to different environmental stresses, tolerance, and regulation.

Dr. Stanislav Isayenkov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • salinity
  • sodicity
  • drought
  • alkaline stress
  • heat
  • heavy metals
  • plant stress signaling and regulation
  • stress sensing
  • adaptation to the different stress environments

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4193 KiB  
Article
Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum Toxicity on Leaf Growth of Shatian Pomelo Seedlings
by Dan Tan, Jingfu Yan, Yali Yang, Shaoxia Yang, Lubin Zhang, Yingbin Xue and Ying Liu
Plants 2025, 14(4), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040603 - 17 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 532
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of aluminum (Al) stress on the leaves of Shatian pomelo (Citrus maxima “Shatian Yu”) and its underlying response mechanisms. Leaf phenotype analysis, physiological response index determination, transcriptome analysis, and genome verification were employed to [...] Read more.
This study aimed to examine the effects of aluminum (Al) stress on the leaves of Shatian pomelo (Citrus maxima “Shatian Yu”) and its underlying response mechanisms. Leaf phenotype analysis, physiological response index determination, transcriptome analysis, and genome verification were employed to investigate the effects of Al toxicity in detail. Al toxicity stress inhibited leaf growth and development, reducing leaf area, girth, and both dry and fresh weights. Antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content in leaves significantly increased with rising Al stress levels. Additionally, Al toxicity caused an accumulation of Al ions in leaves and a decline in boron, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and iron ion content. RNA sequencing identified 4868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under 0 mM (Control) and 4 mM (Al stress) conditions, with 1994 genes upregulated and 2874 downregulated, indicating a complex molecular regulatory response. These findings were further validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results provide critical insights into the molecular mechanisms of Shatian pomelo leaf response to Al toxicity and offer a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving citrus productivity in acidic soils. Full article
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Review

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18 pages, 1067 KiB  
Review
Exploring Hormonal Pathways and Gene Networks in Crown Root Formation Under Stress Conditions: An Update
by Siarhei A. Dabravolski and Stanislav V. Isayenkov
Plants 2025, 14(4), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040630 - 19 Feb 2025
Viewed by 719
Abstract
Crown root (CR) initiation and development are crucial for the establishment of robust root systems in plants, contributing significantly to stress tolerance and overall growth. This manuscript explores the regulatory roles of key hormones and genes involved in CR formation, with a focus [...] Read more.
Crown root (CR) initiation and development are crucial for the establishment of robust root systems in plants, contributing significantly to stress tolerance and overall growth. This manuscript explores the regulatory roles of key hormones and genes involved in CR formation, with a focus on their interactions under conditions of drought and salt stress. Cytokinins (CK) act as a negative regulator of CR development, while auxin (AUX) serves as a positive driver, facilitating cellular growth and division. Wuschel-related homeobox (WOX) genes, particularly OsWOX11, play a central role by integrating CK and AUX signalling to regulate downstream targets such as OsCRL1 and auxin biosynthetic pathways. Other hormones, including jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellin (GA), display context-dependent effects, modulating CR initiation based on environmental conditions. Critical genes like OsESG1 and OsFBX257 have been associated with improved drought resilience, interacting with proteins and kinases such as OsGF14b/c and OsCDPK1. Despite progress, significant challenges remain in mapping the full extent of hormonal crosstalk and gene regulation under stress conditions. This manuscript emphasises the need for future studies to incorporate comprehensive multi-omics approaches, expand the exploration of stress-related hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), and leverage advanced gene-editing techniques. Addressing these gaps will enhance our understanding of CR development and contribute to the development of crops with greater resistance to environmental stresses. Full article
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