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Photonics
Special Issues
Nonlinear and Ultrafast Optics: Fundamentals and Applications
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Nonlinear and Ultrafast Optics: Fundamentals and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2023) | Viewed by 6923

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yurii E Geints

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
V.E.Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: photonics; near-field optics; plasmonics; optical nonlinearity; high-power laser; laser-matter interaction; ultrashort laser propagation; nonlinear atmospheric optics
Prof. Dr. Leonid V. Seleznev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Interests: high-power laser; laser–matter interaction; ultrashort laser propagation; THz radiation; plasma physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past two decades since the invention of ultrafast (pico- and femtosecond) laser sources, the field of nonlinear optics has rapidly developed, which results in the discovery and design of novel optical materials, technologies, light sources, measurement devices and methods. Nonlinear optical effects play a key role in many actual applications, covering a wide range of energies and powers and over broad spectral ranges. They include nonlinear phenomena in photonics and plasmonics, optics at the micro/nanoscale, optical bio- and medical science, sensing, nonlinear fiber communications, quantum applications, and various open-air and space applications. This Special Issue aims to bring together contributions from the leading scientists and optical engineers around the world and describe recent developments, as well as the prospects and challenges facing the astonishing field of nonlinear and ultrafast optics.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • High-power laser sources and laser resonators;
  • Nonlinear beam guiding;
  • Light bullets;
  • Nonlinear optical fiber communications;
  • Optical nonlinearity in micro/nano-applications;
  • Nonlinearity in photonics and plasmonics;
  • Novel nonlinear optoelectronic materials and devices;
  • Femtosecond nonlinear optics;
  • Ultrafast laser-matter interaction; filamentation, supercontinuum, THz and microwave-field generation;
  • Nonlinear atmospheric/oceanic optics;
  • Nonlinear atmospheric propagation, remote sensing and lightning control;
  • Earth-space-Earth laser communications and space debris removal;
  • Optical nonlinearity in biomedical applications;
  • Nonlinear ultrafast quantum sciences and technology;
  • Applied industrial nonlinear and ultrafast optics.

Prof. Dr. Yurii E Geints
Prof. Dr. Leonid V. Seleznev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optical nonlinearity
  • high-power laser sources
  • laser resonators
  • beam guiding
  • fiber communications
  • photonics
  • plasmonics
  • nonlinear optoelectronic materials
  • ultrafast laser-matter interaction
  • filamentation
  • supercontinuum
  • THz and microwave-field generation
  • nonlinear atmospheric/oceanic optics
  • remote sensing
  • lightning control
  • Earth-space laser communications
  • space debris removal
  • biomedical optics
  • ultrafast quantum science

