Advances in Antiparasitic Agents

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Targeting and Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 567

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Interests: parasitology; helminths; immunology; immunomodulation; parasite immunomodulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of new antiparasitic drugs is crucial for global health, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where parasitic infections are prevalent. Parasitic diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis, affect millions of people annually, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatments are increasingly compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant parasites, making it necessary to discover and develop new therapeutic agents.

Research into new antiparasitic drugs involves a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating advances in genomics, bioinformatics, and molecular biology. Genomic studies enable the identification of novel drug targets by elucidating the genetic makeup and metabolic pathways of parasites. These targets can be exploited to design specific inhibitors that disrupt a parasite’s life cycle without harming a host. High-throughput screening methods, coupled with bioinformatics tools, facilitate the rapid identification of potential drug candidates from vast chemical libraries.

In addition, the development of antiparasitic drugs benefits from advances in drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology, for instance, offers innovative solutions for enhancing drug bioavailability and targeting specific tissues, thereby increasing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. The integration of these technologies into antiparasitic drug research promises more effective treatments with improved safety profiles.

In conclusion, ongoing research into new antiparasitic drugs is of vital importance to combat the global burden of parasitic diseases. By addressing the challenges of drug resistance and improving drug delivery mechanisms, researchers can develop innovative therapies that save lives and improve the quality of life of millions of individuals affected by parasitic infections.

This Special Issue invites contributions covering the most recent advances in both the development of new antiparasitic drugs and in studies on the modifications of or synergies between molecules that contribute to an increase in the efficacy or safety of existing drugs. We encourage the submission of original and review articles showing advances in pharmaceutical technology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, pharmacology, both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and in silico modeling as well as simulation approaches.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Juan José García-Rodríguez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • parasites
  • parasitic diseases
  • drug combinations
  • antiparasitic activity
  • pharmacokinetics
  • drug resistance
  • mechanism of action
  • formulations
  • drug synthesis and discovery

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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15 pages, 2319 KiB  
Article
Nifuroxazide and 4-Hydroxybenzhydrazone Derivatives as New Antiparasitic (Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania mexicana) and Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Agents
by Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado, Diana V. Navarrete-Carriola, Lenci K. Vázquez-Jiménez, Alma D. Paz-González, Baojie Wan, Scott Franzblau, Othman Mueen Mohammed, Lorena Rodríguez-Páez, Charmina Aguirre-Alvarado, Verónica Alcántara-Farfán, Joaquín Cordero-Martínez, Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez and Gildardo Rivera
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(5), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050621 - 7 May 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Nifuroxazide (Nfz) is a drug that has been used as a scaffold for designing antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate in vitro of Nfz and twenty-five 4-hydroxybenzhydrazone derivatives as potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, anti-Leishmania mexicana [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Nifuroxazide (Nfz) is a drug that has been used as a scaffold for designing antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate in vitro of Nfz and twenty-five 4-hydroxybenzhydrazone derivatives as potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, anti-Leishmania mexicana, and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents. Methods: The compounds were synthesized by condensing 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide with appropriate aldehydes in acidic conditions and structurally confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. All compounds were evaluated in vitro against T. cruzi strains (NINOA and A1), L. mexicana (M379 and FCQEPS strains), and M. tuberculosis (H37Rv strain), followed by enzymatic assays against T. cruzi cysteine proteases. Results: Compound Nfz-24 (IC50 = 6.8 μM) had better trypanocidal activity than the reference drugs benznidazole (IC50 > 30 μM) and nifurtimox (IC50 > 7 μM) against the NINOA strain, and Nfz-8 (IC50 = 7.2 μM) was the compound most active against the A1 strain with a high inhibition of T. cruzi cysteine proteases (IC50 = 4.6 μM) and low cytotoxic effects (CC50 >100 μM). On the other hand, compound Nfz-5 (IC50 = 5.2 μM) had a 25-fold better leishmanicidal effect than glucantime (IC50 > 125 μM) against the L. mexicana M379 strain, and compound Nfz-13 had the best leishmanicidal effects (IC50 = 10.2 μM) against the FCQEPS strain. Finally, Nfz, Nfz-1, and Nfz-2 had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12.3, 5.1, and 18.8 μg/mL against M. tuberculosis, respectively. Conclusions: In summary, these results suggest that the compounds Nfz-1, Nfz-2, Nfz-5, Nfz-8, Nfz-10, Nfz-15, Nfz-24, and Nfz-25 are candidates for further studies to develop new and more potent anti-T. cruzi, anti-leishmaniasis, and anti-M. tuberculosis agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antiparasitic Agents)
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