Mid-IR Active Optical Fiber: Technology and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1802

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: fiber laser; fiber amplifiers; millimeter-wave antennas; substrate integrated waveguide antennas
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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: optical fiber sensor; mid-infrared fiber; fiber bragg grating; long period grating; fiber interferometer; fluoride glass; mid-infrared; electromagnetic simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, optical fiber devices working in the middle-infrared (Mid-IR) range are becoming a topic of interest for academia and industry. Their promising applications in communication, imaging, environmental monitoring, sensing, medical diagnostics and therapy, defense, and material processing constitute only a part of the wide interest area. Indeed, the Mid-IR spectral region enables the vibrational bands of many molecules, this occurrence being particularly relevant for spectroscopic sensing and chemical identification.

In parallel, the development of Mid-IR optical fiber devices has experienced a rapid growth. These devices are crucial for the delivery, manipulation, and detection of Mid-IR light, enabling the integration of Mid-IR technologies into compact and efficient systems, as all-in-fiber systems. The design and fabrication of Mid-IR optical fibers present unique challenges. Thus, the exploration of alternative propagation media such as chalcogenide glasses, fluoride glasses, and crystalline materials has become a vibrant area of research.

This Special Issue aims to bring together recent advances in the design, fabrication, and application of Mid-IR optical fibers. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, including novel fiber materials, waveguiding section designs, fiber-based sensing systems, laser design and fabrication, and the integration of these fibers into actual systems for real-world applications. By highlighting these developments, we hope to shed light on the current state of Mid-IR fiber technology and inspire further research and innovation in this exciting field.

We invite researchers and industry experts to contribute original research articles, reviews, and perspectives that explore the latest technological advancements, challenges, and future directions in Mid-IR optical fiber devices.

Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Fiber sensors;
  • Rare-earth (co-)doped fiber devices;
  • Novel glasses and photonic materials;
  • Nonlinear fiber devices;
  • Mid-IR coherent light sources;
  • All-in-fiber systems;
  • Mid-IR sensing systems.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Antonella Maria Loconsole
Dr. Francesco Anelli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • middle-infrared (Mid-IR) range
  • optical fibers
  • chalcogenide glasses
  • fluoride glasses
  • hollow-core fibers
  • waveguide design
  • fiber sensors
  • spectroscopic sensing
  • fiber devices
  • photonics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2534 KB  
Article
Broadband Plasmonic In-Fiber Polarization Filter Based on Gold-Deposited Silicon Photonic Crystal Fiber Operating in Mid-Infrared Regime
by Nan Chen, Qiuyue Qin, Chenxun Liu, Leilei Gao, Fan Yang, Hui Chen, Xin Ding and Xingjian Sun
Photonics 2025, 12(12), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12121197 - 5 Dec 2025
Viewed by 254
Abstract
To explore the potential of new information transmission windows, this work presents a broadband plasmonic filter based on gold-deposited silicon photonic crystal fiber (PCF) operating in mid-infrared regime numerically, using the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results indicate that the interaction between [...] Read more.
To explore the potential of new information transmission windows, this work presents a broadband plasmonic filter based on gold-deposited silicon photonic crystal fiber (PCF) operating in mid-infrared regime numerically, using the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results indicate that the interaction between the high-refractive-index pure silicon material and the gold layer can cause a shift of the resonance central point to the mid-infrared band, which provides the prerequisite for mid-infrared filtering. When the cladding holes’ diameter is 1.3 µm, the inner holes’ diameter is 1.04 µm, the diameter of the holes located on both sides of the core region is 2.08 µm, the gold-coated holes’ diameter is 2.08 µm, the lattice constant is 2 µm, and the gold thickness is 50 nm, this PCF can operate in the mid-infrared band near the central wavelength of 3 µm. The 1 mm long PCF polarizer exhibits a maximum extinction ratio (ER) of −43.5 dB at 3 µm and a broad operating bandwidth of greater than 820 nm with ER better than −20 dB. Additionally, it also possesses high fabrication feasibility. This in-fiber polarization filter, characterized by its comprehensive performance and ease of fabrication, aids in exploring the development potential of high-speed and large-capacity modern communication networks within new optical bands and contributes to new photonic computing and sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mid-IR Active Optical Fiber: Technology and Applications)
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12 pages, 1546 KB  
Article
Dual-Wavelength Cascade Pumping for Low-Threshold and High-Efficiency 4.4 μm Emission in Dy3+:InF3 Fiber Laser: A Numerical Investigation
by Linhai Yuan, Shuaibin Hu, Jianghao Gan, Xiao Liang, Yizhou Hu, Yuchen Wang, Jun Liu and Pinghua Tang
Photonics 2025, 12(11), 1101; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12111101 - 9 Nov 2025
Viewed by 385
Abstract
Dy3+:InF3 fiber shows promise for 4.4 μm mid-infrared lasing, but the much shorter lifetime of its upper laser level compared to the lower level causes inevitable self-termination. While cascade 4.4 μm/3 μm lasing has been proposed as a potential solution, [...] Read more.
Dy3+:InF3 fiber shows promise for 4.4 μm mid-infrared lasing, but the much shorter lifetime of its upper laser level compared to the lower level causes inevitable self-termination. While cascade 4.4 μm/3 μm lasing has been proposed as a potential solution, this method faces complex configuration and an extremely high pump threshold (>30 W under continuous-wave operation), rendering it impractical for high-power use, especially given InF3’s soft-glass nature. To address the self-termination challenge and enable the low-threshold, high-efficiency lasing, this study proposes, for the first time to our knowledge, a dual-wavelength cascade-pumping scheme utilizing 2.8 μm and 2.4 μm pumps. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the dual-wavelength cascade-pumped Dy3+:InF3 fiber laser exhibits an optical-to-optical efficiency of up to 18.4% and a maximum slope efficiency of 38.5%. The total pump threshold is as low as 5.4 W, remarkably lower than that required by the cascade lasing approach. This work provides a viable solution and design guidelines for the development of 4 μm-class mid-infrared fiber lasers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mid-IR Active Optical Fiber: Technology and Applications)
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10 pages, 14490 KB  
Article
Mid-Infrared Fiber Amplification of a DFB Interband Cascade Laser
by Louis-Charles Michaud, Tommy Boilard, Réal Vallée and Martin Bernier
Photonics 2025, 12(10), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100988 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 706
Abstract
The limited availability of powerful, tunable, and reliable mid-infrared sources has historically prevented their widespread adoption in spectroscopy applications, even if most greenhouse gases’ fundamental absorption lines are found in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, both mid-infrared fiber lasers and ICLs [...] Read more.
The limited availability of powerful, tunable, and reliable mid-infrared sources has historically prevented their widespread adoption in spectroscopy applications, even if most greenhouse gases’ fundamental absorption lines are found in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, both mid-infrared fiber lasers and ICLs have enjoyed substantial growth in available output powers in recent years. Since the two technologies have complementary benefits, combining them could prove to be an interesting avenue to explore toward the development of a powerful, easily tunable, and narrow linewidth mid-infrared source. We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of fiber amplification of a distributed feedback interband cascade laser (DFB-ICL) operating in the mid-infrared. The system, based on an in-band pumped dysprosium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier, yields 10 dB of gain and up to 30 mW of output power at 3240 nm. We believe this is an important milestone toward power scaling of single-mode, single-frequency, and rapidly tunable mid-infrared laser sources suitable for advanced gas spectroscopy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mid-IR Active Optical Fiber: Technology and Applications)
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