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 2711 KiB  
Communication
Vortex Beam in a Turbulent Kerr Medium for Atmospheric Communication
by Andrey D. Bulygin, Yury E. Geints and Ilia Y. Geints
Photonics 2023, 10(7), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070856 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 883
Abstract
The dynamics of the topological charge of a vortex optical beam propagating in turbulent air while accounting for the cubic nonlinearity is theoretically considered. In a number of examples, we show that the optical beam, self-focusing, manifests itself ambiguously depending on the optical [...] Read more.
The dynamics of the topological charge of a vortex optical beam propagating in turbulent air while accounting for the cubic nonlinearity is theoretically considered. In a number of examples, we show that the optical beam, self-focusing, manifests itself ambiguously depending on the optical wave power. At near-critical values of beam power, self-focusing leads to enhanced spatial localization of optical vortices and substantial suppression of vortex walk-off relative to the beam axis caused by air turbulence. However, with increasing optical intensity, the modulation instability imposed by cubic nonlinearity becomes significant and contributes jointly with medium turbulence and leads to faster divergence of vortex beams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear and Ultrafast Optics: Fundamentals and Applications)
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9 pages, 2140 KiB  
Communication
Emission Enhancement in fs + ns Dual-Pulse LIBS of Cu
by Junfeng Shao, Yin Zhang and Anmin Chen
Photonics 2023, 10(7), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070783 - 05 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 881
Abstract
Femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) laser pulses have their own advantages and disadvantages in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). This paper investigated fs + ns (FN) dual-pulse (DP) LIBS, utilizing the respective advantages of two laser pulses in LIBS. Compared to traditional single ns [...] Read more.
Femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) laser pulses have their own advantages and disadvantages in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). This paper investigated fs + ns (FN) dual-pulse (DP) LIBS, utilizing the respective advantages of two laser pulses in LIBS. Compared to traditional single ns LIBS, applying a smaller energy fs pulse could effectively improve the LIBS emission. Firstly, this study discussed the spectra of FN DP LIBS with overlapping pulse time—that is, the FN DP inter-pulse delay (DID) was 0 μs. The results showed that the spectra were increased to three times that of a single ns LIBS. Subsequently, the DID between the two pulses was optimized. The results showed that as the DID between the two pulses increased, the spectral emission first increased and then decreased, ultimately remaining unchanged. The optimized DID was approximately 2 μs. Finally, using this optimized DID, the variation of spectral intensity with ns laser energy was discussed in DP LIBS. The spectral enhancement ratio increased from 3 with 0 μs DID to 6 with 2 μs DID. The investigation provides a reference in the application of FN DP LIBS element analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear and Ultrafast Optics: Fundamentals and Applications)
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15 pages, 6478 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Optical Response of Dispersed Medium Based on Conjugates Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Phthalocyanines
by Pavel N. Vasilevsky, Mikhail S. Savelyev, Alexander Yu. Tolbin, Artem V. Kuksin, Yulia O. Vasilevskaya, Andrey P. Orlov, Yury P. Shaman, Alexander A. Dudin, Alexander A. Pavlov and Alexander Yu. Gerasimenko
Photonics 2023, 10(5), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10050537 - 06 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1449
Abstract
Nanosecond lasers have recently been widely involved in human activity. However, high-intensity laser radiation can cause severe damage to organs of vision and expensive photonic devices. Radiation in the near UV range is especially dangerous for human eyes, since it is strongly absorbed [...] Read more.
Nanosecond lasers have recently been widely involved in human activity. However, high-intensity laser radiation can cause severe damage to organs of vision and expensive photonic devices. Radiation in the near UV range is especially dangerous for human eyes, since it is strongly absorbed by biological media and is also invisible, i.e., the reaction time of the eye to such radiation is much lower than that of visible light. Passive limiters have high transmission (>70%) at a low light intensity and begin to “darken” only when the threshold value of the laser radiation intensity is reached. In this work, we studied liquid nanodispersed nonlinear optical limiters based on hybrids of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with metal-free tetra(hydroxy)phthalocyanine (OH)4PcHH). The value of the hydrodynamic radius of separate particles after (OH)4PcHH binding increased from 288 ± 55 nm to 350 ± 60 nm, which confirms the attachment of phthalocyanine complexes to nanotubes. The third harmonic of a Nd:YAG nanosecond laser (355 nm, 20 ns) was used to study the nonlinear optical response. Based on a Z-scan with open-aperture and input-output dependence curves, third-order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients of 149, 236, and 229 cm/GW were obtained for dispersions of composites of SWCNTs and (OH)4PcHH in water, dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. Threshold values did not exceed 100 mJ/cm2. The Z-scan showed a gradual decrease in the duration of the laser pulse by 53%; however, near the focus, there was a sharp increase in the duration of the transmitted pulse, reaching a value of 29 ns in z = 0. This phenomenon confirms the occurrence of reverse saturable absorption in the investigated media and can be used in photonic devices to control the temporal characteristics of the signal. Thus, the possibility of protection of sensitive photonic devices and human eyes from nanosecond laser pulses in the near UV range by nanodispersed liquid media based on composites of SWCNTs with (OH)4PcHH has been discussed in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear and Ultrafast Optics: Fundamentals and Applications)
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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 2742 KiB  
Communication
A Passively Wavelength-Stabilized Mid-Infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator
by Liemao Hu, Yunze He, Xinjie Lv, Jian Ning, Gang Zhao and Shining Zhu
Photonics 2023, 10(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010005 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1671
Abstract
High-power and widely tunable continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators (cw OPOs), as mature radiation sources in the mid-infrared range, are limited by their frequency fluctuation. We built a cw OPO working at the near- and mid-infrared ranges and discuss the extent to which its [...] Read more.
High-power and widely tunable continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators (cw OPOs), as mature radiation sources in the mid-infrared range, are limited by their frequency fluctuation. We built a cw OPO working at the near- and mid-infrared ranges and discuss the extent to which its frequency stability is affected by the mechanical temperature and the air pressure of the cavity. In addition, we artificially provoked mode hops by changing the above two factors to analyze the thermal-induced refractive index variation of the crystal. An inequality between the spacing of the hops and the free spectrum range (FSR) was observed. The wavelength stability of the cw OPO was guaranteed passively, and the longest mode-hopping-free time exceeded 13 h through sealing the cavity and thermal control. Further analysis of factors affecting frequency drift is critically essential for the reliability of cw OPO, particularly in environments outside the laboratory, and may provide a new method for high-precision tuning wavelengths. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear and Ultrafast Optics: Fundamentals and Applications)
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12 pages, 3333 KiB  
Article
Capturing the Motion of Laser Pulse in Photoresist Mixture with Compressed Ultrafast Photography
by Xinyue Liu, Bin Xu, Zihao Du, Yi Ding, Yi Hu, Xiaojiang Zhan, Shengbin Liao and Jiangtao Xi
Photonics 2022, 9(12), 903; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9120903 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1279
Abstract
Imaging the interaction between the laser pulse and photoresist mixture on the ultrafast time scale can track the path of the light pulse and reveal the procedure of the microstructure machining. However, most existing imaging technologies suffer from problems such as requiring multiple [...] Read more.
Imaging the interaction between the laser pulse and photoresist mixture on the ultrafast time scale can track the path of the light pulse and reveal the procedure of the microstructure machining. However, most existing imaging technologies suffer from problems such as requiring multiple repeated shots or a limited time resolution. To overcome these problems, we propose to capture the motion of laser pulses in a photoresist mixture by using compressed ultrafast photography (CUP). In this method, we can recover the motion process of non-repeatable events with a single shot at the time-resolution of about 1.54×1011 fps, where the depth of the imaging sequence reaches hundreds of frames. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we estimate the speed of the laser pulse in a photoresist mixture and evaluate the similarity between the image captured by a streak camera and our reconstructed ultrafast sequence; the results validate the reliability of our proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear and Ultrafast Optics: Fundamentals and Applications)
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